肝痛舒口服液解痉镇痛实验研究

目的:肝痛舒口服液是根据中医理论舒肝理气、活血化瘀研制的一种纯中药制剂,临床用于治疗肝区疼痛、胃脘痛、痛经等有良好疗效。实验观察肝痛舒口服液的解痉镇痛作用,为临床治疗痛经、胃脘痛,研制新药提供实验依据。方法:采用离体、在体子宫实验法观察该药对大鼠子宫平滑肌解痉作用,用化学刺激、热板法检测对小鼠痛阈值的影响及镇痛作用。结果:对大鼠离体、在体子宫平滑肌的影响:肝痛舒口服液1.4、2.8g(原生药).kg-1、对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌具有明显的松弛解痉作用,能完全对抗催产素2U、麦角新碱0.08mg诱发的子宫平滑肌痉挛性收缩。其随剂量…     

速克痛口服液镇痛作用的研究

灌胃给药,在多种实验模型中具有良好的镇痛作用,可明显提高小鼠痛阈、减少小鼠因腹腔注射冰醋酸所致的扭体反应次数、延长受热刺激后引起大鼠痛反应的甩尾时间.实验结果表明,速克痛口服液对多种因素所致的疼痛具有明显的治疗作用.     

速克痛口服液镇痛作用的研究

灌胃给药，在多种实验模型中具有良好的镇痛作用，可明显提高小鼠痛阈、减少小鼠因腹腔注射冰醋酸所致的扭体反应次数、延长受热刺激后引起大鼠反应的甩尾时间。实验结果表明，速克痛口服液对多种因素所致的疼痛具有明显的治疗作用。     

双青咽喉片抗炎、镇咳、祛痰及镇痛作用的实验研究

目的：观察双青咽喉片抗炎、镇咳、祛痰及镇痛作用.方法：通过蛋清所致大鼠足趾肿胀实验、腹腔注射醋酸所致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增高实验、二甲苯诱发小鼠耳廓肿实验观察双青咽喉片的抗炎作用;通过浓氨水所致小鼠咳嗽实验和小鼠气管排泌酚红实验观察双青咽喉片的镇咳和祛痰作用;通过醋酸和热板刺激所致小鼠疼痛反应实验观察双青咽喉片的镇痛作用.结果：双青咽喉片能明显减轻蛋清引起的炎症反应,降低腹腔毛细血管通透性,显著降低二甲苯致小鼠耳廓的肿胀度,并能明显减少浓氨水引起小鼠的咳嗽次数,增加气管排泌酚红的作用,减少醋酸致小鼠的扭体次数,提高小鼠对热刺激的痛阈值.结论：双青咽喉片具有抗炎、镇咳、祛痰及镇痛作用.     

AW2镇痛药理作用的实验研究

目的:研究AW2的镇痛药理作用。方法:采用醋酸致痛的小鼠(扭体法)及热板致痛的小鼠(热板法)模型,观察AW2的镇痛作用。结果:AW2不同剂量组可不同程度抑制化学刺激所致的小鼠扭体反应,提高热板致痛小鼠的痛阈值,扭体镇痛ED50为3.3342 g(生药量).kg-1。结论:AW2具有轻微的镇痛作用。     

当归多糖对佐剂性关节炎足趾肿胀值及小鼠醋酸作用扭体反应的实验研究

目的：探讨当归多糖对佐剂性关节炎小鼠、大鼠模型的炎症及镇痛作用及机制。方法：制备佐剂性关节炎模型,观察当归多糖对大鼠关节炎症及醋酸所致小鼠扭体反应的作用。以雷公滕多甙为阳性对照药进行比较。结果：当归多糖对小鼠扭体反应及大鼠佐剂性关节炎足趾肿胀均有显著的抑制作用。结论：当归多糖具有镇痛、抗佐剂性关节炎的作用。     

祛风止痹凝胶剂的药效学研究

目的:考察祛风止痹(QFZB)凝胶剂治疗类风湿性关节炎的药效作用.方法 :采用大鼠佐剂性关节炎模型,观察本品的抗炎作用;用小鼠扭体法考察其镇痛作用.结果 :本品对大鼠佐剂性关节的炎急发性和继发性病变均有明显的抗炎作用;对由醋酸所致的小鼠扭体反应有明显的镇痛作用.结论 :祛风止痹凝胶剂具有良好的对类风湿性关节炎急发性和继发性病变的治疗作用和镇痛作用.     

石榴皮水提物的镇痛实验研究

探讨石榴皮水提物的镇痛作用.采用小鼠热板法、小鼠醋酸扭体法和小鼠热水甩尾法,观察经胃给予0.06、0.6、6和12mg/ml四种浓度的石榴皮水提物的镇痛作用.结果表明:0.6、6和12 mg/ml三种浓度的石榴皮水提物均可使热板所致小鼠舔足反应潜伏期明显延长(P<0.01),与给药前相比,潜伏期提高率最高达71.12%;可使醋酸所致小鼠扭体潜伏期明显延长(P<0.05),扭体次数明显减少(P<0.01),对扭体次数的抑制率最高达64.74%;可使热水所致小鼠甩尾潜伏期明显延长(P<0.01),与给药前相比,潜伏期提高率最高达112.59%;0.06 mg/ml浓度组对三个疼痛模型均无明显影响.说明0.6～12 mg/ml浓度的石榴皮水提取物具有镇痛作用,但0.06mg/ml浓度的作用则不明显.     

中药鸡血藤的镇痛实验研究

采用小鼠热板法、小鼠醋酸扭体法和小鼠热水缩尾法观察25%、50%和100%三种浓度的鸡血藤水煎液的镇痛作用。结果发现三种浓度的鸡血藤水煎液均可使热板所致小鼠舔足的痛阈值明显提高(P<0.05),痛阈提高率最高达112.17%;可使醋酸所致小鼠扭体潜伏期明显延长(P<0.01),扭体次数明显减少(P<0.01),抑制率最高达64.74%;可使热水所致小鼠缩尾潜伏期明显延长(P<0.01),痛阈提高率最高达81.79%。从而证实鸡血藤水煎液具有镇痛作用。     

痛风舒浸膏粉利尿作用及镇痛作用研究

目的：观察痛风舒浸膏粉对冰醋酸致小鼠炎性疼痛以及热刺激疼痛的镇痛作用和对正常大鼠的利尿作用。方法：用扭体法观察对冰醋酸致小鼠炎性疼痛、用热板法观察小鼠对热刺激疼痛的镇痛作用。用代谢笼法观察痛风舒对正常大鼠尿液的影响。结果：痛风舒浸膏粉在3.6g/kg、1.8g/kg有明显的镇痛作用。在2.4g/kg、1.2g/kg对大鼠均有利尿以及促进Na^ 、K^ 、CL^-排泄的作用。结论：痛风舒浸膏粉对冰醋酸致小鼠炎性疼痛和热刺激疼痛有镇痛作用；对正常大鼠有利尿作用和促进Na^ 、K^ 、CL^-排泄。     

Large lipoleiomyoma of the uterine body

Large or giant lipoleiomyoma of the uterine corpus is a rare condition. A 70-year-old Japanese woman consulted our hospital because of a pelvic mass and abnormal uterine bleeding. Physical examination showed a mass in the pelvis. Blood laboratory test showed anemia and leukocytosis. Cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, and hemoglobin A1c were normal. Tumor markers (CEA, CA19-9, CA125, SCC, and CA72-4) were normal. Imaging modalities including ultrasound and computed tomography revealed a characteristic large (8 × 8 × 9 cm) tumor in the posterior aspect of the uterine body. The tumor was characteristic, and the opacity was heterogenous. Radiologists' diagnosis was angiomyolipoma. Simple hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were performed. During the operation, it was found that the mass originated from the posterior aspect of the uterine body. Grossly, the resected mass was heterogenous and whitish yellow. It measured 10 × 9 × 9 cm. The tumor originated from the myometrium and assumed features of subserosal leiomyoma. Histologically, the tumor was composed of adipose tissue and smooth muscle cells. The adipose tissue was mature, and there were no atypical cells or lipoblasts. The smooth muscle areas were composed of red spindle smooth muscle cells. No atypia was seen in the smooth muscles. Mitotic figures were not recognized. Vascular proliferation was not seen. The adipose tissue element accounted for 20% in area; and the smooth muscle element, 80%. Immunohistochemically, the adipose tissue element was positive for vimentin and S100 protein, and negative for pancytokeratins (AE1/3, CAM5.2), α-smooth muscle actin, desmin, CD34, HMB45, p53, MDM2, CDK4, and KIT. The smooth muscle element was positive for vimentin, desmin, and α-smooth muscle actin, but negative for pancytokeratins (AE1/3, CAM5.2), S100 protein, CD34, HMB45, p53, MDM2, CDK4, and KIT. The Ki-67 labeling was approximately 0.3% in the smooth muscle element and approximately 0.2% in the adipose tissue element. The pathological diagnosis was large lipoleiomyoma of the uterine body. The patient is now free of the tumor 2 years after the operation.     

Histologic,morphometric, and immunocytochemical analysis of myometrial development in rats and mice: II. Effects of DES on development

The effects of diethylstilbestrol (DES) treatment on myometrial development from the prenatal to adult period were examined in rats and mice by histologic and immunocytochemical methods using anti-actin, -vimentin, and -laminin to assess cytodifferentiation of smooth muscle and fibroblastic cells, and by morphometric procedures to assess quantitatively the effect of DES on the expression of cellular orientation in the emerging inner circular myometrial layer. Neonatal rats and mice were treated with DES from day 0 (day of birth) to day 2 with dosages known to perturb myometrial development. Neonatal treatment with DES increased the degree of circular orientation within the uterine mesenchyme, an effect detectable following as little as 24 hr of DES treatment. This effect on spatial organization of the mesenchyme was followed by an increase in the thickness of the actin-positive middle layer (prospective circular myometrium) of uterine mesenchyme during days 3–15; from day 15 onward, however, the circular myometrial layer began to fragment into irregular bundles of smooth muscle, and the longitudinal myometrial layer became thinner and more irregularly organized than controls. Vimentin localization in rats treated with DES neonatally was more intense than in controls within the circularly orientated uterine mesenchyme at 5 days. By 60 days the circular and longitudinal myometrial layers of DES-treated animals showed strands and bundles of vimentin-positive cells, which were not present in controls. Both rats and mice show comparable effects of DES treatment.     

Mesometrial smooth muscle as an origin of female retroperitoneal (pelvic) leiomyomas

Retroperitoneal (pelvic) leiomyomas have recently come to be recognized as distinctive lesions. Retroperitoneal leiomyomas occur almost exclusively in women, and past studies on these invariably emphasized a striking similarity between their histological features, with those of uterine leiomyoma, whereas their origin remains unknown. In this study, we took notice of mesometrial smooth muscle, which has been little known either clinically or pathologically, as a possible origin of tumor. Anatomically, the mesometrial smooth muscle was an accumulation of thin bundles (approximately 1 mm in thickness) that ran parallel to the oviduct. It was connected broadly with the lateral wall of the uterine body and ended in the pelvic floor. The mesometrial smooth muscle was present just beneath the serosal surface of the anterior aspect of the mesometrium and continuously transited from the smooth muscle bundles of the outer layer of the uterine myometrium. The muscle cells were immunopositive for smooth muscle cell markers and estrogen/progesterone receptors. In all of the six female retroperitoneal leiomyomas examined, hormone receptor-positive nontumorous smooth muscle layers were present in the periphery of the tumors, seemingly representing the mesometrial smooth muscles. In conclusion, we believe most retroperitoneal (pelvic) leiomyomas in females arise from the mesometrial smooth muscle.     

Uterine smooth muscle tumors: utility of classification by proliferation, ploidy, and prognostic markers versus traditional histopathology

CONTEXT: Accurate categorization of uterine smooth muscle neoplasms by light microscopic examination is difficult. Multiple classification schemes have been proposed based on mitotic rate, nuclear atypia, and the presence or absence of necrosis. None of these classification systems has been entirely successful. Multiple ancillary techniques have been tested for their ability to predict behavior of uterine smooth muscle tumors. OBJECTIVE: We assayed 45 smooth muscle neoplasms for a variety of proliferation markers, oncogene protein products, and DNA ploidy level to determine if these markers supplied prognostically useful information over and above that obtained by routine light microscopic assessment. STUDY DESIGN: Forty-five uterine smooth muscle neoplasms were assessed for DNA ploidy; silver-staining nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs); percent nuclear proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA); expression of p53, Her-2/neu, and MDM-2 protein; mitotic rate; and nuclear grade. These markers were correlated with histologic diagnosis and the occurrence of a clinically adverse event (death, metastasis, or recurrence). RESULTS: Diagnostic category (P <.001), nuclear grade (P <.002), mitotic activity (P <.001), mean AgNORs (P <.001), percent nuclear PCNA (P =.02), and expression of p53 (P =.02) all correlated with clinical outcome. No statistically significant correlation between clinical outcome and the categories MDM-2 expression, Her-2/neu expression, or DNA ploidy was seen. Nuclear grade, p53 expression, mitotic rate, AgNORs, and percent nuclear PCNA correlated with diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic category, mitotic rate, AgNOR counts, PCNA, and p53 expression dichotomized uterine smooth muscle neoplasms into prognostically favorable and unfavorable groups. Although highly significant, the category AgNORs was no more successful than mitotic rate in dividing uterine smooth muscle neoplasms into prognostically favorable and unfavorable groups. Expression of p53 and percent nuclear PCNA dichotomized uterine smooth muscle neoplasms into prognostic groups, but neither technique reached the level of significance achieved by mitotic rate. Our data indicate that mitotic rate and the classification system of Kempson and Bari are at least as effective as the tested markers in separating uterine smooth muscle neoplasms into prognostic categories.     

Transforming growth factor-alpha, epidermal growth factor receptor, and PCNA immunoexpression in uterine leiomyosarcomas and leiomyomas in B6C3F1 mice.

The role of growth factors in the development of murine uterine mesenchymal tumors is unknown. In this study, immunohistochemical expression of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) and its receptor epidermal growth factor (EGF-R) was assessed in spontaneous uterine leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas in B6C3F1 mice. Cell proliferation, which has been induced by some growth factors, was evaluated by immunohistochemical detection of an endogenous marker of cell proliferation, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). PCNA labeling indices were determined and compared to the intensity and distribution of TGF-alpha staining in sequential sections of control myometrium or tumor tissue. Results showed uterine leiomyosarcomas had positive cytoplasmic staining for TGF-alpha; however, all uterine leiomyomas evaluated were negative. Positive EGF-R staining was also observed in the uterine leiomyosarcomas, but not in the leiomyomas. EGF-R immunoexpression was detected primarily within the cytoplasm of the leiomyosarcoma cells, with occasional nuclear immunoreactivity. Immunohistochemical staining for PCNA was more intense and there were increased numbers of positively staining nuclei in the leiomyosarcomas compared to samples of control myometrium or leiomyomas. The mean labeling index for the uterine leiomyosarcomas (7.40%) was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than that of leiomyomas (0.29%) and control uterine myometrium (0.13%). We conclude, that TGF-alpha and its receptor, EGF-R, are expressed more intensely in uterine leiomyosarcomas, compared to leiomyomas in B6C3F1 mice. Immunoexpression of TGF-alpha may be an important biomarker of malignancy in uterine smooth muscle tumors in mice. Futhermore, TGF-alpha may play a critical role in increased proliferation of uterine smooth muscle tumor cells as suggested by increased immunolocalization of PCNA in rodent leiomyosarcomas expressing TGF-alpha, although other factors regulating cell replication can not be ruled out.     

胞内cAMP在促胰液素和生长抑素引起胃平滑肌细胞舒张中的作用

用大鼠游离平滑肌细胞，观察促胰液素和生长抑素对胃平滑肌细胞的舒张效应及胞内ｃＡＭＰ的作用。结果表明：（１）促胰液素对胃体和胃窦平滑肌细胞的作用均为舒张反应。这一作用只引起环肌舒张，而对纵肌细胞无直接作用。促胰液素抗血清可阻断促胰液素对胃环肌细胞的舒张反应。Ｆｏｒｓｋｏｌｉｎ可加强促胰液素对胃环肌细胞的舒张作用，而ｃＡＭＰ抑制剂则减弱其舒张作用。促胰液素作用于胃环肌细胞后胞内ｃＡＭＰ含量显著升高。（２）生长抑素对胃体和胃窦平滑肌细胞无直接的舒张作用，但可以抑制由五肽胃泌素引起的胃平滑肌细胞的收缩作用，这一作用可被生长抑素抗血清所阻断。生长抑素作用下的胃平滑肌细胞内ｃＡＭＰ无显著变化。上述结果提示：促胰液素通过特异受体引起胃平滑肌细胞舒张，其收缩作用通过胞内ｃＡＭＰ介导。生长抑素对五肽胃泌素所致胃平滑肌细胞收缩的抑制作用不通过ｃＡＭＰ途径。     

Smooth muscle-specific dystrophin expression improves aberrant vasoregulation in mdx mice

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal X-linked muscle-wasting disease caused by mutations of the gene encoding the cytoskeletal protein dystrophin. Therapeutic options for DMD are limited because the pathogenetic mechanism by which dystrophin deficiency produces the clinical phenotype remains obscure. Recent reports of abnormal alpha-adrenergic vasoregulation in the exercising muscles of DMD patients and in the mdx mouse, an animal model of DMD, prompted us to hypothesize that the dystrophin-deficient smooth muscle contributes to the vascular and dystrophic phenotypes of DMD. To test this, we generated transgenic mdx mice that express dystrophin only in smooth muscle (SMTg/mdx). We found that alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction was markedly attenuated in the contracting hindlimbs of C57BL/10 wild-type mice, an effect that was mediated by nitric oxide (NO) and was severely impaired in the mdx mice. SMTg/mdx mice showed an intermediate phenotype, with partial restoration of the NO-dependent modulation of alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction in active muscle. In addition, the elevated serum creatine kinase levels observed in mdx mice were significantly reduced in SMTg/mdx mice. This is the first report of a functional role of dystrophin in vascular smooth muscle.     

金叶女贞花提取物镇痛抗炎活性的筛选及评价

目的:筛选和评价金叶女贞花提取物的镇痛抗炎活性。方法:利用溶剂萃取法制备金叶女贞花水提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物和正丁醇提取物。SPF级昆明小鼠分为5组:空白对照组(control)、阿司匹林组(aspirin)、金叶女贞花水提取物组、金叶女贞花乙酸乙酯提取物组以及金叶女贞花正丁醇提取物组。采用小鼠热板法和冰醋酸扭体法建立小鼠疼痛模型,评价金叶女贞花各提取物的镇痛效果。采用小鼠耳廓肿胀法、小鼠足肿胀法评价金叶女贞花不同提取物的抗炎作用。结果:镇痛实验结果显示,金叶女贞花水提取物能显著提高小鼠痛阈,减少扭体次数(P<0.05),且金叶女贞花水提取物的镇痛率高达63.89%。抗炎实验结果显示,金叶女贞花水提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物和正丁醇提取物均能抑制小鼠耳肿胀和足肿胀,具有显著的抗炎作用(P<0.05)。结论:金叶女贞花兼具镇痛和抗炎活性的物质主要存在于水提取物中。此外,金叶女贞花的乙酸乙酯提取物和正丁醇提取物均具有一定的抗炎活性。