PNU282987对异丙肾上腺素所致小鼠心脏重塑的保护作用

目的通过建立异丙肾上腺素所致小鼠心脏重塑模型,观察PNU282987保护心脏的作用。方法连续7 d皮下注射异丙肾上腺素(ISO),诱导小鼠心脏重塑模型,同时腹腔给予PNU282987,检测小鼠心脏重量指数、血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和肌酸激酶(CK)的活性,观察心肌病理形态学的改变;检测心肌组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量,通过Western blot测定诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的表达。结果与正常对照组相比,异丙肾上腺素组心脏重量指数增加,血清LDH和CK水平显著升高,心肌SOD活性下降,MDA含量增加,心肌组织中iNOS蛋白表达增加;与模型组比较,PNU282987可显著降低心脏重量指数、血清LDH和CK水平,增加心肌SOD活性,降低心肌MDA含量,下调iNOS表达。结论 PNU282987可能通过清除氧自由基,降低iNOS的表达,保护异丙肾上腺素导致的小鼠心脏重塑。     

茶多酚对异丙肾上腺素致大鼠心肌肥厚的保护作用

目的观察茶多酚对大鼠心肌肥厚的保护作用并讨论其相关可能作用机制。方法采用皮下注射异丙肾上腺素（ISO）建立大鼠心肌肥厚模型,将28只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、美托洛尔组、茶多酚组,灌胃给药连续14d后,取心脏称重后计算全心重量指数及左心重量参数;分别检测测定心肌组织一氧化氮合酶（NOS）活性及心肌组织血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）及钙调神经磷酸酶（CaN）的水平。结果与模型组相比,茶多酚能显著改善心脏质量指数,心肌组织NOS活性显著升高、AngⅡ含量降低、CaN活性明显降低。结论茶多酚对异丙肾上腺素所致大鼠心肌肥厚具有保护作用,其作用机制可能与提高NO水平、降低CaN活性、抑制AngⅡ有关。     

荞麦叶总黄酮对异丙肾上腺素诱导大鼠心肌肥厚的影响

目的　研究荞麦叶总黄酮 (TFBL)对异丙肾上腺素所致心肌肥厚大鼠的保护作用及机制。方法　皮下注射异丙肾上腺素 5mg·kg-1·d-1,以建立大鼠心肌肥厚模型 ,同时用荞麦叶总黄酮灌胃 (ig)给药 (0 .1、0 .2、0 .4g·kg-1·d-1) ,连续 2周。测定心脏重量指数 ,心室RNA、AngⅡ、MDA的含量、SOD活性 ,血清心肌酶活性及心肌病理改变。结果　TFBL能明显减轻心脏重量、缩短心肌纤维直径 ,减少心室RNA、AngⅡ、MDA的含量并升高SOD活性、抑制血清乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)和肌酸磷酸激酶 (CK)的活性。结论　TFBL对异丙肾上腺素所致心肌肥厚具有抑制作用。     

苦参碱对高血脂致大鼠心肌损伤的保护作用

目的观察苦参碱对高脂血症大鼠心脏细胞形态和功能的影响。方法分别给予高血脂模型大鼠50、100、200 mg.kg-1苦参碱,观察其对心脏细胞形态、功能及抗氧化酶的影响。结果苦参碱剂量依赖性的降低高脂血症大鼠体重、血清胆固醇和动脉硬化指数;减少血清的乳酸脱氢酶和肌酸激酶的含量;增强血清及心肌组织中的超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶的活性,同时降低丙二醛的含量;降低平均动脉压和LVEDP,升高LVSP和±dP/dtmax。结论苦参碱通过降低胆固醇、增强机体抗氧化酶活性、改善高脂血症大鼠心脏舒缩功能而发挥保护作用。     

低聚葡萄籽原花青素对异丙肾上腺素诱导大鼠心室重构的影响

研究低聚葡萄籽原花青素(oligomeric grape seed proanthoc yanidins,GSP)对异丙肾上腺素(isoproterenol,ISO)致大鼠心室重构的保护作用并初步探讨其机制。采用皮下注射ISO致大鼠心室重构模型,以GSP(50,100及150mg·kg-1)灌胃给药,PowerLab监测大鼠心功能,计算大鼠全心重量指数(HW/BW)和左心重量指数(LVW/BW),观察心肌病理学改变,测定左心室心肌组织中羟脯氨酸(Hyp)含量、血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果表明,与空白对照组相比,ISO组大鼠心功能明显受损,心脏重量指数HW/BW和LVW/BW、心肌细胞横截面积(CSA)、心肌间质胶原容积分数(CVF)和心肌血管周围胶原面积(PVCA)、心肌组织Hyp含量明显升高,血清SOD活性下降,MDA含量升高。与ISO组相比,GSP能明显改善心功能,降低心脏HW/BW和LVW/BW、CSA、CVF、PVCA和左心室心肌组织中Hyp含量,增加血清SOD活性,降低血清MDA含量。GSP对ISO诱导的大鼠心室重构具有明显的逆转作用,其机制可能与抗氧化应激,提高机...     

救尔心胶囊对大鼠急性心肌缺血的保护作用

目的：研究救尔心胶囊（JEXC）对大鼠急性心肌缺血的保护作用。方法：用异丙肾上腺素造成大鼠心肌缺血模型。结果：JEXC能提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性,降低心肌丙二醛（MDA）和血清有肌酸酶（CK）含量。结论 JEXC具有抗脂质过氧化作用,对心肌急性缺血具有保护作用。     

复脉汤对改善异丙肾上腺素诱导大鼠心肌损伤的作用

目的 研究复脉汤对异丙肾上腺素致大鼠心肌损伤的保护作用.方法 用异丙肾上腺素制备大鼠心肌损伤模型,以复脉汤高、中、低(26.7、17.8、8.9 g·kg-1·d-1,静脉滴注)及普萘洛尔(10 mg·kg-1·d-1静脉滴注.)治疗,记录大鼠体重和心室重量,计算心脏指数,测定血流动力学及心肌酶谱指标.结果 模型组心脏指数升高,心功能下降,心肌酶谱含量显著升高,复脉汤和普萘洛尔治疗组心脏指数显著下降(P<0.05),血清中心肌酶谱含量明显下降(P<0.05),血流动力学指标明显恢复(P<0.05);随复脉汤剂量增加,保护作用更明显.结论 复脉汤对异丙肾上腺素诱导的大鼠心肌损伤有保护作用.     

黄柏提取物对大鼠心肌损伤的保护作用

摘 要 目的：探讨黄柏水提物和醇提物对垂体后叶素和盐酸异丙肾上腺素致大鼠心肌损伤的保护作用及其可能的作用机制。方法: 将SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、复方丹参片组、黄柏水提组、黄柏醇提组,建立垂体后叶素和盐酸异丙肾上腺素大鼠心肌损伤模型,检测血清中肌酸激酶（CK）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH） 活性、心肌组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量。 结果: 与正常对照组比较,垂体后叶素建立的大鼠心肌损伤模型组血清LDH活性、CK活性和心肌组织MDA含量明显升高,心肌组织SOD活性明显降低（P<0.01）;盐酸异丙肾上腺素建立的大鼠心肌损伤模型组心肌组织MDA含量明显升高,心肌组织SOD活性明显降低（P<0.01）。与垂体后叶素建立的大鼠心肌损伤模型组相比较,各给药组血清LDH活性、CK活性和心肌组织MDA含量明显降低,心肌组织SOD活性明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）;与盐酸异丙肾上腺素建立的大鼠心肌损伤模型组相比较,各给药组心肌组织中MDA含量明显降低,SOD活性明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论:黄柏提取液对垂体后叶素和盐酸异丙肾上腺素引起的大鼠心肌损伤有一定保护作用。     

灯盏花素对异丙肾上腺素引起大鼠心肌肥厚和纤维化的保护作用

目的研究灯盏花素(breviscapine,Bre)对异丙肾上腺素引起大鼠心肌肥厚和纤维化的保护作用及其机制。方法用异丙肾上腺素(isoproterenol,Iso)皮下注射,连续7d,建立大鼠心肌肥厚和纤维化模型。造模d2起给大鼠腹腔注射Bre12.5和25mg·kg-1·d-1,连续用药14d,测量大鼠心脏重量指数(HW/BW)和左心室重量指数(LVW/BW),放射免疫分析法检测左心室心肌组织中血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)的变化;分光光度法检测左心室心肌组织中羟脯氨酸、一氧化氮(NO)含量和Na+,K+ATPase,Ca2+ATPase活性。结果Iso模型组大鼠心重指数和左心室重量指数明显增大,左心室心肌组织中AngⅡ和羟脯氨酸含量增高,NO水平下降,Na+,K+ATPase和Ca2+ATPase活力下降,Bre能提高心肌组织中的NO含量,抑制AngⅡ产生,增强Na+,K+ATPase和Ca2+ATPase活力,降低羟脯氨酸含量,抑制胶原的产生。结论Bre对Iso引起大鼠心肌肥厚和纤维化具有一定的改善作用。     

EGCG抑制心肌肥厚胶原生成和细胞增殖

目的研究表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)的抗心肌肥厚作用以及对心肌肥厚胶原生成和细胞增殖的影响。方法异丙肾上腺素(Iso)致小鼠心肌肥厚,测定心脏重量指数和血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸磷酸激酶(CK)活力。腹主动脉缩窄致大鼠心肌肥厚,测定心脏重量指数和心肌羟脯氨酸(Hp)含量,HE和VG染色观察心肌组织形态改变,增殖性核抗原(PCNA)免疫组化检测细胞增殖。结果EGCG50、100、200mg.kg-1剂量依赖的降低Iso致小鼠心肌肥厚的心脏重量指数及血清LDH、CK的漏出量。EGCG25、50、100mg.kg-1剂量依赖的降低腹主动脉缩窄致大鼠心肌肥厚的心脏重量指数和心肌Hp含量,明显改善心肌组织胶原增生和纤维化,EGCG50、100mg.kg-1明显降低细胞PCNA免疫组化阳性率。结论EGCG对大鼠和小鼠心肌肥厚模型有明显的抑制作用,该作用可能与改善肥厚心肌组织胶原增生和细胞增殖有关。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.