藏药蕨麻对原代培养小鼠肝细胞酒精损伤保护作用研究

目的 研究藏药蕨麻对原代培养酒精损伤肝细胞的保护作用。方法 原代肝细胞经分离纯化培养后,MTT法评价藏药蕨麻对酒精损伤肝细胞存活率的影响;荧光染色法测定藏药蕨麻对酒精损伤肝细胞活性氧物质(ROS)含量、细胞内钙离子浓度的影响;流式细胞仪检测藏药蕨麻对酒精损伤肝细胞凋亡的影响;免疫印迹法检测藏药蕨麻对Bcl-2和Bax表达的影响。结果 经酒精损伤后,肝细胞存活率降低;细胞内ROS含量和钙离子浓度增高;凋亡抑制基因Bcl-2减弱、促凋亡基因Bax表达增强。藏药蕨麻可明显提高细胞存活率;降低细胞内ROS含量和钙离子浓度;改善凋亡情况,增强Bcl-2表达,抑制Bax表达,且作用呈剂量依赖性。结论 藏药蕨麻对原代培养小鼠肝细胞酒精损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

闪式提取法辅助肉豆蔻挥发油提取工艺研究及GC-MS成分分析

目的 建立闪式提取法提取肉豆蔻挥发油的工艺,并与水蒸气蒸馏法提取的挥发油进行化学成分的对比。方法 通过正交试验确定闪式提取法提取挥发油的最佳工艺,并通过肉豆蔻挥发油提取率和气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析,来确定闪式提取法的可行性。结果 闪式提取法最佳提取工艺为闪式电压105 V,闪式预处理60 s,液料比10∶1,蒸馏4 h,挥发油提取率为6.23%;闪式提取法和水蒸气蒸馏法均能分离出52个峰,水蒸气蒸馏法可鉴别出42种成分,闪式提取法可鉴别出41种成分,闪式提取法比水蒸气蒸馏法提取增加6种成分,未检测出7种成分,二者共有成分35种。结论 闪式提取法操作简单,工艺可行,重复性好,可以作为提取肉豆蔻挥发油的一种方法。     

丹参水溶性成分半仿生-生物酶提取方法比较研究

目的：优选丹参水溶性成分半仿生-生物酶提取方法。方法：以丹酚酸B、总酚酸含量和干浸膏收率为指标,以回流提取法为参照,对半仿生法、纤维素酶酶解法、α-淀粉酶酶解法、复合酶酶解法和半仿生-纤维素法、半仿生-α-淀粉酶法、半仿生-复合酶法提取法进行比较。结果：半仿生-纤维素酶法所得综合评价指标最优。结论：半仿生．纤维素酶法提取丹参水溶性成分更为科学合理。     

超声法与闪式提取法提取龙胆中龙胆苦苷的工艺对比研究

目的对比研究超声法与闪式提取法提取龙胆中龙胆苦苷的工艺。方法采用高效液相色谱法测定龙胆中龙胆苦苷的含量,超声法以乙醇浓度、提取时间、超声功率、料液比为考察因素,闪式提取法以乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间为考察因素,以龙胆苦苷提取率为考察指标,采用L9（34）正交试验优选最佳提取工艺条件。结果与超声法相比,闪式提取法效率更高,其最佳提取工艺为提取溶剂50%乙醇,料液比1∶60,提取时间3 min。结论本法工艺简单、经济、提取率高,可为中药龙胆的开发利用提供参考。     

房陵丹参有效成分提取方法比较

目的优选房陵丹参水溶性和脂溶性成分集成提取方法。方法以丹参酮ⅡA、丹酚酸B含量、总酚酸得率、干浸膏收率为指标,以回流提取法（《中华人民共和国药典》2010年版方法）为参照,对半仿生 纤维素酶法、醇水双提法、集成提取法进行比较。结果半仿生 纤维素酶法提取率最高,丹参酮ⅡA、丹酚酸B含量,总酚酸得率和干浸膏收率分别为0.068 4%,3.189 2%,13.429 6%,38.338 1%。结论半仿生酶法作为房陵丹参集成提取的方法最为科学合理。     

丹参中丹酚酸B的提取工艺研究

目的通过对提取工艺的优化,得到最优的丹参中丹酚酸B提取工艺.方法以提取物的得率及高效液相色谱法测定丹酚酸B含量为指标,通过正交实验设计考察乙醇浓度、加醇量、提取时间、温度对丹酚酸B提取工艺的影响.结果除提取时间外,其它因素对提取物得率的影响均达显著水平,而对其含量的影响以乙醇浓度和温度影响显著.综合所得试验结果得到了最佳提取工艺:溶剂添加量6倍70%乙醇,在50℃提取1h.结论通过优化后的提取工艺,可以获得较佳的丹酚酸B收率,此工艺可以作为丹参中丹酚酸B的提取工艺.     

不同提取工艺的丹参提取物在大鼠体内的药动学研究

目的研究不同提取方法所得丹参提取物中丹参酮ⅡA与丹酚酸B在大鼠体内的药动学。方法大鼠禁食12h后,分别将加热回流法、集成法、醇酸回流法和梯度渗漉法所得丹参提取物ig给予大鼠,对不同时刻血浆中的目标成分进行定量测定,绘制出各提取方法下的药时曲线并计算药动学参数。结果对于丹参酮ⅡA而言,加热回流法、集成法、梯度渗漉法和醇酸回流法所得提取物大鼠体内的Cmax分别为（0.25±0.03）、（0.35±0.06）、（0.32±0.04）、（0.24±0.02）mg/L;AUC为（101.97±12.95）、（130.46±18.83）、（128.67±16.63）、（100.11±13.76）mg.min/L。对于丹酚酸B而言,以上四种方法所得提取物在大鼠体内的Cmax分别为（7.17±0.97）、（11.98±1.75）、（10.24±1.05）、（12.16±2.08）mg/L;AUC为（697.31±80.32）、（833.41±96.53）、（719.39±102.41）、（906.96±125.87）mg.min/L。结论对定量测定和药动学参数进行统计分析,可知集成法所提取的丹参脂溶性成分和水溶性成分含量均比较高,并在体内有较好的吸收,说明该法所得的提取物中丹参酮ⅡA和丹酚酸B的质量分数较高,提取效果可能较好。     

乌蕨总黄酮提取工艺研究

目的筛选乌蕨中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺。方法采用正交试验设计，考察乙醇浓度、溶剂倍数、提取时间对总黄酮提取率的影响。采用分光光度法测定总黄酮的含量，并与水煎法、乙醇温浸法比较。结果乌蕨的乙醇回流提取法效果最好。结论乌蕨中总黄酮提取的最佳工艺条件为加15倍量65％的乙醇，回流提取2次，每次1h。     

微波辅助提取猴腿蹄盖蕨总氨基酸的工艺优化

目的:探讨利用微波提取猴腿蹄盖蕨总氨基酸的最佳工艺条件。方法:利用微波辅助法提取猴腿蹄盖蕨总氨基酸,采用紫外分光光度法进行猴腿总氨基酸的含量测定。结果:通过单因素与正交试验,得出猴腿蹄盖蕨总氨基酸的最佳提取工艺条件为:采用水提法,料液比为1:20(m/v),提取次数为2次,提取温度70-75℃,提取时间为25 min,微波提取功率为500W,最佳工艺条件下,猴腿蹄盖蕨总氨基酸的平均提取率为19.063 mg/g。结论:微波辅助提取法适用于猴腿蹄盖蕨中总氨基酸的提取,具有快速、高效的特点。     

山竹果壳中α-倒捻子素和水溶性多糖的含量测定

目的:测定山竹果壳中α-倒捻子素(α-mangostin)和水溶性多糖的含量。方法:采用闪式提取技术结合高效液相色谱法测定山竹果壳中α-倒捻子素的含量;蒽酮浓硫酸法测定水溶性多糖的含量,紫外吸收光度法测定水溶性多糖与纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)及芦丁的抗紫外线作用。结果:闪式提取技术最佳提取工艺条件下测得山竹果壳中α-倒捻子素的质量分数为6.72%;水溶性多糖的含量为6.19%。结论:闪式提取技术结合高效液相色谱法测定山竹果壳中α-倒捻子素方法简单、准确。水溶性多糖具有较好的抗紫外线辐射作用。     

HPLC determination of phenolic acids and antioxidant activity in concentrated peat extract--a natural immunomodulator

The aim of this study was to devise a method for identification and quantification of phenolic acids in concentrated peat extract samples. The simple reversed-phase HPLC method for simultaneous determination of several phenolic acids was developed. The method was validated and it was suitable for the analysis of phenolic acids in peat extracts. This method allowed identifying eight phenolic acids in peat extracts. Phenolic profiles of two samples of peat extract obtained from different medicinal peats were similar, although variations in amounts of individual phenolic acids were observed. Also, slight variations in total phenolic content were detected. The antioxidant activity of peat extracts was evaluated with spectrophotometric ABTS assay. Differences in antioxidant activity were observed for two samples of peat extract produced from different peat varieties. This differences probably reflected phenolic composition of peat extracts.     

磷钼钨酸-干酪素法测定石榴皮中总鞣质含量

目的：建立磷钼钨酸一干酪素法测定石榴皮药材中鞣质含量的方法。方法：利用磷钼钨酸与多酚类物质的显色反应,在760nm波长处,分别测定供试品溶液中的总酚和不被吸收的多酚的吸光度,采用标准曲线法,计算鞣质含量。结果：在0．01～0．001mg·ml^-1范围内,标准曲线线性关系良好（r=0．9992）,精密度和重复性较好,脚分别是0．50％和0．28％,加样回收率均为98．5％,RSD为0．35％。结论：该方法简单、准确,具有较高的选择性,可应用于不同来源的石榴皮药材检测中。     

鹅不食草总有机酸的提取与分析

目的优化鹅不食草总有机酸提取方法并测定其含量。方法分别采用超声提取法、碱提酸沉法、酸沉后有机溶剂萃取法、有机溶剂加酸水直接提取法等多种方法提取鹅不食草总有机酸,并用分光光度法测定总有机酸含量。结果碱提酸沉法为鹅不食草总有机酸最佳提取方法,总有机酸含量为67.3%。结论碱提酸沉法提取鹅不食草总有机酸的方法可行,分光光度法测定总有机酸含量简便、灵敏。     

络合量法测定三叶委陵菜鞣质含量

目的：测定中药三叶委陵菜中鞣质含量。方法：采用吕氏络合量法,并改用50%丙酮溶液直接振摇浸提替代其水蒸气抽提鞣质部分。结果：测得三叶委陵菜生药中鞣质含量为11%,略高于药典的测定结果。结论：在控制生药质量和控制质量标准时,总鞣质含量的测定方法以选用络合量法或药典法为佳。     

Phenolic acids from Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake (Caprifoliaceae)

The leaves, flowers and fruits of Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake (Caprifoliaceae) were analysed for the presence of phenolic acids. Eleven free and liberated by hydrolysis phenolic acids were identified by TLC, HPLC and spectral (UV) methods. Moreover, the HPLC method was applied for the quantitative determination of phenolic acids in the analysed fractions.     

菊花提取物中总黄酮与总有机酸的含量测定

目的建立菊花提取物总黄酮与总有机酸含量测定方法。方法采用UV法,以木犀草素为对照,在268 nm处测定菊花提取物总黄酮含量。采用硝酸铝显色反应,可见分光光度法在510 nm处测定菊花提取物总酚含量。总有机酸含量为总酚含量与总黄酮含量之差。将上述含量测定方法的结果与HPLC含量测定结果进行了比较。结果本研究方法测定菊花提取物总黄酮、总酚和总有机酸含量结果与HPLC法含量测定结果相近。采用UV法,木犀草素质量浓度在4.75～38.00 mg.L-1内,线性关系良好,相关系数为1.000 0,平均回收率为101.2%(RSD=2.3%);采用可见分光光度法,木犀草素质量浓度在1.90～30.40 mg.L-1内,线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 9,平均回收率为99.4%(RSD=2.4%)。结论该方法简便、准确、重现性好,可用于菊花提取物质量控制。不同厂家商品菊花提取物总黄酮与总有机酸含量差异较大。     

水蛭提取液中的氨基酸的HPLC测定

建立了HPLC法测定水蛭提取液中总氨基酸和游离氨基酸的含量。采用ODS柱,0.02mol/L醋酸钠溶液（pH7.20）-0.1mol/L醋酸钠溶液（pH7.20）-甲醇-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,检测波长为338nm和262nm。总氨基酸和游离氨基酸的回收率分别为97.8%和98.3%,RSD分别为1.76%和1.90%。     

Simultaneous estimation of phenolic acids in sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides) using RP-HPLC with DAD

A RP-HPLC-DAD method was developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of nine phenolic acids including gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, salicylic acid, p-coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, caffiec acid and ferulic acid in sea buckthorn (SB) (Hippophaë rhamnoides) berries and leaves. The method was validated in terms of linearity, LOD, precision, accuracy and recovery and found to be satisfactory. Phenolic acid derivatives in anatomical parts of SB berries and leaves were separated into free phenolic acids, phenolic acids bound as esters and phenolic acids bound as glycosides and profiled in HPLC. Berry pulp contained a total of 1068 mg/kg phenolic acids, of which 58.8% was derived from phenolic glycosides. Free phenolic acids and phenolic acid esters constituted 20.0% and 21.2%, respectively, of total phenolic acids in SB berry pulp. The total phenolic acid content in seed kernel (5741 mg/kg) was higher than that in berry pulp and seed coat (Table 2). Phenolic acids liberated from soluble esters constituted the major fraction of phenolic acids (57.3% of total phenolic acids) in seed kernel. 8.4% and 34.3% of total phenolic acids in seed kernel were, respectively contributed by free and phenolic acids liberated from glycosidic bonds. The total soluble phenolic acids content in seed coat (448 mg/kg) was lower than that in seed kernel and pulp (Table 2). Proportion of free phenolic acids in total phenolic acids in seed coat was higher than that in seed kernel and pulp. Phenolic acids bound as esters and glycosides, respectively contributed 49.1% and 20.3% of total phenolic acids in seed coat. The major fraction (approximately 70%) of phenolic acids in SB berries was found to be concentrated in the seeds. Gallic acid was the predominant phenolic acid both in free and bound forms in SB berry parts and leaves.     

Rapid quantification of phenolic acids in Radix Salvia Miltrorrhiza extract solutions by FT-NIR spectroscopy in transflective mode

A rapid method for simultaneous determination of main phenolic acids in Radix Salvia Miltrorrhiza extract solutions was developed using Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy in transflective mode and multivariate calibration and HPLC-UV as the reference method. Partial least squares (PLS) algorithm was conducted on the calibration of regression models. The multiplicative scatter correction, Norris derivative and second derivative were adopted for the spectral pre-processing, and the number of PLS factors were optimized by leave-one-out cross-validation. The performance of the final model was evaluated according to root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and correlation coefficient (R). The R values achieved in the prediction set were above 0.93. The developed models were used for analysis of unknown samples and routine monitoring with satisfactory results. This work demonstrated that NIR spectroscopy combined with PLS algorithm could be used for the rapid determination of the main phenolic acids of Salvia Miltrorrhiza extract solutions.     

藏药蕨麻的研究进展

目的综述传统藏药蕨麻的研究进展。方法通过查阅相关文献,从蕨麻的化学成分、营养成分、药理作用、含量测定、组方制剂等几个方面进行总结。结果蕨麻中含有多种生物活性成分和营养物质,具有心肌细胞损伤保护作用、肝损伤保护作用、抗缺氧、增强免疫等药理作用。结论蕨麻是一种具有很高营养价值及医疗、保健功能的药食两用植物,资源丰富,有着广阔的开发前景。