明清时期常用按摩器具的类型与形制初探

目的:探讨明清时期常用按摩器的类型和形制特征。方法:收集整理明清时期传世的按摩器实物,结合古代文献记载,分析和总结它们在形制上的类型和特点。结果:明确了明清时期流行的按摩器的类型和形制特征。结论:明清时期的常用按摩器具,按照形制特征和功能,可以划分为拍打式、推压式、滚动式和复合式等类型,每种类型又有不同的样式。现代按摩器的形制大多都是来源于明清时期的按摩器。     

早期医用金属针具初探

目的：探讨早期医用金属针具的形制特征及发展演变,为现代针灸针具的改进提供鉴借和参考。方法：收集和整理考古发掘出土的早期金属类针状器具的资料,识别出其中用于针灸的金属针具,并结合医史资料、古代文献和现代针灸学的研究成果进行分析。结果：明确了早期金属针具的形状特征和演变过程。结论：在针刺疗法出现以前,金属针具的作用和用法与砭石相同,即用于刺治痈肿。战国时期,在针刺疗法出现以后,金属针具的功能和用法发生了改变,成为真正的针刺用针。     

汉代“医官”考

汉代不仅是我国古代医学发展比较成熟的时期,而且也是医官制度比较臻于完善的时期。汉代的医学和医官制度,对后世都有深远的影响。因此,本文拟根据文献和考古资料,对汉代的医官制度作一些粗浅的考释。在汉代最高医官是“太医令”,比拟之,和现代之中央卫生部长相似,它的来源可以上溯到周代之医官。《汉宫仪》云:“太医令,周官也。”周代的最高医官称“医师”,《周     

出土医学文献中酒的应用试析

[目的]探析出土医学文献中酒的应用,为现代中医临床运用酒提供借鉴。[方法]以《五十二病方》《武威汉代医简》《周家台秦简医方》以及《天回医简》等出土文献为基础,结合传世文献中的相关记载,对出土文献中酒的应用进行对比总结研究。[结果]出土医学文献中对酒的应用虽没有具体说明用酒的原因,但从同时期传世文献中的相关记载可以进行综合分析。酒在先秦秦汉时期多为黄酒,使用方法多是以酒调服,酒煎剂和浸渍法,并广泛应用于各类疾病的治疗。酒有“改变药性,直达病所”“温经通络,祛瘀止痛”“矫除臭味,增强药效”等功效。后世文献中对于酒的运用,在各个时期展现出不同的特点,但皆是在秦汉时期酒应用的基础上进行发展。[结论]酒在现代中医临床治疗的运用中存在巨大的潜力,但酒浸泡药物的时间、煎煮法等对药效的影响等方面均值得深入研究。     

出土医书资料对医古文文字教学的作用探讨

医古文课程主要以传世涉医文献和古代汉语基础知识作为授课内容，教学具有自身较强的系统性。其中汉字教学内容包括汉字形体演变、字形结构分析、古今字与通假字、异体字与繁简字四个方面，文字用例来源广泛，包括各种医学文献与其他非医文献。出土医书是指从地下发掘出来并涉及医学内容的文献材料，包括简牍帛书、石刻碑文、敦煌写卷等文献中的医学资料。由于出土医书长期埋藏于地下，绝大多数为传世文献所未见，也没有经过后人的改动与增删，因此它们从载体形制到文字内容都真实地保存了古代文献的原貌，是十分珍贵的原始医学资料。在医古文课程教学方面，出土医学文献可以提供丰富的语言文字资料。     

师怀堂新九针施术思想撷英

九针其名首见于《内经》,九种针具,形殊功异,乃集众医家心智、纳百家之长而成,是我国劳动人民智慧的结晶,在《灵枢·官针》《灵枢·九针十二原》和《灵枢·九针论》等篇中都详细记载了九针的大小形状及用途。师怀堂先生创制新九针、精于临床并积累了丰富的实践经验,形成了独特的新九针学术思想体系。师老认为要提高针灸疗效,扩大针灸治病范围,必须进行针具的改革。师老更是将新九针各种针具的治疗作用发挥到极致,毫针长于调气调神,气调神怡方能祛邪外出;火针温阳通痹,祛风寒湿;锋钩针刺血泻热,松筋活络;长针通关过节,一针透多穴;员利针针身粗大治痼疾;磁圆梅针磁针结合,疏通经脉,通则不痛;针定位点穴,九针之使;埋线针以线代针,效集多法,祛顽疗痼。     

砭石类型与形制新探

砭石在治疗疾病中的基本用途是切割痈脓和刺泻瘀血,因而在形制上需具有锋利的刃口或细长的尖锋。结合相应的考古出土实物,细石器中的砭石,主要为刮削器、尖状器和石镞。磨制石器中的砭石,按照形制和功能可以分为三大类,即用于锥刺的锥尖状砭石,如石针、石锥、石镞等;用于切割的刀镰状砭石,如石刀、石镰、石锛、石凿等;兼具切割和锥刺功能的戈矛状砭石,如石矛、石剑、玉（石）戈等。从古代文献记载的使用情况来看,其中用于锥刺的锥尖状砭石应是古代砭石的主流。有关学者提出的用于熨烫、按摩及扣击体表的砭石,并不属于古代砭石的范畴。     

古代中医针具的发明与改进

我国古代针具的发展，经历了从砭石到竹针、骨针、陶针、金属针具，从粗糙打造到精细制作，从一物多用到形殊功异、分工明确的演变过程。从材质、加工工艺、用途三方面，考察石器时代到明清时期针具发展的历史，可以展现其中所蕴含的发明创造价值。     

九针略说

《黄帝内经》是我国现存最早的一部医学典籍,其中约有半数以上的篇幅论述了针灸,其内容十分丰富,为后世针灸学的形成和发展奠定了理论基础.《灵枢·九针十二原》和《素问·针解》等篇中多处提到的“九针”,是现代所用针具的前身。对“九针”的起源和发展以及实用价值的研究,前人已经做了大量的工作.为了深入研究针灸的发展史,充分发挥针具在防治疾病中的作用及实现针具的不断更新、完     

《灵枢·九针十二原》词语校诂

结合出土文献和传世文献校诂了《灵枢·九针十二原》中的个别词语, 如"余子万民"中的"子", 认为当解释为"字"的通假字, 是"养"的意思;"令各有形, 先立针经"的"形"是指"针灸实践归纳的理论著作";"粗守关, 上守机"中"关"本义是"保护扳机的部件", "机"本义是"扳机", 在文中是比喻用法;"挂以发"中的"挂"是"挂住"之义, "发"是指"头发", "挂以发"是指"用头发挂住"。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.