早产儿与足月儿胼胝体大小及形状的对比研究

目的比较足月儿与发育至同龄的极低出生体重(very low birth weight,VLBW)早产儿胼胝体面积、偏心率和斜率的差异,为早期评价和改善早产儿脑发育提供参考。方法 55例胎龄为40周的足月儿于出生当日、80例VLBW早产儿于纠正胎龄40周时分别接受颅脑高场MRI检查,扫描序列为T1WI、T2WI和DWI,选择T1WI正中矢状位图像,共得到127例合格的颅脑MRI图像,其中足月儿组49例,VLBW早产儿组78例;由两名影像学医师于不同时间分别勾画两次胼胝体及大脑区域,使用MATLAB R2010a中的图像处理函数对所勾画的图像进行测量,计算得到胼胝体面积、前部斜率、后部斜率及偏心率。结果 VLBW早产儿组胼胝体面积和后部斜率均小于足月儿组,前部斜率大于足月儿组,两组间差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。VLBW早产儿组胼胝体偏心率小于足月儿组,两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论早产影响胼胝体的发育,VLBW早产儿发育至与足月儿同龄时胼胝体可能较小且较圆。     

不同出生胎龄婴幼儿期神经行为发育水平研究

目的探讨不同出生胎龄婴幼儿神经行为发育水平差异。方法采用随机抽样的方法抽取2019年1月1日至2020年6月30日在西北妇女儿童医院出生的新生儿作为研究对象,按照出生胎龄分为早产儿组(胎龄28~36周)、早期儿组(胎龄37~38周)、足月儿组(胎龄≥39周)。早产儿与早期儿于纠正胎龄40周、足月儿于生后24 h进行新生儿神经行为评分(NBNA);分别在早产儿、早期儿、足月儿生后6个月、12个月、24个月时随访,采用北京首都儿童研究所《0~6岁儿童神经心理发育量表》评估其进行神经心理发育水平。结果本次研究共纳入986名新生儿,早产儿组122例,其中男54例,女68例,平均胎龄(32.42±1.54)周;早期儿组275例,其中男122例,女153例,平均胎龄(37.54±1.21)周;足月儿组589人,其中男245人,女344人,平均胎龄(39.89±0.52)周。6月龄时,早产儿组、早期儿组总发育商以及大运动、精细运动、认知、语言、社会交往5方面评分均显著低于足月儿组(均P<0.01)。12月龄时、24月龄时,早产儿组总发育商以及大运动、精细运动、认知、语言、社会交往5方面评分均显著低于足月儿组(均P<0.01)。胎龄与大运动、精细运动、认知、语言、社会交往评分呈正相关(均P<0.05),胎龄越大,大运动、精细运动、认知、语言、社会交往评分越高(r=0.992、0.968、0.955、0.933、0.990)。结论出生后早产儿组以及早期儿组儿童神经行为发育水平均显著低于足月儿,6月龄时早产儿组以及早期儿组儿童神经心理发育水平均显著低于足月儿组,在12月龄与24月龄时早产儿神经心理发育水平仍旧显著低于足月儿组,但早期儿与足月儿神经心理发育水平相当。     

早产儿出院后体格发育和神经心理发育随访研究

目的分析早产儿1岁以内的体格发育和神经心理发育状况。方法选择146例胎龄28～36周的早产儿作为研究对象,206例足月适于胎龄儿为正常对照组,对其0～12月内的体质量、身长及头围分别进行Z值评估并分析,计算年龄别身长Z值(LAZ)、年龄别体质量Z值(WAZ)、身长别体质量Z值(WLZ)和年龄别头围Z值(HCZ);分别于6月龄和12月龄采用CDCC婴幼儿智能发育量表测试随访对象智力发育指数(MDI)和运动发育指数(PDI);早产儿以矫正月龄计算。结果早产儿矫正月龄1岁内大多数月龄LAZ、WAZ、WLZ和HCZ均大于0,且增长最快的阶段在3月以内,体质量追赶速度优于身长追赶速度;矫正胎龄后早产儿6月龄,12月龄MDI和PDI与足月儿接近。结论生后早期是早产儿的快速生长期;体格发育各指标间存在不平衡性;经早期干预的早产儿神经心理发育水平可以接近足月儿。     

早产儿生后24个月龄的神经心理发育研究

目的 通过分析早产儿24个月龄Gesell量表结果,研究早产儿生后24个月龄的神经心理发育情况,为改善早产儿的神经心理发育结局提供依据。方法 选取钦州市妇幼保健医院新生儿科住院且出院后定期随访、资料完整的早产儿为早产儿组(n=278),根据出生胎龄(GA)将早产儿分为GA＜32周组(n=102)和GA≥32周组(n=176);抽取同期健康足月儿为足月儿组(n=113);收集所有研究对象24月龄Gesell量表发育商(DQ);比较早产儿组与足月儿组、早产儿各组与足月儿组Gesell量表结果;了解不同出生胎龄早产儿在生后24月龄神经心理发育的差异。结果 各组生后24月龄Gesell量表结果:1)早产儿组大运动、精细运动异常发生率及其DQ值与足月儿相比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);但语言、个人社交和适应性异常的发生率较足月儿高,相对应的DQ值较足月儿低。2)GA≥32周的早产儿大运动、精细运动、语言、个人社交、适应性的异常发生率分别与足月儿相比,差异均无统计学意义;但语言、个人社交和适应性的DQ值仍低于足月儿。3)GA＜32周的早产儿大运动、精细运动、语言、个人社交、适应性异常发生率均显著高于足月儿,相对应的DQ值均低于足月儿。结论 大多数早产儿,生后24个月龄的大运动、精细运动已达到足月儿水平,但语言、个人社交和适应性的发育仍落后于足月儿;GA＜32周的早产儿神经心理发育未达到足月儿水平,仍需延长随访和加强干预。     

极低出生体重早产儿0～1岁生长发育纵向随访研究

目的探讨极低出生体重(very low birth weight, VLBW)早产儿生后第一年体格发育和神经心理发育规律,为促进生长发育和改善发育预后提供科学依据。方法选取2017年1月—2019年1月苏州市立医院儿童保健科定期随访并建立专案管理,符合入组条件且随访资料完整的108例VLBW早产儿作为观察组,同期随机抽取187例健康足月儿作为对照组。定期测量体格发育指标,采用WHO Anthro软件计算生后(纠正)1、3、6、12月龄的体重、身长和头围Z评分,并采用《0～6岁儿童神经心理发育量表》对其神经心理发育水平进行评价。通过重复测量资料方差分析比较组间和组内生长发育指标情况。结果 (1)VLBW早产儿体重和头围在纠正6月龄内Z评分呈上升趋势,但在纠正6～12月龄Z评分上升不明显;身长在纠正12月龄内Z评分呈不断上升趋势。(2)在纠正1～6月龄,两组间体重Z评分相近,但在纠正12月龄,VLBW早产儿组体重Z评分落后于足月组(P=0.017)。在纠正3～12月龄,两组间身长Z评分和头围Z评分相近。(3)在纠正1岁时,其大运动、精细运动、社交发育水平达到足月儿组(P 0.05),但适应能力和语言水平仍不及足月儿组(P0.05)。结论VLBW早产儿在纠正0～1岁内体格发育呈追赶趋势,呈先快后慢模式,且神经心理发育水平各能区发育存在不均衡性。     

早产儿矫正24月龄内体格发育及神经心理发育随访分析

目的 比较不同出生胎龄的早产儿矫正24月龄内体格发育及神经发育情况,为进一步做好早产儿保健提供理论依据。方法 回顾性分析2017年1月—2020年8月在深圳市妇幼保健院高危儿门诊随访胎龄为23～36⁺⁶周的4 077例早产儿的体格及神经心理发育情况。其中男2 283例,女1 794例;根据胎龄分为超早产儿(<28周)、早期早产儿(28～31⁺⁶周)、中期早产儿(32～33⁺⁶周)和晚期早产儿(34～36⁺⁶周)。体格发育采用Z值法,神经心理发育采用贝利Ⅱ量表评估。统计分析各组年龄别体重Z值(WAZ)、年龄别身长Z值(LAZ)、年龄别头围Z值(HCZ)、智能发育指数(MDI)和运动发育指数(PDI),并绘制各矫正月龄体格及神经心理发育指标变化趋势。结果 1)各胎龄组各矫正月龄相应体格发育指标(包括WAZ、LAZ、HCZ)比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),超早产儿组在各矫正月龄的各体格发育指标均小于其余胎龄组(P＜0.05),其他三组在矫正1、3、6及12月龄内的各体格发育指标比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而在矫正18及24月龄各体格发育指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);中、晚期早产儿组各矫正月龄各体格发育指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。各胎龄组WAZ及LAZ在矫正40周至矫正6月呈上升趋势,但在矫正6月至矫正18月出现下降趋势(F=5.572、4.867,P＜0.001)。而各胎龄组HCZ在矫正40周至矫正24月总体呈现下降趋势(F=3.095, P=0.006)。2)超早产儿组在各矫正月龄的MDI及PDI均小于其余胎龄组(F=22.134、31.729, P＜0.05)。早、中、晚期早产儿三组的MDI及PDI比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。超早产儿组MDI在矫正6月至矫正24月龄呈下降趋势(F=8.972,P＜0.001)。结论 早、中、晚期早产儿在矫正24月龄内基本达到适宜的体格及神经心理发育,而超早产儿在矫正24月龄内的体格和神经心理发育仍不理想,需要进一步研究及干预。     

早产儿408例体格生长与神经运动发育纵向研究

目的 分析早产对婴儿体格生长与运动发育的影响,为改善早产儿的神经运动发育提供依据。方法 以广西钦州市妇幼保健院新生儿科住院且出院后定期随访、资料完整的408例早产儿为研究对象,收集校正胎龄40周、6月龄、12月龄的头围、体重,校正胎龄40周的新生儿行为神经测查(NBNA)评分和校正6月龄、12月龄Gesell量表发育商;比较体格增长迟缓组和正常组婴儿各月龄段相应的体格增长与神经运动发育的情况。结果 体格增长迟缓的发生率在校正胎龄40周时最高(21.8%),校正12月龄较6月龄显著下降(4.9% vs. 8.6%)。校正12月龄大运动异常的发生率较6月龄显著下降(7.6% vs.16.4%),各月龄段体格增长迟缓者神经运动异常的发生率显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 大部分早产儿校正12月龄时已实现体格追赶性生长和神经运动的良好发育,校正12月龄的体格增长迟缓是发生大运动异常的危险因素。     

早期中西医综合干预对不同胎龄全面性发育迟缓患儿的疗效研究

目的 研究早期干预对不同胎龄全面性发育迟缓患儿的疗效差异,为临床有效干预提供参考。方法 对73例符合标准的全面性发育迟缓患儿,按胎龄分为早产儿组(胎龄28~37周)35例,足月儿组(胎龄37周以上)38例,两组均进行我院早期干预六项(中药浴式水疗+运动疗法+通督醒脑益肾健脾按摩法+视听刺激+脑血管超声波+五行体感音乐),分别于干预前和干预4个月后用Gesell智力测试进行疗效评估。结果 1)对早产儿组及足月儿组全面性发育迟缓患儿进行干预后Gesell智力测试各个能区发育商均高于干预前,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);2)早期干预六项治疗前,足月儿组Gesell智力测试各个能区发育商均高于早产儿组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);治疗4个月后,足月儿组Gesell智力测试社会适应、精细运动、语言、社交能区发育商均高于早产儿组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05),而大运动能区发育商与早产儿组相近,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 早期干预六项对不同胎龄全面型发育迟缓患儿均有明确的疗效,尤其在促进早产儿大运动发育方面具有优势。     

晚期早产儿和足月儿早期运动发育对照研究

目的研究晚期早产儿(在校正月龄后)和同龄足月儿早期运动发育水平的差异,为早期实施针对性的运动干预方案提供依据。方法选取2013年6月-2014年5月在本院出生并在门诊随访的晚期早产儿46例作为观察组,随机选择同时期在本院出生的健康足月儿50例为对照组。在两组婴儿(14.0±1.0)周龄运用Alberta婴儿运动量表(Alberta Infant Motor Scale,AIMS)进行运动发育评估,比较两组原始得分、百分位≥50%的比例和运动发育异常率。结果晚期早产儿AIMS原始得分低于足月儿组,但两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组AIMS得分相对应的百分位≥50%的比例,晚期早产儿显著低于足月儿(P0.01)。晚期早产儿和足月儿运动发育异常的比例两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论晚期早产儿的早期运动发育趋势在校正胎龄后还常落后于正常足月出生同龄婴儿,应尽早实施早期干预,促进早产儿的良好发育。     

早产小于胎龄儿发育特征研究

【目的】探讨早产小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age,SGA)生长发育特征,为今后对早产儿进行有效干预提供依据。【方法】将胎龄在206-258 d的早产儿按体重进行胎龄评估,分为SGA组(出生体重小于同胎龄出生体重P10)45例,适于胎龄儿(appropriate for gestational age,AGA)组76例,对照组200例(正常足月儿)。三组均于出生后定期接受体格发育监测和52项神经运动检查,并进行相应干预指导。在1-2岁间做智力(CDCC)检查。【结果】早产SGA儿体重在3-6月时与其他两组差异有显著性,9-12个月与早产AGA儿体重差异缩小,但仍与足月儿有差异。早产SGA儿52项神经运动检查部分指标异常率明显高于其他两组。早产儿智能发育指数(mental development index,MDI)与足月儿差异有显著性,早产儿两组之间差异不大。早产儿贫血发生率高。【结论】早产SGA儿1岁以内的体格生长发育具有快速追赶特征,6个月后仍能保持较快的追赶速度。但1岁以内体重落后危险仍较大,神经运动发育也落后。早产儿2岁以内MDI较低,应该针对性地进行干预指导。     

碘-131治疗GD伴巨大甲状腺肿的近期疗效分析

目的 评价门诊碘-131治疗GD伴巨大甲状腺肿大的临床疗效、安全性。方法 对34例甲状腺重量在70~200g的GD患者采用门诊碘-131治疗,给药剂量根据每个患者的个体因素,按照每克甲状腺组织碘-131剂量范围为2.96~4.44MBq(80~120μCi)来计算,每次的最大剂量男性为55.5MBq(15mCi),女性为48.1MBq(13mCi),随访时间为1~4a。结果 34例患者中一次缓解者19例(占55.9%),有一例患者经过4次治疗后得到有效缓解,所有的患者均能得到有效缓解。在随访中有3例(占8.8%)患者发生临床甲减。结论 门诊碘-131治疗GD伴巨大甲状腺肿大是一种安全有效的方法。     

Characterization and chronological changes of preterm human milk gangliosides

Objective

Gangliosides are present in high concentrations in the nervous tissue, and some are observed in small amounts in many extraneural tissues and body fluids. Human milk may play important roles in energy supplementation, prophylaxis of infection, and brain development. For preterm infants, human milk gangliosides are also very important substances during the early lactation stage. However, there are no data on human milk gangliosides from mothers at preterm delivery. We investigated the characterization of gangliosides and chronologic changes in human preterm milk earlier than 30 wk of gestation from 1 to 60 d after birth.

Methods

Forty-one samples were analyzed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography and a microtechnique using 1 mL of milk from each lactation and compared with 61 full-term human milk samples.

Results

Total lipid-bound sialic acid of human milk gangliosides after preterm delivery showed a peak concentration at 2 to 3 d postpartum and then remained at a high concentration until approximately 10 d. GD3 was the major ganglioside in the colostrum until approximately 7 to 10 d postpartum. GM3 was scarcely detected until 7 d postpartum and then increased gradually. There was no difference in the GD3 concentration per 1 mL of human milk between preterm and full-term human milk until approximately 5 to 8 d postpartum. After that time, the GD3 concentration decreased sharply. In contrast, the total concentrations of GM3 per 1 mL of human milk from mothers after preterm delivery were lower than those from mothers after full-term delivery throughout the entire period examined.

Conclusion

This finding is essential to elucidate the composition of human milk gangliosides after preterm delivery, which may contribute to the analysis of the physiologic composition and formulation appropriate preterm infant nutrition.     

缬沙坦/氨氯地平和依贝沙坦/双氢克尿噻联合治疗老龄高血压疗效的研究

Objective To compare the clinical effect of valsartan/amlodipine combination or irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide(HCTZ)combination in very elderly hypertensives.Methods After a 4-week placebo period,94 hypertensives,aged 75-89 years were random given valsartan 160 mg/amlodipine 5 mg or irbesartan 300 mg/HCTZ 12.5 mg for 24 weeks according to a rospective study.After 4 weeks,amlodipine or HCTZ was doubled in non-responders.Patients were checked every 4 weeks.At each visit,sitting,lying and standing blood pressure(BP),systolic BP(SBP)and diastolic BP(DBP)were measured. At the end of placebo period and treatment period,electrolytes and uric acid were evaluated.Results Blood pressure was significantly decreased in both treatment groups,however,there was no statistical significance between two groups.BP changes from lying to standing position were significantly greater in the irbosartan/HCTZ group(-17.2/-9.1 mmHg)than that in the valsartan/amlodipine group(-10.1/-1.9 mmHg,t=2.14,P＜0.05 for SBP and t=3.11,P＜0.01 for DBP vs.irbesartan/HCTZ).Potassium significantly decreased and uric acid significantly increased(-0.4 mmol/L,t = 2.33,P＜ 0.05 and+29.7μ mol/L,t =2.54,P＜0.05 vs.baseline,respectively)only in the irbesartan/HCTZ group.Conclusions Both combinations had similarly effective in reducing clinical BP in very elderly hypertensives.However,valsartan/amlodipine offered some advantage and less pronounced BP orthostatic changes and absence of metabolic adverse effects.     

罗格列酮与全反式维甲酸对人胃癌SGC7901细胞株生长和凋亡的影响

Objective To investigate the influence of PPARγ excitomotor RSG and ATRA on gastric cancer SGC7901 cell line proliferation in vitro and its potential mechanism study.Methods Human gastric cancer SGC7901 cell line was cultured in vitro.Experiment samples were divided to blank group,10μmol/L ATRA group, 12.5μmol/L RSG group, 25μmol/L RSG group, 10μmol/L ATRA + 25μmol/L RSG group.Proliferation inhibitory effect was determined by MTI assay.Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle, H.E stain was used to observed micrography alteration.Expression of PPARγ protein in gastric cancer cells were measured by immunohistochemistry.PPARγ mRNA in gastric cancer cells were measured by RT-PCR.Results ATAR at concentration 10μmol/L, RSG at 12.5 μmol/L and RSG at 25 μmol/L could inhibit the proliferation of SGC7901 cells in a dose-and time-dependent, and when both agents were combined for 72h, growth inhibition ratio was (29.73 ± 0.69) %.Flow cytometry analysis revealed a cell cycle arrest at G1 and S phase, and when both agents combined, S% was (12.87 ± 0.35 )%, cell micrography tended to be normal when both agents combined.Up-regulation of PPARγ protein and PPARγ mRNA expressions were also observed, those effects were enhanced when both agents combined, and grey scale ratio was 0.646.Conclusion The ATRA and RSG could significantly induced growth inhibition of human gastric cancer SGC7901 cell, which may be associated with cell cycle arrest and inducing differentiation, activation of PPARγ protein and PPARγ mRNA expression.Synergistic effect could be caused by the combined use of the two agents.     

罗格列酮与全反式维甲酸对人胃癌SGC7901细胞株生长和凋亡的影响

Objective To investigate the influence of PPARγ excitomotor RSG and ATRA on gastric cancer SGC7901 cell line proliferation in vitro and its potential mechanism study.Methods Human gastric cancer SGC7901 cell line was cultured in vitro.Experiment samples were divided to blank group,10μmol/L ATRA group, 12.5μmol/L RSG group, 25μmol/L RSG group, 10μmol/L ATRA + 25μmol/L RSG group.Proliferation inhibitory effect was determined by MTI assay.Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle, H.E stain was used to observed micrography alteration.Expression of PPARγ protein in gastric cancer cells were measured by immunohistochemistry.PPARγ mRNA in gastric cancer cells were measured by RT-PCR.Results ATAR at concentration 10μmol/L, RSG at 12.5 μmol/L and RSG at 25 μmol/L could inhibit the proliferation of SGC7901 cells in a dose-and time-dependent, and when both agents were combined for 72h, growth inhibition ratio was (29.73 ± 0.69) %.Flow cytometry analysis revealed a cell cycle arrest at G1 and S phase, and when both agents combined, S% was (12.87 ± 0.35 )%, cell micrography tended to be normal when both agents combined.Up-regulation of PPARγ protein and PPARγ mRNA expressions were also observed, those effects were enhanced when both agents combined, and grey scale ratio was 0.646.Conclusion The ATRA and RSG could significantly induced growth inhibition of human gastric cancer SGC7901 cell, which may be associated with cell cycle arrest and inducing differentiation, activation of PPARγ protein and PPARγ mRNA expression.Synergistic effect could be caused by the combined use of the two agents.     

硝酸甘油对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎ET/NO、TXA2/PGI2的影响

Objective To explore the effect of nitroglycerin on ET/NO, TXA2/PGI2 and pancreas pathomorphology changes in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) rats. Methods Sixty SD rats were random divided into five groups, including control group (A group, n = 12) and experimental group(B,C,D and E group, n = 12). The SAP was induced by injection of 5% sodium taurocholate through retrograde common biliopancreatic ducts via duodenal papilla with epidural catheter. Group C, D and E were intravenously injected with nitroglycerin 0.5μg/kg/min,1μg/kg/min and 2μg/min in 30 min respectively, and group A and B was injected with Sodium Chloride 0.5ml. The indexes of changed pathomorphology and ET/NO, TXB2/6-keto-PGF1a, were determined at the 6th and 12th hour after operations, respectively. Results The specimen data of the 6th and 12th hour displayed that the indexes of changed pathomorphology, ET, ET/NO, TXB2, and TXB2/6-keto-PGF1a of the group C,D and E degraded respectively, compared to group B(P < 0.05). Conclusion The nitroglycerin could degrade ET, ET/NO,TXA2 and TXA2/PGI2, improve the microcirculation of pancreas, and delay the pathological inflammation change in SAP rats.     

近视眼视网膜神经纤维层厚度与中央角膜厚度相关性研究

Objective To explore the relationship between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and central corneal thickness (CCT) in myopia eyes.Methods 91 cases (91eyes) were selected from ophthalmological outpatients including 28cases with low myopia ( spherical equivalence [ SE ] ＞ -3.0D), 33 cases with moderate myopia (SE -0.3D ～ -6.0D) and 30 cases with high myopia (SE ＜ -6.0D).All patients received ocular standard examination including intraocular pressure, refraction, slitlamp biomicroscopy and fundus examination.Other ocular diseases except refractive error were excluded.RNFL thickness and CCT were measured by RTVue Fourior-OCT ( Optovue Inc, USA).Refraction diopter was shown as SE.Results The mean RNFL thickness and CCT was ( 108.5 ± 10.1 ) μm, (524.7 ±36.8)μm respectively.These were no significantly different among low, moderate and high myopia ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Temporal RNFL thickness( tl1 ,tu1 ) was significantly positive related with CCT( r =0.281,0.093 of tl1, r= 0.352,0.167 of tu1 respectively in single and multiple variable analysis; P ＜ 0.05 ), nasal ( nl2, nu2)and inferior nasal RNFL thickness( in2,in1 )was significantly positive related with SE( P ＜0.05), inferior temporal RNFL thickness( it2)was significantly negative related with SE( P ＜0.05), and RNFL thickness in other regions were not significant related with CCT and SE ( P ＞ 0.05 ) in single and multiple variable regressive analysis.Conclusion Relationship between RNFL thickness of local paradisc region and CCT in myopia eyes suggested that CCT should be correlative with some sensible structural parameters in glaucomatous neuropathy and might be important in the diagnosis and therapy of glaucoma.     

利尿剂在三聚氰胺及三聚氰酸致大鼠急性肾损伤中的治疗作用

Objective To investigate the effect of diuretic (furosemide) therapy on kidney injury induced by melamine and cyanuric acid in rats. Methods 36 male Spragne Dawley rats were random disided into 3 groups. Group A was treated with 2mL of water daily, group B was treated with melamine and cyanuric acid ( each 100 mg/kg) daily for 4 days and then 2ml of water daily, group C was treated with the same as group B at the first 4 days and then treatment with furosemide (20mg/kg) daily. Samples of blood and 24h urine were collected to detective biochemical indexes, and kidney sections were performed on days 4 and 11 ( each end point, n = 6). The kidneys were observed with histopathology and renal crystal deposition scores were determined. Results On the 4th day, group B and group C were resulted in acute kidney injury such as oliguria [ ( 3. 39 ± 1.02 ) ml, ( 3. 20 ± 0. 86 ) ml ] and high serum creatinine [ ( 153.54 ±27. 08)μmol/L, (160. 11 ± 19. 55)μmol/L] and renal melamine cyanurate crystal were found in the renal tissues. On the 11th day, the renal crystal deposition score in the rats was reduced by 9. 52% ( P >0. 05). Compared with those of the 4th day in group B, it reduced by 63.63%( P <0.05) in group C. Urine volume were increased significantly compared with those of the 4th day( P < 0. 05 ) in group C [ from (3.20±0. 86)ml to (25.96 ±5.97)ml] and group B [ from(3. 39 ± 1.02)ml to (8. 57 ± 1.66)ml] , and Urine volume in group C was increased significantly more than that in group B ( P < 0. 05 ). The serum creatinine was obviously reduced as compared with those of the 4th day in group B and C( P <0.05), from[ (153. 54±27.08) μmol/L] to [ ( 106. 10 ±5.53) μmol/L] in group B and from [ ( 160. 11 ± 19. 55) μmol/L] to [ (67. 17 ± 12. 80 ) μmol/L] in group C, but the serum creatinine in group B was still higher than that in group A and C ( P < 0. 05). Conclusions Furosemide can attenuate the damage of acute kidney injury induced by melamine and cyanuric acid.     

异丙酚对大鼠肺缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用

Objective To study the protective effects of propofol against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat lung. Methods Rat model of pulmonary ischemia/reperfusion injury was used in this study. Rats were randomly divided into three groups, including sham opera-tion group (group A), iachemia/reperfusion group (group B) and propofol group (group C), 15 rats in each group. The concentration of tumor necrosis factor -α and interleukin-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Then blood gas analysis, lung wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio were detected in each group. Results Propofol could significantly improve PaO2, reduce the W/D value and the contents of TNF-α and IL-6 in BALF. Conclusion Propofol effectively suppressed the pro-duction and release of inflammatory cytokine, therefore it can protect the lung from isehemia/reperfusion injury.     

近视眼视网膜神经纤维层厚度与中央角膜厚度相关性研究

Objective To explore the relationship between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and central corneal thickness (CCT) in myopia eyes.Methods 91 cases (91eyes) were selected from ophthalmological outpatients including 28cases with low myopia ( spherical equivalence [ SE ] ＞ -3.0D), 33 cases with moderate myopia (SE -0.3D ～ -6.0D) and 30 cases with high myopia (SE ＜ -6.0D).All patients received ocular standard examination including intraocular pressure, refraction, slitlamp biomicroscopy and fundus examination.Other ocular diseases except refractive error were excluded.RNFL thickness and CCT were measured by RTVue Fourior-OCT ( Optovue Inc, USA).Refraction diopter was shown as SE.Results The mean RNFL thickness and CCT was ( 108.5 ± 10.1 ) μm, (524.7 ±36.8)μm respectively.These were no significantly different among low, moderate and high myopia ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Temporal RNFL thickness( tl1 ,tu1 ) was significantly positive related with CCT( r =0.281,0.093 of tl1, r= 0.352,0.167 of tu1 respectively in single and multiple variable analysis; P ＜ 0.05 ), nasal ( nl2, nu2)and inferior nasal RNFL thickness( in2,in1 )was significantly positive related with SE( P ＜0.05), inferior temporal RNFL thickness( it2)was significantly negative related with SE( P ＜0.05), and RNFL thickness in other regions were not significant related with CCT and SE ( P ＞ 0.05 ) in single and multiple variable regressive analysis.Conclusion Relationship between RNFL thickness of local paradisc region and CCT in myopia eyes suggested that CCT should be correlative with some sensible structural parameters in glaucomatous neuropathy and might be important in the diagnosis and therapy of glaucoma.