外伤性白内障摘除人工晶體植入临床观察

本文报告外伤性白内障摘除人工晶體植入術78例78眼。外伤至手術时间为5天到7年。Ⅰ期后房型人工晶體植入76眼,其中聯合小梁切除1眼,聯合玻璃體前段切除1眼;Ⅱ期后房型人工晶體植入2眼。術后随访3個月至3年,視力在0.4以上者54眼,占70％。術后常見并發症为角膜水腫、前房滲出物、前房出血,后期为后囊混濁。对手術时期的選择,并發症及其处理進行了讨论。     

角膜穿孔伤并白内障人工晶状体植入临床观察

目的探讨角膜穿孔伤合并外伤性白内障患者，人工晶状体植入联合手术方法及效果。方法对32例（32眼）角膜穿孔伤合并外伤性白内障施行的囊外摘出联合人工晶状体植入术进行回顾性分析。13眼采用Ⅰ期角膜缝合联合白内障囊外摘出联合人工晶状体植入术。19眼采用Ⅱ期白内障囊外摘出联合人工晶状体植入术。结果术后随访1-3月，视力≥1．0者4眼，占12．50％；0．5-0．9者19眼，占59．38％；0．1-0．4者6眼，占18．75％；0．1以下者3眼，占9．38％。结论角膜缝合，晶状体摘出和人工晶状体植入三联合手术的手术时机及术式的选择非常重要，同时须对术中、术后并发症采取合理的治疗措施。     

外伤性白内障人工晶状体植入手术时机及方法的探讨

目的探讨外伤性白内障的手术时机的选择。方法对我院2008年7月～2011年8月收治的52例52眼外伤性白内障,根据其年龄、晶状体外伤性质、其他部位外伤情况及炎症反应程度,选择时机进行白内障摘出联合人工晶状体植入术。伴有角膜裂伤者,先缝合伤口,视情况进行一期或者二期白内障手术;晶状体囊破口较小及挫伤性白内障,待皮质浑浊较充分后进行手术;外伤后炎症反应较重者,先控制炎症,于(1-2)周内手术;晶状体皮质膨胀突出于前房接触角膜及引起严重炎症反应或继发青光眼者,则立即进行手术。采用白内障吸出、囊外摘出或玻璃体晶状体切除联合后房人工晶状体一期植入手术方法。52眼中,一期人工晶状体植入35眼,二期植入17眼,均为后房人工晶状体。结果术后视力0.05以上者占96.15%,0.3以上者占67.31%,0.5以上者占36.54%,1.0以上者占3.85%。结论正确掌握白内障的手术时机,及时处理术中术后并发症,复杂的外伤性白内障术后仍能获得较好的视力,并能促进恢复双眼单视功能。     

新型前房型人工晶状体一期二期植入临床观察

目的：评价新型弹性开放襻前房型人工晶状体一期或二期植入的临床效果。方法：共34只眼,一期前房型人工晶状体植入19只眼,其中老年性白内障12只眼,外伤性昌状体半脱位4只眼,外伤性白内障3只眼;二期植入15只眼,其中老年性白内障术后8只眼,外伤性白内障术后7只眼。术后随访半年以上。结果：一期植入术后68.4%(13只）眼视力≥0.5,其中≥1.0有3只眼,占15.8%,二期植术术后73.3%(11只眼）视力≥0.5,其中≥1.0有4只眼,占26.7%;术后常见并发症为角膜水肿的眼压升高。结论：新型弹性开放襻前房型人工晶状体一期二期植入均安全、有效。     

手术治疗糖尿病性白内障60眼临床分析

目的:分析小切口白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术和超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入术治疗糖尿病性白内障的疗效及并发症。方法:选择2006-01/2010-01确诊为糖尿病性白内障患者52例60眼,Ⅱ～Ⅲ级核47眼,采用超声乳化白内障吸除后房型人工晶状体植入术;Ⅳ～Ⅴ级核13眼,采用小切口白内障囊外摘出后房型人工晶状体植入术。结果:糖尿病患者52例60眼白内障术后视力均有不同程度的提高,其中50眼(83%)术后1wk裸眼视力≥0.4。术中术后主要并发症经处理对术后视力无影响。结论:对糖尿病性白内障患者采取恰当的术式,施行小切口白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术或超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入术疗效肯定。     

Postoperative complications and visual results in uniocular pediatric traumatic cataract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study was prospectively carried out to evaluate the postoperative complications and visual results following posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation in children with unilateral traumatic cataract. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 40 children, 12 years or younger, with traumatic cataract (blunt trauma, n = 22 eyes, repaired penetrating eye injury, n = 18 eyes) undergoing PCIOL implantation with a minimum follow-up period of one year. Children with posterior segment ocular injury were excluded. RESULTS: The postoperative complications were significantly higher in the penetrating eye injury group as compared to blunt trauma group (ie, pupillary capture 44.44% vs 9.09%, posterior capsulotomy rate 83.33% vs 40.90% and IOL decentration 27.77% vs 4.54%). The final visual acuity was 6/12 or better in 38.8% and 86.36% of eyes with penetrating eye injury and blunt trauma, respectively. CONCLUSION: Extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with PCIOL implantation in traumatic cataract following blunt trauma results in better visual outcome and fewer complications compared to penetrating eye injury if the posterior segment is not involved.     

白内障后囊破裂人工晶状体睫状沟固定与植入前房疗效比较

目的:比较睫状沟缝线固定人工晶状体术和前房人工晶状体植入术治疗白内障后囊破裂的疗效。方法:回顾性分析采用睫状沟缝线固定人工晶状体术、前房人工晶状体植入术治疗白内障后囊破裂45例45眼,比较两组手术的疗效。结果:睫状沟缝线固定人工晶状体术组和前房人工晶状体植入术组均能有效治疗白内障后囊破裂。但后者术后有2例6mo后出现虹膜睫状体炎及眼压升高,其余视力均改善。前者视力均改善,未见有明显的并发症。结论:睫状沟缝线固定人工晶状体术和前房人工晶状体植入术均能有效治疗白内障后囊破裂,改善视力,但前者更接近于生理位置,术后并发症更少。     

超声乳化术中人工晶状体前囊夹持植入的临床观察

目的:观察超声乳化术中人工晶状体前囊夹持植入法的临床效果。方法:对白内障超声乳化术中撕囊口过小21例21眼、后囊破裂6例6眼、囊袋宽松1例2眼采用前囊夹持法植入后房型人工晶状体,术后观察视力、人工晶状体位置及后发性白内障情况,术后随访6～24mo。结果:术后3mo视力0.3以上6眼,0.5以上13眼,0.8以上10眼,人工晶状体位置稳定,后发性白内障发生率与囊袋内植入相近,未发现其它与固定有关的并发症。结论:白内障超声乳化术中采用前囊夹持法植入后房型人工晶状体效果良好,是超声乳化术中出现撕囊口过小、后囊膜破裂等并发症的一种有效补充手段。     

援非小切口手术治疗黑人白内障287例报告

目的:观察在援非期间对287例黑人白内障实施小切口手术的临床效果。方法:在非洲简陋的条件下对287例287眼黑人白内障实施巩膜隧道小切口非超乳白内障摘除术,植入硬质型人工晶状体,观察各类白内障术后裸眼视力及并发症。结果:一次性植入人工晶状体275例275眼,术后1wk裸眼视力≥0.3者240眼(83.6%),≥0.5者166眼(57.8%);角膜水肿53眼(18.5%),后囊膜破裂5眼(1.7%),前房反应38眼(13.2%)。结论:在非洲对于大规模黑人白内障选择小切口白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入手术,疗效可靠。     

外伤性白内障二期前房型人工晶状体植入

目的 探讨外伤性白内障二期植入弹性开放襻前房型人工晶状体的效果和安全性。方法 28例28眼外伤性白内障行二期弹性开放襻前房型人工晶状体植入联合周边虹膜切除术。术后随访3月以上。结果 术后3月裸眼视力≥0．5者20眼(71．4％)，达到术前最佳矫正视力者24眼(85．7％)。术后常见并发症为角膜水肿、葡萄膜炎和眼压升高。结论 外伤性白内障二期植入弹性开放襻前房型人工晶状体是一种简便、安全、有效的方法。     

Primary cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation in penetrating ocular trauma

PURPOSE: To analyze the postoperative outcome and complication rate after cataract extraction or lensectomy with primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for penetrating traumatic cataract. DESIGN: Retrospective, nonconsecutive, noncomparative case series. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the files of 21 patients who were admitted to our departments because of traumatic cataract with corneal or scleral laceration caused by penetrating trauma with or without intraocular foreign body (IOFB) from 1992 through 1997. Lens aspiration or manual extracapsular cataract extraction with primary IOL implantation was performed in all patients. Removal of an IOFB was performed in eight patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Final visual acuity and deviation of actual refraction from emmetropia and from expected postoperative refraction. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 20.4 months. Fourteen eyes (67%) achieved final visual acuity of 20/40 or better, 95% obtained 20/60 or better final visual acuity, and all eyes achieved 20/100 or better final visual acuity. Major causes of limited visual acuity were central corneal scar and central retinal injury. Eleven eyes (57%) experienced secondary cataract and underwent neodymium:yytrium-aluminum-garnet capsulotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Primary implantation of posterior chamber lenses after penetrating ocular trauma is associated with favorable visual outcome and a low rate of postoperative complications.     

晶状体超声乳化吸除及人工晶状体植入术对闭角型青光眼眼压及前房深度的影响

目的评价品状体超声乳化吸除及后房型折叠式人工晶状体植入术或联合小梁切除术，治疗合并有自内障的闭角型青光眼，观察其术后眼压、前房深度及视力等的变化。方法回顾分析27例（30只眼）闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者。经综合降眼压治疗3～4d，眼压低于25mmHg者21只眼，即行巩膜隧道切口晶状体超声乳化吸除及后房型折叠式人工晶状体植入术，眼压高于25mmHg者9只眼，即行巩膜隧道切口晶状体超声乳化吸除及后房型折叠式人工晶状体植入联合抗代谢药物及小梁切除术。随访3—6个月。结果所有患者术中、术后没有出现严重的并发症，术后视力均有提高，术后眼压都得到控制。平均眼压由术前的20．28mmHg降至11．07mmHg；中央前房深度由术前的2．14mm加深到3．43mm。术后眼压、中央前房深度与术前相比均有显著性差异。术后前房角开放均≥180°。结论晶状体超声乳化吸除及后房型折叠式人工晶状体植入术或联合小梁切除术，是治疗合并有白内障的闭角型青光眼的有效方法。     

外伤性白内障一期后房型人工晶体植入术

目的：探讨外伤性白内障人工晶体植入的疗效。 方法５７例外伤性白内障一期植入后房型人工晶体，术后随访３～３５ｍｏ。 结果６４％患者术后视力≥０．５，无严重并发症发生。 结论术中处理前囊膜、分离虹膜后粘连及预防后囊膜的破裂，对外伤性白内障人工晶体植入的疗效起着重要的作用。     

青光眼白内障联合手术预置小梁切口的疗效

目的：探讨小切口白内障囊外摘出和后房型人工晶状体囊袋内植入联合预置小梁切口小梁切除术治疗青光眼合并白内障的临床疗效。 方法：对21例青光眼合并白内障患者实施白内障囊外摘出和后房型人工晶状体囊袋内植入联合预置小梁切口小梁切除术,观察术后患者视力、眼压及并发症情况。 结果：所有患者术后眼压均降至正常范围内。术后视力均有不同程度的提高。术后1眼发生早期人工晶状体前膜,2眼暂时性角膜水肿。 结论：预置小梁切口和小切口白内障摘除及后房型人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除是安全、有效、经济的治疗方法,值得推广。     

Primary implantation of posterior chamber lenses after traumatic cataract peneration

PURPOSE: To analyze the postoperative outcome and complication rate after phacoemulsification, lens aspiration or lensectomy with primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation after traumatic cataract penetration. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 15 patients who were admitted to our hospital from 1997 to 2001 because of traumatic cataract with corneal laceration with and without intraocular foreign body (IOFB). In all patients phacoemulsification, lens aspiration or lensectomy and primary IOL implantation were performed. Removal of IOFB was performed in 6 patients. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 19.6 months, 8 eyes (53%) achieved a final visual acuity of 20/40 or better and 12 eyes achieved 20/100 or better final visual acuity. One patient (final visual acuity=1/40) had an additional macular pathology. Due to irregular astigmatism two patients achieved a final vision of less than 20/100. Major causes of limited visual acuity were central corneal scars and in one patient a photopic maculopathy. Four eyes (25%) developed secondary cataract and underwent YAG laser capsulotomy. In one patient PVR retinal detachment had to be treated by pars-plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade. CONCLUSIONS: Primary implantation of posterior chamber lenses after penetrating ocular trauma is associated with a favourable visual outcome and a low rate of postoperative complications.     

儿童外伤性白内障摘出人工晶状体植入并发症

目的　探讨儿童外伤性白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术的并发症及其治疗。方法　对62例(62眼)儿童外伤性白内障行白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术,对术中、术后并发症及处理方法进行分析。结果　术后视力比术前提高者5 7眼,随访42眼,视力提高者3 5眼,术中主要并发症为前房积血,后囊破裂及玻璃体溢出。术后主要并发症为前葡萄膜炎、后囊浑浊、人工晶状体偏移及其表面色素颗粒沉积等。结论　外伤性白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术是治疗儿童外伤性白内障的有效方法,其并发症比成人严重。但如处理适当仍然可以达到较好效果。     

The long term clinical outcome of anterior chamber lenses after cataract surgery

PURPOSE: To analyse the functional results and postoperative complications of primary and secondary anterior chamber lenses implantation in a follow up of 10 years. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Sixty one patients (64 eyes), 29 females and 32 males, between 22 and 96 year of age (midding 64 years), who underwent cataract surgery with anterior lens implantation from 1990 to 2000 were analysed. It was performed with cataract removal in 51 eyes (after intracapsular extraction in 18 eyes and 33 eyes with intraoperative complications making impossible to apply the posterior chamber intraocular lens). The secondary implantation was complied in 13 aphakic eyes from 1 to 13 years after cataract removal. Thirty nine patients were subjected to the control examination on October of 2000 year. The visual acuity, intraocular pressure, anterior and posterior part of the eye were examined. RESULTS: The satisfactory visual function and intraocular pressure were confirmed in most of the patients. The reasons of lower visual acuity were: the retinal detachment (2 eyes), bullous keratopathy (2 eyes after vitreous loss), age related macular degeneration (1 eye), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (2 eyes). In the anterior part of the eye in 21 eyes (54%) we observed deformation of the pupil's shape, only. CONCLUSIONS: The anterior chamber lens implantation is an efficacious method of aphakia treatment in some patients. The older patients demonstrated good functional results and tolerance of anterior chamber lens, especially after the cataract removal by krioextraction. The good tolerance and visual acuity were observed either in cases of primary or secondary implantation. In the case of capsular rupture and vitreous loss before AC IOL implantation, a complete (full) vitrectomy should be performed.     

小切口青光眼白内障联合手术17例分析

目的:探讨小切口白内障囊外摘出后房型人工晶状体囊袋内植入联合小梁切除术治疗青光眼合并白内障临床疗效。方法:对17例青光眼合并白内障患者实施白内障囊外摘出后房型人工晶状体囊袋内植入联合小梁切除术,观察术后患者视力、眼压及并发症情况。结果:所有患者术后眼压均降至正常范围内。术后视力均有不同程度的提高。术后1眼发生早期浅前房,2眼暂时性角膜水肿。结论:小切口青光眼白内障联合手术是治疗青光眼合并白内障安全有效的手术方式。     

人工晶状体光学部囊袋后嵌入治疗儿童先天性白内障

目的 评价人工晶状体（IOL）囊上植入、光学部囊袋后嵌入治疗儿童白内障的临床效果。设计 回顾性病例系列。研究对象 15例（17眼）儿童先天性白内障患者。方法 超声乳化白内障吸除后，后囊连续环形撕囊，直径约4mm，将IOL光学部嵌于后囊后，襻位于囊袋上，使囊袋闭锁。主要指标裸眼视力、眼压、IOL位置及并发症。结果 术中17眼按设计的手术方式顺利完成。术后6个月5眼IOL位置从囊袋后向前移位至囊袋前，这其中有4眼发生视轴区混浊，余13眼在随访期间均未出现视轴区混浊。术后6个月的主要并发症为IOL表面沉着物：1级3眼（18％），2级7眼（41％）。虹膜前粘连1眼（6％），后粘连4眼（24％）。瞳孔变形5眼（29％）。结论 应用囊上植入、光学部囊袋后嵌入IOL治疗儿童白内障安全有效，可有效预防后发性白内障的发生。     

外伤性白内障人工晶体植入术的初步报告

对15例15眼外伤性白内障行运外摘除及一期后房型人工晶体植入木，随访7月～21月，平均12月，矫正视力在0.5以上者80％，1.0以上者26．7％，手术后反应与非外伤性白内障人工晶体植入术后相仿，不增加额外并发症。针对外伤性白内障特点，着重讨论了手术技巧，认为手术的灵活性尤其值得重视。人工晶体植入为外伤性白内障患者重建双眼单视功能提供了理想的手段。