急性冠状动脉综合征血清缺血修饰白蛋白的动态变化

目的:探讨血清缺血修饰白蛋白(IMA)对急性冠状动脉综合征早期的诊断价值。方法:将56例急性冠状动脉综合征患者分为三组,不稳定性心绞痛组(n=25),ST抬高心肌梗死组(n=20),非ST抬高心肌梗死组(n=11),另选50例健康体检者为正常对照组。分别于胸痛发作2、4、6、12及24 h抽血检测56例急性冠状动脉综合征患者的血清缺血修饰白蛋白、肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnI)、肌酸激酶MB同工酶(CK-MB),分析缺血修饰白蛋白对急性冠状动脉综合征的诊断价值。结果:在急性冠状动脉综合征患者中缺血修饰白蛋白水平于胸痛发作2小时已明显增高并达高峰,4小时仍持续增高,明显高于正常对照组(P<0．01),6小时降至正常。而CK-MB、cTnI水平在胸痛发作4小时开始增高,6小时明显增高,以后逐步递增并在24小时达高峰。不稳定型心绞痛、ST抬高的心肌梗死、非ST抬高的心肌梗死三组中,缺血修饰白蛋白水平升高以不稳定型心绞痛组最明显。结论:缺血修饰白蛋白是诊断急性冠状动脉综合征的早期敏感指标,是目前唯一的诊断心肌缺血的生化标志物。     

从益气活血法论治急性冠脉综合征

急性冠脉综合征（ACS）是一组有芡急性心肌缺血的临床表现总称，是由心肌的急性严重缺血甚至坏死导致的一系列疾病谱组成，包括不稳定型心绞痛、非ST段抬高型心肌梗死和ST段抬高型心肌梗死以及心源性猝死。     

碎裂QRS波在急性冠脉综合征诊断中的价值

目的探讨碎裂QRS波(fQRS)在急性冠脉综合征的诊断价值。方法选取159例急性冠脉综合征患者,根据是否存在fQRS进行分组,分析fQRS对不稳定型心绞痛,非ST段抬高型及ST段抬高型心肌梗死的诊断价值。结果 fQRS波诊断ST段抬高型和非ST段抬高型心肌梗死的敏感度分别为47.5%和35.4%,仅3.75%不稳定型心绞痛患者出现fQRS。结论 fQRS可作为急性心肌梗死的诊断指标。     

缺血修饰白蛋白在急性心肌缺血中的应用

目的:探讨缺血修饰白蛋白(IMA)在急性心肌缺血早期诊断、缺血严重程度、心肌坏死程度等方面的应用。方法:通过白蛋白钴结合试验,检测80例急性心肌缺血病人[包括稳定型心绞痛(SA)20例、不稳定型心绞痛(UA)21例、急性心肌梗死(AMI)早期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗组(PCI)21例、AMI择期PCI组18例]心肌缺血6h内及20例正常对照者的血清IMA水平,结合患者临床资料进行分析。结果:(1)与正常对照组相比,SA、UA、AMI早期PCI、AMI择期PCI组血清IMA均升高,为(65.59&#177;32.08)、(93.55&#177;24.23)、(122.78&#177;60.47)、(146.46&#177;40.39)、(145.44&#177;51.87)U/ml,P均&lt;0.05;(2)根据心电图ST段抬高或压低是否≥0.1mV将SA、UA组病人分为两组,血清IMA水平分别为:(84.49&#177;17.05)、(147.54&#177;41.51)U/ml,P=0.023;(3)UA组与AMI早期PCI、AMI择期PCI组分别比较,IAM水平无统计学差异。结论:IMA对于急性心肌缺血具有早期诊断意义,并可评估心绞痛病人的缺血严重程度,但IMA不是诊断AMI良好指...     

缺血性修饰白蛋白在急性冠脉综合征患者中的改变及临床意义

目的观察缺血修饰白蛋白(IMA)在急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者中的变化及临床意义。方法选择本院166例ACS患者,其中不稳定型心绞痛(UA)68例,ST段抬高急性心肌梗死(STEMI)56例,非ST段抬高心肌梗死(NSTE-MI)42例,在入院后30min内采静脉血检测其IMA水平,并与40例正常对照组进行比较分析。结果 ACS组血清IMA水平显著高于对照组[(69.71±11.56)U/ml vs(42.91±7.54)U/ml,P<0.01],STEMI组均显著高于UA组[(76.27±11.91)U/ml vs(65.05±9.25)U/ml,P<0.01]和NSTEMI组[(76.27±11.91)U/ml vs(68.53±10.56)U/ml,P<0.01],血清IMA水平与年龄无相关性(ACS组r=-0.07,对照组r=-0.11,两组联合r=-0.05;均P>0.05),对照组IMA的阴性率为100%,ACS患者中阳性预测值为100%,阳性率为89.2%,其在UA、STEMI和NSTEMI组中的阳性率分别为97.10%、85.70%和81.00%,本组中阴性预测值为69%。结论血清IMA显著升高对诊断ACS有一定的临床价值。     

急性冠脉综合征诊断

急性冠脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)是与急性冠状脉缺血相关的一组临床综合征.根据心电图ST段的表现分为ST段抬高型和非ST段抬高型.ST段抬高型即ST段抬高性心肌梗死,非ST段抬高型又分为不稳定性心绞痛和非ST段抬高性心肌梗死.……     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗急性冠脉综合征围手术期的抗凝现况与进展

急性冠脉综合征(ACS)是由于冠状动脉(冠脉)粥样硬化斑块的形成及其破裂、糜烂或出血引起凝血级联反应的激活以及血小板黏附、聚集,最终形成冠脉内血栓,冠脉狭窄或完全闭塞,导致急性心肌缺血的临床综合征[1].临床类型上包括急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)、急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)及不稳定型心绞痛(U...     

用血浆BNP质量浓度评价非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征病人心肌缺血的程度

近期研究表明血浆BNP质量浓度在稳定型心绞痛、心肌梗死、心力衰竭的病人中升高,为探索该指标是否可作为评估心肌缺血的独立指标,Eui-youngchoi等人比较了非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征病人与稳定型心绞痛患者血浆BNP质量浓度,而且还运用心脏超声、冠脉造影、心肌酶几项方法分析非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征病人血浆     

中医药对急性冠脉综合征C反应蛋白影响的研究进展

急性冠脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)涵盖了从不稳定型心绞痛(UA)、急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)到ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)的一系列临床病理状态.     

急性心肌梗死的治疗进展

急性冠脉综合征(ACS)是近年来提出的新概念,按ST段抬高与否,分为ST段抬高及非ST段抬高的ACS.ST段抬高的ACS主要演变为Q波型急性心肌梗死(AMI),非ST段抬高的ACS主要演变为非Q波型心肌梗死和不稳定型心绞痛两大类.     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

CagA-Hp抗体IgG与胃炎的组织学分析

研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与胃炎的关系。方法对204例慢性胃炎患者胃粘膜进行观察分析,并测定其中137例Hp阳性患者血清CagA-Hp抗体IgG水平,与组织学对照。结果慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生患者血清CagA抗体IgG明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);其他类型胃炎患者血清CagA抗体IgG水平无明显增高(P＞0.05)。结论CagA-Hp可能是导致慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的因素之一,对这类患者应密切随访观察。     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

慢阻肺急性加重期患者预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者预后的相关危险因素。方法回顾性调查、收集58例AECOPD患者可能影响其预后的相关因素,并对其分别进行单因素分析。并进行Logistic多元逐步回归进行多因素分析,筛选影响AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素。结果单因素分析后将结果 P0.1的因素纳入多因素Logistic回归,分析发现是否合并呼吸衰竭、气促程度、白细胞计数、APACHEⅡ、应用抗氧化剂、慢阻肺治疗依从性为影响AECOPD患者预后不佳的独立因素(P0.05)。结论根据AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素,及早判断,选择合适的后续治疗方案,对提高其生存率及生存质量具有重要意义。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Results of treatment of fistula-in-ano

To evaluate the application of Parks' classification in the management of patients with fistula-in-ano, a study was undertaken to assess the outcome of surgery, especially with respect to the recurrence rate and alteration of continence. A retrospective analysis of 160 consecutive patients who were classified at the time of operation was conducted. The distribution of fistulas was as follows: intersphincteric, 41.9 percent, transsphincteric, 52.1 percent, suprasphincteric, 1.3 percent, extrasphincteric, 0. A horseshoe extension occurred in 8.8 percent of the fistulas and 3.8 percent did not exactly conform to the classification as they were either complex or combinations of more than one type of fistula. The sole immediate postoperative complication was bleeding, which occurred one week postoperatively and ceased spontaneously (0.7 percent). Alteration in continence occurred in 6 percent of patients with 2.6 percent experiencing temporary incontinence to flatus, 1.3 percent to liquid stool, and 0.7 percent to solid stool. Permanent loss of control for flatus occurred in one patient (0.7 percent) and for liquid stool in one patient (0.7 percent). No patients suffered loss of control for solid stool. Recurrence developed in 6.3 percent of patients, all between five and 25 months postoperatively. Classifcation was found to be a useful guide in the operative management of patients with fistula-in-ano. Read at the joint meeting of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons with the Section of Colo-Proctology, Royal Society of Medicine, and the Section of Colonic and Rectal Surgery, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 6 to 11, 1984.