宫内窘迫新生儿视网膜出血临床分析

目的:探讨宫内窘迫新生儿发生视网膜出血的形态特征及相关因素。方法:对90例宫内窘迫新生儿在生后72h内散瞳做眼底检查,记录视网膜出血形态及特征;分别统计胎儿性别、分娩方式、有无脐带绕颈、产程情况、母体健康状况下,各自的视网膜出血率。结果:90例宫内窘迫新生儿中视网膜出血28例34眼(31%)。出血部位以后极部视乳头表面及其周围多见,几乎全为视网膜浅层出血,形态呈点片状、线状、团状及火焰状。宫内窘迫新生儿采取顺产时发生视网膜出血的风险是剖宫产的14.3倍(P=0.003);孕妇合并并发症时,其出血的风险是没有并发症的30倍(P=0.006);产程延长时出血的风险是产程正常的9.3倍(P=0.014)。结论:宫内窘迫新生儿易发生视网膜出血,母体合并并发症、产程延长是增加宫内窘迫新生儿视网膜出血的风险因素,而采取剖宫产可明显降低其风险。     

新生儿视网膜出血

本文观察了527例(1054眼)出生一周内的新生儿眼底,结果表明新生儿视网膜出血发生率为10.25%(54/527),其中23例伴黄斑出血.阴道分娩出血率较剖腹产高,黄斑出血新生儿胎儿宫内窘迫发生率较高.讨论了新生儿视网膜出血的基本原因,黄斑的发育及黄斑出血导致弱视的可能机制.     

新生儿眼底病变筛查及视网膜出血的影响因素分析

目的　对新生儿眼底病变进行筛查统计，并分析视网膜出血的影响因素。方法　回顾性分析2013年1月至2016年12月在我院新生儿病房行眼底筛查的1558例新生儿资料。统计新生儿眼底病变发病率以及视网膜出血发病情况，对影响视网膜出血的相关因素进行分析。结果　本组1558例新生儿中筛查出眼底病变患儿196例，占12.6%；类型包括视网膜出血（8.9%）、早产儿视网膜病变（1.3%）、眼底渗出（1.2%）、视网膜有髓神经纤维（0.5%）、视网膜色素沉着（0.4%）、先天性结晶样变性（0.3%）、视网膜母细胞瘤（0.1%）。单因素分析结果显示，分娩方式、多胎、宫内窘迫、机械通气是影响视网膜出血的相关因素（均为P＜0.05）；而性别、是否足月、出生体质量、是否子痫、是否胎膜早破、是否窒息、是否输血、是否吸氧等因素与视网膜出血的发生并无明显相关性（均为P＞0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，阴道分娩、机械通气是视网膜出血的独立危险因素。结论　新生儿眼底病变的发生率较高，其中绝大多数为视网膜出血，阴道分娩和机械通气是导致新生儿视网膜出血的独立危险因素，应针对此类新生儿群体加强观察和干预。     

影响健康足月新生儿视网膜出血程度的临床因素分析

背景 新生儿视网膜出血在临床上较常见,严重的视网膜出血预后不佳,目前对影响新生儿视网膜出血程度的因素尚未完全明确,探索其相关因素有助于对其进行早期干预和预防. 目的 研究健康足月新生儿视网膜出血程度与产妇、分娩和新生儿临床因素之间的关系. 方法 采用横断面研究方法,于2013年1-12月对中山市人民医院产科出生的1 311名足月新生儿进行眼底筛查,所有新生儿在出生后4d内行Ret CamⅢ眼底检查,分别由2位有经验的审核者采用盲法独立读片.按照新生儿视网膜出血程度采用Egge分级标准分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ度视网膜出血组,无视网膜出血的新生儿作为正常对照组.采用逐步回归法探讨新生儿一般因素、产妇因素、生产因素和新生儿因素对视网膜出血程度的影响因素,对P＜0.10的影响因素进一步进行有序多分类logistic回归分析. 结果 1 311名新生儿中视网膜出血者371例,占28.30％,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ度视网膜出血分别为152、116和103例,分别占11.59％、8.85％和7.86％.经有序多分类logistic回归分析,脐带绕颈[相对危险度(OR)=1.308,95％可信区间(CI):1.011 ～1.693,P=0.041]是视网膜出血程度加重的危险因素,生产方式中经阴道分娩是视网膜出血程度加重的危险因素(OR=0.134,95％CI:0.132～0.137,P＜0.001),剖宫产则不是视网膜出血程度加重的危险因素.结论 经阴道分娩和脐带绕颈是足月新生儿视网膜出血程度加重的危险因素,具有这些危险因素的新生儿应进行早期检查以排除视网膜出血.     

新疆乌鲁木齐地区新生儿眼底病筛查情况报告

目的 了解新疆乌鲁木齐地区新生儿眼底病的发病情况，为新生儿眼底病防治提供依据。设计 横断面研究。研究对象 乌鲁木齐市妇幼保健院2014年1月至2018年12月出生的新生儿25 644例。方法 对所有新生儿应用广域数字化眼底成像系统 （RetCam3） 进行眼底检查，记录所有受检患儿出生孕周、出生体重、分娩方式等临床资料，对筛查结果进行分析。主要指标 眼底异常的发生率。结果 446例新生儿眼底异常，异常率达18.16%。其中视网膜出血3334例（13.00%），经阴道分娩新生儿视网膜出血发病率（20.91%）明显高于剖宫产（3.71%）（P=0.000）；家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变87例（0.34%）；视网膜周边白色病灶539例（2.1%）；永存原始玻璃体增生症4例（0.02%）；牵牛花综合征6例（0.02%）；视网膜母细胞瘤2例（0.01%）；在1649例早产儿中检出早产儿视网膜病变79例（4.79%），其中检出率与出生胎龄及出生体重均呈负相关（r=-0.879、-0.907，P=0.049、0.034）。结论 乌鲁木齐地区新生儿眼底疾病发病率排在前几位的眼病都是非致盲性、非紧急、无需干预的告知性眼病，主要的致盲性眼底疾病仍是以早产儿视网膜病变为主。     

600例新生儿眼底检查结果分析

目的 了解顺产儿与早产、难产儿视网膜出血发生比例关系,筛查新生儿尤其是早产儿视网膜病变.方法 对600例新生儿进行眼底检查,观察统计了视网膜出血的发生率及其与分娩方式的关系.结果 600例新生儿中,视网膜出血86例（14.3%）合并球结膜下出血12例,其中经阴道分娩81例,剖腹产5例.顺产视网膜出血的发生率10.88%,难产（包括使用胎吸和产钳）50.16%,早产为43.75%.结论 难产及早产新生儿视网膜出血明显高与顺产儿两者有极显著差异.     

高危新生儿眼底出血临床分析

目的 观察高危新生儿眼底出血的发生情况,探讨其相关危险因素.方法 早产或有窒息史、其母有高危分娩史的860例出生后1～5 d高危新生儿纳入研究.其中,经阴道分娩498例,剖宫产362例.经阴道分娩的498例新生儿中,顺产407例,产钳助产91例;产程正常298例,阴道产中滞产102例,急产98例.均散瞳后进行眼底检查,观察眼底出血发生情况,并将出血程度分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ3种.根据Apgar评分观察眼底出血者的窒息发生情况及窒息程度.分析眼底出血与分娩方式、产程的关系,眼底出血程度与窒息程度的关系.结果 860例高危新生儿中,眼底出血202例,占23.5％.202例眼底出血者中,Ⅰ度眼底出血75例,占37.1％;Ⅱ度眼底出血75例,占37.1％;Ⅲ度眼底出血52例,占25.8％.202例眼底出血者中,曾发生窒息172例,占85.1％.172例曾发生窒息者中,轻度窒息119例,占69.2％;重度窒息53例,占30.8％.轻重度窒息高危新生儿发生眼底出血的程度比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=34.61,P＜0.01).经阴道分娩者眼底出血的发生率明显高于剖宫产者,差异有统计学意义(x2＝30.73,P＜0.01).顺产者眼底出血的发生率明显低于产钳助产者,差异有统计学意义(x2=62.78,P＜0.01).阴道产中滞产、急产者眼底出血的发生率明显高于产程正常者,差异均有统计学意义(x 2 =45.86、71.51,P＜0.01).窒息、分娩方式、急产、滞产均是眼底出血的危险因素(r=7.46、4.87、15.03、6.47,P＜0.01).结论 高危新生儿眼底出血的发生率为23.5％.窒息、分娩方式、急产、滞产是导致眼底出血的可能危险因素.     

新生儿视网膜出血的临床分析

为了探讨新生儿视网膜出血的发生原因，我们对３１９例新生儿进行了眼底观察。结果表明：新生儿视网膜出血的发生率为１２．２３％，头位分娩的新生儿视网膜出血的发生率明显高于剖腹产者，新生儿窒息亦是视网膜出血的一个发生因素，但新生儿性别、胎次、胎龄、出生体重以及母亲年龄、早孕反应、妊娠中毒症与新生儿视网膜出血的发生无关。     

新生儿视网膜出血

新生儿视网膜出血（RH）是指新生儿在出生1个月内发生的RH。其发生可能与分娩方式、孕母患病及胎儿疾病等因素有关。经阴道分娩引起的胎头受压以及胎头急速下降引起的压力急剧变化可能是其发生的重要原因。多表现为双眼出血。出血常位于视网膜后极部，以浅层出血为主。出血形态可以是点状、线状及火焰状。通常病情较轻，预后较好，出血可于2周内完全吸收，目前认为尚无需治疗。少数严重出血或黄斑、玻璃体积血吸收缓慢，可能影响患儿视功能发育，导致弱视发生。对新生儿RH与儿童弱视之间的关系、新生儿RH是否需要干预以及如何干预，是今后新生儿RH研究的方向。     

足月新生儿视网膜出血危险因素的临床分析

目的探究足月新生儿视网膜出血的临床危险因素。方法收集2014年12月~2015年7月在本院出生后15 d内接受RetCam Ⅲ眼底检查的1 017例足月新生儿资料。观察性别、胎次、出生体重、妊娠期高血压、妊娠期糖尿病、分娩方式、脐带绕颈、脐带扭转及新生儿全身情况。将受检新生儿分为视网膜出血组和对照组,分析新生儿视网膜出血的可能影响因素。结果 1 017例新生儿视网膜出血的发病率为19.6%。视网膜出血组顺产、器械助产、脐带绕颈(NC)和脐带扭转(UCT)的构成比高于对照组,分别为(72.9%∶66%)、(4.5%∶2.7%)、(29.1%∶20.2%)和(13.06%∶5.62%);剖宫产的构成比则低于对照组(22.6%∶31.3%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析提示:顺产、器械助产、NC和UCT是新生儿视网膜出血的危险因素。结论新生儿视网膜出血的危险因素涉及顺产、器械助产、NC和UCT等多方面,应引起相关临床医师的重视。     

Incidence, distribution, and duration of birth-related retinal hemorrhages: a prospective study.

BACKGROUND: Retinal hemorrhages secondary to birth trauma are part of the differential diagnosis of intraocular hemorrhages seen in the setting of Shaken baby syndrome in very young infants. This prospective study aimed to document the morphology, distribution and, most importantly, the natural history of these hemorrhages using digital imaging. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Infants were recruited as soon after birth as possible and examined by indirect ophthalmoscopy. Retinal hemorrhages were photographed using the RetCam 120. Birth history was documented from the medical notes. Infants were reexamined and photographed until hemorrhages had resolved. RESULTS: Data were analyzed for a total of 53 neonates. The number of infants with retinal hemorrhage was 18 (34%). The incidence in relation to mode of delivery was as follows: vacuum delivery, 77.8%; normal vaginal delivery, 30.4%; cesarean section, 8.3%; forceps delivery, 30.3%. All hemorrhages were intraretinal and in all but two infants hemorrhages had resolved by 16 days. In two subjects hemorrhages were still present at 31 and 58 days, respectively. Both these infants were delivered by vacuum delivery. CONCLUSIONS: The RetCam 120 provides excellent documentation of retinal hemorrhages and their natural history. We have demonstrated hemorrhages still present at 58 days in a child born by vacuum delivery and this may have important implications for consideration in the differential diagnosis of Shaken baby syndrome.     

Retinal and intraventricular cerebral hemorrhages in the preterm infant born at or before 30 weeks' gestation.

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of retinal hemorrhages and their association with cerebral intraventricular hemorrhages (IVH) in low-birth-weight preterm neonates born at or before 32 weeks' gestation. METHODS: We prospectively studied a consecutive series of 22 neonates (24-30 weeks' gestation; mean gestational age, 27 weeks; mean weight, 1065 g) admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Anterior segment and indirect ophthalmoscopic examination, as well as cranial ultrasonographic examination, were performed on day 1 and day 10 of life. The prevalence of retinal and intraventricular hemorrhage was tested statistically for association with obstetric and neonatal clinical variables. RESULTS: The prevalence of retinal hemorrhage was 9% (2/22; 95% CI, 3%-21%) on day 1 and 2% (1/22) on day 10. The prevalence of IVH was 27% (6/22; 95% CI, 9%-46%): 14% (3/22) on day 1 and 23% (5/22) on day 10. Retinal hemorrhages occurred with greater frequency in neonates born to women who had intrauterine infection (chorioamnionitis, P =.043) and low umbilical cord pH levels (P =.027). No association was found between the presence of retinal hemorrhage and IVH (P = 1.000), mode of delivery (ie, vaginal vs cesarean section, P = 1.000), birth weight (P =.476), or gestational age (P = 1.000). The presence of subconjunctival hemorrhage was associated with IVH (P =.046). CONCLUSIONS: Retinal hemorrhages occur in less than 10% of low-birth-weight neonates, ie, a prevalence one half that observed in term neonates (22%). The hemorrhages tend to resolve without sequelae in the first 10 days of life and occur more commonly in infants born to women with uterine infection. Retinal hemorrhages in very premature neonates are not predictive of IVH-related brain damage.     

Neonatal retinal hemorrhages and influence of perinatal factors.

We studied fundus oculi in 234 newborns, divided into two groups of mothers and neonates with or without disease. The overall frequency or retinal hemorrhages was 30.3% (71 neonates). In each group, we studied the association between retinal hemorrhage and several variables of labor and the newborn infant. Statistically significant differences were found in the incidence of hemorrhage in one (2.6%) neonate born by cesarean section, as compared with 61 (38%) spontaneous or 9 (25%) forceps delivery.     

Incidence and rate of disappearance of retinal hemorrhage in newborns

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalance, associated biometric factors, and rate of disappearance of neonatal retinal hemorrhage. DESIGN: Cross-sectional and natural history study. METHODS: Healthy newborns (n = 149) at an urban hospital were examined using indirect ophthalmoscopy within 30 hours of birth. Newborns with retinal hemorrhage were reexamined biweekly until hemorrhage resolved. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Neonatal and maternal biometric factors, and incidence and rate of resolution of retinal hemorrhage. RESULTS: Intraretinal hemorrhage was present in 34% of newborns and varied from a single dot hemorrhage in one eye to bilateral widespread hemorrhages, occasionally with white centers. The incidence of hemorrhage was higher for vacuum-assisted (75%) than for spontaneous vaginal deliveries (33%) and was least for infants delivered by cesarean section (7%). The mean maternal age was greater for infants with retinal hemorrhage. By 2 weeks after birth, retinal hemorrhage resolved in 86% of eyes, and at 4 weeks no intraretinal hemorrhage was detected, although a single subretinal hemorrhage persisted until 6 weeks after birth. CONCLUSIONS: Intraretinal hemorrhages are common in the immediate postnatal period and resolve by 1 month of age. Retinal hemorrhage in infants older than 1 month should heighten suspicion that the hemorrhage is associated with factors other than birth.     

高危新生儿视网膜黄斑出血与屈光发育异常的相关性研究

目的:探讨高危新生儿视网膜黄斑出血与屈光异常的关系,并分析屈光发育异常的影响因素。方法:对2017-01/2018-01在我院新生儿科住院的高危新生儿1229例2458眼于出生后7d内进行RetCamⅢ眼底照像检查,并于1~1.5岁进行屈光筛查,分析高危新生儿屈光发育异常的影响因素。结果:本研究纳入高危新生儿中视网膜出血未累及黄斑者205眼(A组),其中屈光异常者6眼(2.93%);视网膜出血累及黄斑者57眼(B组),其中屈光异常者17眼(29.82%);无视网膜出血者2196眼(C组),其中屈光异常者40眼(1.82%),B组患儿屈光异常率高于A组和C组(均P<0.001),而A组与C组之间无差异(P=0.27)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,黄斑出血、缺血缺氧性脑病是屈光发育异常的独立危险因素。结论:视网膜黄斑区出血的新生儿中屈光发育异常率较高,黄斑出血和缺血缺氧性脑病是导致屈光发育异常的独立危险因素,应针对此类新生儿群体加强观察和干预。