独居老年人常见心理问题的社区干预评价

目的探讨适宜的丰十区干预措施对独居老年人心理健康的作用。方法采用“症状自评量表（SCL-90）”、“抑邯自评量表（SDS）”和自制问卷调查表。对老西门社区418名≥60岁独居老人作心理健康水平问卷调查，什展“生理-心理-社会”综合干预并进行效果评价。结果经过干预。研究对象的SDS评分和情绪低落、抑郁及焦虑的发生率均较干预前下降，差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。结论社区全科医学综合干预刘改善独居老人心理健康水平。提高其生活质量是行之有效的。     

老年人团体旅游前后心理状况调查

目的 通过科学评测研究旅游对老年人心理健康的影响.方法 应用心理症状自评量表(SCL-90)、Zung焦虑量表(SAS)和Zung抑郁量表(SDS)对278名老年人旅游前后心理健康状况进行调查.结果 老年人旅游后人际关系、焦虑、敌对性、阳性项目数等因子得分及SAS和SDS总分显著低于旅游前水平.结论 旅游是消除老年人寂寞、抑郁、焦虑等负性情绪的有效途径.     

山东某高校大学生焦虑抑郁状况分析

目的了解高校大学生焦虑抑郁状况,为采取干预措施提供依据。方法采用以班为单位整群随机抽样方法,抽取某高校大学生833人作为研究对象,应用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)对大学生焦虑抑郁状况进行调查。结果大学生抑郁平均得分42.47±8.61,抑郁情绪检出率为19.33%,高年级学生抑郁平均得分和抑郁情绪检出率明显高于低年级学生。大学生焦虑平均得分38.21±7.88,焦虑情绪检出率为10.20%,女生焦虑情绪检出率明显高于男生,高年级学生焦虑平均得分和焦虑情绪检出率明显高于低年级学生。有7.44%的大学生同时伴有抑郁和焦虑情绪。结论焦虑和抑郁是影响大学生心理健康的重要问题,应积极采取干预措施,促进大学生的心理健康。     

心理干预对慢性乙型肝炎患者抑郁、焦虑情绪的影响

目的 观察慢性乙型肝炎患者抑郁、焦虑情绪的程度,探讨相应的心理干预措施,以提高临床疗效.方法 采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、对50例住院慢性乙肝患者进行心理干预前后测评,分析慢性乙型肝炎患者干预前后抑郁、焦虑情绪变化水平.结果 慢性乙型肝炎患者在心理干预前(SDS)、(SAS)评分经统计学分析,分值明显高于国内常模,p<0.01,心理干预后,(SAS)、(SDS)分值显著降低p<0.01.结论 慢性乙肝患者,普遍存在焦虑、抑郁负性情绪,慢性乙型肝炎患者在护理过程中,应特别重视心理干预.通过有效的心理干预,使患者焦虑、抑郁负性情绪得以舒缓、病情得到有效缓解,生活质量有所提高,使患者心身症状明显改善.     

上海某社区独居老人心理健康状况6年随访调查

目的为有效地开展社区独居老人的心理健康服务提供依据。方法每3年随访调查1次,每次调查采用二阶段分层随机抽样方法入户调查,调查工具自编一般情况问卷,心理健康筛查量表选用症状自评量表(SCL-90)及抑郁自评量表(SDS)。结果 418名随访独居老人中,每月≤1次或无子女(亲友)探望者达27%,有5.0%的独居老人无子女或因各种原因无电话联系;2005年、2008年和2011年的随访发现,出现各种心理异常状况的比例分别为72.25%、46.89%和53.40%;采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)筛查阳性的比例分别为31.58%、22.01%和25.24%;抑郁自评量表(SDS)总分>53常模的独居老人分别占25.60%、11.72%和17.48%。结论独居老人由于子女离去而失去相应的社会支持和情感交流对象,缺少精神慰藉已成为独居老人心理健康的主要问题之一,如何关注独居老人心理健康问题是老年社会服务的重要课题,值得进一步研究。     

2型糖尿病患者正念减压心理干预效果评价

目的评价正念减压对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者焦虑和抑郁心理干预的效果,为改善T2DM患者的心理干预效果提供依据。方法选取2017年1月—2018年6月于香港大学深圳医院全科就诊的80例T2DM患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为干预组和对照组,对照组实施常规的心理健康干预,干预组实施正念减压心理干预,分别在干预前、干预后4周、干预后8周采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评价两组T2DM患者焦虑和抑郁情况。结果对照组和干预组患者干预后SAS、SDS评分较干预前均下降(P0.05);两组患者的SAS、SDS评分差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);干预组SAS、SDS评分的下降幅度均大于对照组(P0.05)。结论通过正念减压心理干预可降低T2DM患者SAS、SDS评分,改善T2DM患者焦虑、抑郁的负性情绪。     

青年癌症患者情绪状况调查及综合心理干预

目的调查住院青年癌症患者的情绪状况并探讨综合的心理干预对情绪状况的影响。方法对62例青年癌症患者采用自身配对设计,用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评定其情绪状况,并在常规治疗、护理的基础上,给予综合心理干预,观察比较患者在心理干预前后焦虑抑郁情况及SAS、SDS评定结果。结果青年癌症患者焦虑、抑郁发生率分别为80.65%、74.19%,干预后SAS、SDS评分明显低于干预前(P0.01)。结论青年癌症患者有更明显的焦虑、抑郁情绪,进行综合的心理干预能有效改善其情绪状况。     

综合心理干预对野战医疗队非现役文职人员心理健康的影响

目的：探讨采用心理卫生教育、心理咨询和心理行为训练相结合的综合心理干预,对野战医疗队中非现役文职人员心理健康的影响。方法：对某院26名文职人员给予综合心理干预,前后采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）,焦虑自评量表（SAS）,抑郁自评量表（SDS）进行心理健康的评估。结果：干预后SCL-90总分、躯体化、抑郁、强迫、焦虑等因子,以及SAS总分和SDS总分均显著低于干预前（P〈0．05）。结论：综合心理干预有助于提高文职人员的心理健康水平,降低其对军事应激的心理反应。     

临终患者抑郁状态的音乐干预研究

目的:帮助临终患者增强自我概念,促进放松,缓解精神压力,降低抑郁状态。方法:一方面对被试进行访谈,了解临终患者的基本状态,另一方面用SDS量表对30例临终患者的抑郁情绪状态进行评估,随机分组后对实验组临终患者抑郁情绪状态进行音乐治疗干预,并将结果进行统计学分析。结果:实验组抑郁状态较对照组有显著降低,P0.05。结论:运用音乐的各种形式和功能,能够有效改善临终患者的抑郁情绪状态,是一种较好的心理危机干预手段。     

高职新生心理健康及抑郁状况的调查

目的了解高职新生心理健康和抑郁情绪的基本状况。方法采用临床症状自评量表(SCL-90)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、抑郁体验问卷(DEQ)测查学生的心理健康和抑郁情绪的基本状况。结果 SCL-90检测出较严重心理问题的学生占21.5%,与国内成人常模比较,高职新生SCL-90在强迫、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、偏执、精神病性6个因子上显著高于国内成人常模;抑郁自评的测查中,轻度和中度抑郁的人数有262人,占总调查人数的29.7%,重度抑郁16人,占1.8%。结论学校针对高职大学新生的抑郁迫切需要实施危机干预措施,学校应培养学生积极乐观的情绪以快速适应大学生活的需要。     

周家桥社区老年人慢性病及不良生活方式调查

目的了解周家桥社区老年人慢性病患病情况及主要不良生活行为，为制订相应的防治策略提供依据。方法以居委会为单位整群随机抽样，入户访谈获取老年人慢性病及相关资料。结果本组老年人慢性病总患病率为58．2％。疾病构成顺位依次为高血压、心脏病、脑血管疾病、高脂血症、慢性支气管炎等。老年人主要不良生活方式依次为低纤维饮食（67．52％）、缺乏锻炼（53．83％）、吸烟（21．13％）、高盐饮食（19．92％）、饮酒（12．73％）。结论老年人慢性病防治应列为神区卫生保健的重要内容，慢性病的防治应以健康教育和健康促进为基础，面向全人群，重在教育人们改变不良生活习惯。     

社区空巢和非空巢老人心理评定结果比较

目的通过对社区空巢老人和非空巢老人心理功能自我测评与比较，了解空巢居住的生活方式对老人心理健康的影响。方法使用SCL-90心理自评量表和自制负性心理评定量表等分别对社区53名空巢老人和51名非空巢老人的评定结果进行对比分析。结果SCL-90心理自评量表评定总分二组差异无统计学意义。其中恐怖、精神病性因子得分空巢组略高；负性情绪量表评定，仅孤独心境一项二组略有差异。结论空巢居住生活方式对老人心理健康影响不明显。     

昆山市以健康俱乐部为载体的医院健康教育效果评价

目的通过对昆山市864名各类人员进行健康教育前后的健康知识、健康信念、生活饮食习惯调查,评价以健康俱乐部为载体的医院健康教育方法及其效果。方法自编调查问卷,在健康教育前后分别对昆山市5大类人群随机抽取864名人员进行无记名自填封闭式问卷,用《医学卫生统计软件》对教育前后结果进行统计分析。结果在调查所涉及的3个范围28项条目中,有25项的认识教育后比教育前有不同程度提高,占总条目的89.29%,有显著性差异的14项,占总条目的50.00%;提高尤为明显的为健康知识知晓率(提高均值17.89个百分点)、其次为健康信念所持有的正确率(提高均值10.19个百分点)、提高不太明显的为生活饮食习题(提高均值1.46个百分点)。结论以健康俱乐部为载体的医院健康教育方法切实可行,但今后仍需加强民众良好的生活、饮食习惯养成教育,进一步提高俱乐部覆盖人群的知识、态度、行为水平。     

高等护理专业学生抑郁情绪状况调查结果分析

目的:探讨高护学生抑郁情绪状况及其相关的心理社会因素,为干预和调适提供依据。方法:通过抑郁自评量表,在学生知情同意原则下,对311例学生进行了调查研究。结果:高护学生的抑郁发生率为21.22%,就业压力、学习压力、经济状况、家庭的支持程度是高护学生的抑郁症状发生的主要影响因素。结论:高护学生抑郁的发生与多种因素有关,应及早进行心理干预。     

Overall and health related quality of life among the oldest old in pain

OBJECTIVES: To compare the oldest old (85 years and above) in pain with those with no pain across gender, regarding demographic data, living conditions, social network/support, walking/mobility problems, fatigue, sleeping problems, depressed mood and quality of life (QoL). The aim was also to test how these variables were related to QoL among the oldest old in pain. METHODS: The study comprised 1622 people aged 85-105 years, of whom 47% reported pain. SF-12 and the LGC questionnaire were used to measure QoL. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with QoL. RESULTS: Functional limitations, fatigue, sleeping problem and depressed mood were significantly more prevalent and QoL was significantly lower among those in pain than those not in pain, and among women compared to men. These complaints, along with financial problems, living in sheltered housing and living alone, were associated with low QoL among those in pain. CONCLUSION: Pain is common among the oldest old and coexists with several other complaints that together negatively affect QoL. By identifying those in pain and coexisting factors, actions can be taken to contribute to QoL, also in late life.     

Older people living alone in Shanghai: A questionnaire survey of their life experience

Globally the number of older people living alone is increasing. Little is known about the life experience of older people living alone in Mainland China. This study aimed to explore older people's experience regarding different components of their lives. A cross‐sectional survey of 387 older people aged 60 years and above and living alone in two communities in Shanghai was conducted from April to July 2015. A structured questionnaire including 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale, Activity of Daily Living Scale, UCLA Loneliness Scale version 3, Social Support Rate Scale and Older People's Quality of Life Questionnaire was used to assess the health status, loneliness, social support, quality of life and demographic information. A total of 15.7% of the participants rated their health as poor with 56.8% reporting chronic diseases and 26.9% reporting being depressed. A total of 71.1% of the participants reported a high level of functional ability. However, 54.3% and 21.7% of the participants reported a moderately and moderately high level of loneliness respectively. The median of SSRS was 30 and the mean of Older People's Quality of Life Questionnaire was 120.2, indicating a lower level of social support and quality of life. There were statistically significant differences in health, loneliness, social support and quality of life across the participants with different characteristics. Interventions to improve the health status, reduce loneliness, increase social support and maintain or improve quality of life of older people living alone in Shanghai could be developed and implemented. Potential interventions include providing frequent home care services, early detection of depression, encouraging more contacts from children and other family members, and providing support from other sources.     

国际会所模式对社区精神分裂症患者回归社会的影响

目的 探讨国际会所模式对社区精神分裂症患者回归社会的影响。方法 2007年4月以来在ICCD专家的指导下,按照会所36条准则,及ICCD的基本理念和操作技巧,为会员提供康复锻炼、社交锻炼、职前培训、文书培训、烹饪培训、健康生活培训、行政事务培训、个案辅导、过渡就业等服务。结论 社区精神分裂症的治疗最终目标是回归社会,国际会所模式成为目前社区精神分裂症治疗和康复的有效途径之一,为有效改善精神分裂症患者的心理健康和生活质量提供保障。     

The effect of suppressing negative emotions on eating behavior in binge eating disorder

Overeating may be a consequence of the suppression of negative emotions, by depleting self-control resources. This experiment investigated whether (a) there is a causal relationship between the suppression of negative emotions, negative mood, and overeating in people with binge eating disorder (BED) and whether (b) this relationship is increased in depressed people with BED. Sixty-six women with (full and sub-threshold) BED were shown an upsetting movie and then asked either to suppress their emotions or to react naturally. Subsequently, everyone participated in a taste task. After a decline, initial mood before watching the movie was restored after eating. Depressive symptomatology was positively correlated with caloric intake. Within the clinically depressed (Beck Depression Inventory-score>19) BED group, those who were most affected by the negative mood induction consumed the most calories. No differences were found between the two conditions with regard to caloric intake. No interaction effect was found between depressive symptoms and mood suppression. The hypothesis that suppression of negative emotion leads to overeating in (depressed) binge eaters was not born out. Overeating may serve as a means to (temporary) repair negative mood.     

The role of daily mobility in mental health inequalities: the interactive influence of activity space and neighbourhood of residence on depression

The literature reports an association between neighbourhood deprivation and individual depression after adjustment for individual factors. The present paper investigates whether vulnerability to neighbourhood features is influenced by individual "activity space" (i.e., the space within which people move about or travel in the course of their daily activities). It can be assumed that a deprived residential environment can exert a stronger influence on the mental health of people whose activity space is limited to their neighbourhood of residence, since their exposure to their neighbourhood would be greater. Moreover, we studied the relationship between activity space size and depression. A limited activity space could indeed reflect spatial and social confinement and thus be associated with a higher risk of being depressed, or, conversely, it could be linked to a deep attachment to the neighbourhood of residence and thus be associated with a lower risk of being depressed. Multilevel logistic regression analyses of a representative sample consisting of 3011 inhabitants surveyed in 2005 in the Paris, France metropolitan area and nested within 50 census blocks showed, after adjusting for individual-level variables, that people living in deprived neighbourhoods were significantly more depressed that those living in more advantaged neighbourhoods. We also observed a statistically significant cross-level interaction between activity space and neighbourhood deprivation, as they relate to depression. Living in a deprived neighbourhood had a stronger and statistically significant effect on depression in people whose activity space was limited to their neighbourhood than in those whose daily travels extended beyond it. In addition, a limited activity space appeared to be a protective factor with regard to depression for people living in advantaged neighbourhoods and a risk factor for those living in deprived neighbourhoods. It could therefore be useful to take activity space into consideration more often when studying the social and spatial determinants of depression.