胎儿脊髓纵裂的产前超声诊断价值

摘　要 目的　评价产前超声对胎儿脊髓纵裂的诊断价值。 方法　回顾性分析我院产前超声拟诊6例胎儿脊髓纵裂的产前超声特征,总结胎儿期脊髓纵裂的声像图特征及伴发畸形。 结果　6例胎儿产前超声5例清晰地显示出椎管内强回声分隔,1例为椎管内无回声囊性结构;6例对应部位椎弓间距增宽并椎管扩张;5例脊髓圆锥位置下移;3例横切面可显示脊髓受压分裂为两半;1例合并开放性脊柱裂并脊髓脊膜膨出,2例合并多发半椎体并脊柱侧弯。 结论　胎儿期脊髓纵裂的典型产前超声特征是椎管内强回声并椎弓间隙增宽,常合并脊髓圆锥位置以下及其它脊柱畸形,产前超声有重要的诊断和鉴别诊断价值。     

脊髓纵裂产前超声诊断并文献回顾

目的探讨脊髓纵裂的产前超声图像特征。方法对1例怀疑椎管内肿瘤的胎儿行系统产前超声检查,超声诊断为脊髓纵裂,总结胎儿脊髓纵裂产前超声诊断特点,与引产后胎儿的高频超声、X线、MRI及病理解剖进行对比研究,并对脊髓纵裂产前诊断相关文献回顾分析。结果本例脊髓纵裂发生于胸6～9水平,椎管内可见圆形高回声占位病变,脊髓受压分成两半,于远端汇合,相应的椎弓骨化中心明显增宽。脐血染色体核型正常。本例终止妊娠后,标本行产后超声、X线照片、MRI检查及病理解剖,证实产前超声诊断。结论脊髓纵裂有特征性超声表现,产前超声可作出诊断。     

超声在胎儿脊髓纵裂中的诊断价值

正脊髓纵裂是一种少见的神经管畸形,既往主要研究儿童及成人脊髓纵裂的放射影像学表现,而胎儿期脊髓纵裂的超声表现的相关性研究文献报道较少。本组通过总结分析我院产前超声诊断的6例脊髓纵裂胎儿的影像学表现,以提高产前超声医师对该病的认识。资料与方法一、临床资料选取2015年6月至2020年1月我院经引产后经影像学或病理解剖证实的脊髓纵裂胎儿6例,孕19～31周,平均(24.0±2.1)周;孕妇年龄19～41岁,平均(28.0±2.3)岁。其中4例孕妇同意取引产胎儿组织进行染色体核型分析。本研究经我院医     

胎儿蛛网膜下腔出血产前超声诊断新方法

目的探讨胎儿蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）的产前超声诊断策略与方法。 方法以2018年1月至2020年12月南方医科大学附属深圳市妇幼保健院就诊并经超声、磁共振检查确诊的5例SAH胎儿为研究对象,系统分析总结胎儿SAH的产前超声诊断方法及典型特征。 结果5例SAH胎儿产前超声声像图典型表现：（1）大脑外侧裂内均匀高回声5例。（2）额下沟、颞上沟、顶枕沟等表面脑沟回声均匀增强4例。（3）鞍上池、环池、帆间池等脑池内回声均匀增强3例。（4）前、后纵裂,矢状窦,窦汇周围回声增强2例。（5）脊髓圆锥周围蛛网膜下腔增厚强回声1例。（6）SAH出血灶合并颅内其他部位,引起脑实质或脑室内出血4例。（7）大脑中动脉血流峰值流速增高4例。（8）彩色多普勒血流成像显示出血灶内无血流信号5例。 结论胎儿SAH大脑外侧裂有典型均匀高回声表现,是产前超声发现并诊断胎儿SAH的重要线索,继续扫查大脑表面脑沟及脑池等有无均匀高回声表现以及寻找颅内及其他部位有无出血灶,是鉴别SAH有无合并其他颅内出血可靠的诊断思路。     

尾部退化综合征的产前超声诊断价值分析

目的探讨产前超声诊断胎儿尾部退化综合征的应用价值。方法回顾性分析于我院产前超声拟诊6例胎儿尾部退化综合征的临床资料及产前超声特征,总结声像图特征及伴发畸形,并与MRI检查结果对照。结果 6例胎儿均表现出不同程度的腰、骶尾部脊椎缺失,5例末节椎体位于腰椎,1例末节椎体位于骶椎;合并双下肢肌肉菲薄并姿势异常4例、单脐动脉2例、脊髓圆锥低位1例、内脏异构综合征1例,其中2例双下肢持续呈"盘曲状",2例持续呈"僵直状"。6例胎儿产前行MRI检查,全部提示尾部退化综合征。结论尾部退化综合征的产前典型声像图特征是不同程度的腰、骶尾部脊椎缺失,常常合并双下肢异常。产前超声可以较详细的评估病变程度,明确病变位置,诊断价值较高。     

MRI在胎儿脊柱脊髓畸形诊断中的应用及序列选择

目的 探讨MRI在胎儿脊髓脊柱畸形诊断中的价值及序列选择。方法 回顾性分析产前超声筛查疑诊胎儿脊柱脊髓异常且48小时内行MRI针对性脊柱检查30例胎儿资料，并分别与产后（生产或引产）6个月内的随访结果（影像、手术或尸检）对照， 对比MRI与超声诊断符合率及不同病变的MRI序列选择。 结果 阴性7例，椎体畸形（裂椎、半椎体、分隔不全、骶尾椎发育不全）15例，脊髓低位5例，脊髓脊膜膨出3例，脊髓空洞1例，脊髓纵裂2例，其中脊柱脊髓复合畸形4例，伴单侧肾积水1例。产前MRI诊断与随访结果完全一致，产前超声漏诊椎体畸形2例，漏诊脊髓低位4例，漏诊脊膜膨出、脊髓空洞及纵裂各1例。结论 MRI Haste及Trufi在显示胎儿脊髓及椎管内异常中有较高的准确性，而SWI对显示椎体畸形有独特价值。     

产前超声定位胎儿脊髓圆锥的临床意义

目的 探讨产前超声定位胎儿脊髓圆锥的临床意义.方法 回顾分析产前超声诊断胎儿显性脊柱裂10例、隐性脊柱裂2例、骶尾部畸胎瘤4例、腰骶管内脊膜囊肿1例及98例正常胎儿的相关超声资料,总结其声图像特征,并与产后超声或尸检结果对照.结果 (1)显性脊柱裂脊髓脊膜膨出型均显示脊髓圆锥低位;(2)显性脊柱裂单纯脊膜膨出型和隐性脊柱裂脊髓圆锥位置可以正常,也可以低位;(3)骶尾部畸胎瘤、腰骶管内脊膜囊肿及正常对照组均表现脊髓圆锥位置正常.结论 产前超声定位脊髓圆锥能为胎儿脊柱相关疾病是否并脊髓栓系、以及非脊柱裂脊柱区相关疾病的产前诊断提供有价值的信息.     

产前超声诊断胎儿持续性右脐静脉合并畸形的应用价值

目的:探讨产前超声诊断胎儿持续性右脐静脉合并畸形的应用价值.方法:对我院产前超声诊断持续性右脐静脉合并畸形的胎儿超声声像图表现进行总结分析.结果:64例持续性右脐静脉胎儿中产前超声检查48例胎儿未合并畸形,孕妇均正常分娩,新生儿健康;合并结构畸形的胎儿16例,畸形检出率25.0％(16/64).其中心脏异常6例,骨骼及肢体异常5例,神经系统异常、胸部异常各3例、消化系统异常2例,颜面部异常1例、泌尿生殖系统异常1例;合并畸形种类以单发多见,畸形部位以心脏、骨骼及肢体异常为主.结论:产前超声检查是早期发现持续性右脐静脉胎儿及合并畸形的首要方法,具有重要临床意义.     

63例闭合性脊柱裂胎儿的超声诊断价值分析

目的总结闭合性脊柱裂的产前超声表现及分类,提高产前诊断闭合性脊柱裂的准确率。方法回顾性研究河南省妇幼保健院产前诊断中心产前诊断为闭合性脊柱裂的63例胎儿声像图表现,并与其磁共振成像对比,尸解或手术结果对比,分析其声像图特点。结果产前诊断的63例闭合性脊柱裂,经证实5例为有包块型闭合性脊柱裂,其中脊膜膨出2例,脂肪脊髓脊膜膨出2例,脂肪脊髓裂1例;54例为无包块型闭合性脊柱裂,其中脊髓纵裂36例,终丝脂肪瘤1例,皮毛窦4例,尾端退化综合征13例;1例为脊膜膨出合并脊髓纵裂;1例为开放性脊柱裂合并脊髓纵裂;1例为开放性脊柱裂;1例为尿直肠隔畸形序列征。结论借助超声检查可以有效鉴别有包块型和无包块型闭合性脊柱裂,为明确产前诊断、进行宫内治疗及优生优育提供有效的参考依据。     

胎儿体蒂异常的超声诊断

目的 探讨胎儿体蒂异常的声像图特征和产前超声对其的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析7例经产前超声检查诊断为体蒂异常的胎儿声像图特点.结果 7例胎儿体蒂异常均表现为前腹壁巨大缺损、脊柱明显弯曲、脐带过短、胎儿紧贴胎盘,其中3例合并胸壁缺损,2例表现有下肢畸形,6例小于孕20周的胎儿有颈部皮肤增厚表现.结论 产前超声诊断对胎儿体...     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Modified micro-superior percutaneously-assisted total hip: early experiences & case reports

Because of the extensile nature and familiarity of the standard posterior-lateral approach to the hip, a family of "micro-posterior" approaches has been developed. This family includes the Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (PATH) approach, the Supercapsular (SuperCap) approach and a newer hybrid approach, the Supercapsular Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (SuperPATH) approach. Such approaches should ideally provide a continuum for the surgeon: from a "micro" (external rotator sparing) posterior approach, to a "mini" (external rotator sacrificing) posterior approach, to a standard posterior approach. This could keep a surgeon within his comfort zone during the learning curve of the procedure, while leaving options for complicated reconstructions for the more practiced micro-posterior surgeons. This paper details one author's experiences utilizing this combined approach, as well as permutations of this entire micro-posterior family of approaches as applied to more complex hip reconstructions.