2005年鄂州市医疗机构消毒监测结果分析

为了解鄂州市各级医疗机构消毒灭菌工作状况，指导医疗机构规范化开展消毒灭菌工作，于2005年4月15日～5月30日对鄂州市12家医疗机构消毒灭菌效果进行监测，现将结果报道如下。     

老河口市医疗机构消毒质量监测结果分析

消毒灭菌工作是预防病原体从病人或带菌者或医疗器械等传染给他人的重要措施。加强消毒灭菌质量管理是控制医疗机构感染发生的重要环节。为了解老河口市医疗机构消毒灭菌质量,更好地贯彻执行《消毒管理办法》,于2010年4月对115家医疗机构消毒质量状况进行了现场监测。     

2011—2013年西安市各级医疗机构消毒灭菌质量监测

目的了解西安市属各级医疗机构消毒灭菌质量现状,加强医院消毒工作的监督管理,以改进医疗机构消毒灭菌水平与感染控制措施。 方法依据2002年版《消毒技术规范》和GB 15982－1995《医院消毒卫生标准》相关规定,对全市69所医疗机构的消毒灭菌效果进行监测与评价。结果2011-2013年共检测样品2 224份,消毒灭菌质量合格1 766份,总合格率为79.41％。消毒灭菌质量监测中,三级医疗机构合格率（83.67％）高于二级及以下医疗机构（77.50％）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.001）;公立医疗机构（79.64％）合格率与民营医疗机构合格率（78.20％）差异无统计学意义（P=0.532）;综合医疗机构合格率（80.18％）高于专科医疗机构（74.92％）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.030)。不同监测对象（样品）中,使用中消毒剂和压力蒸汽灭菌效果（测试包和PCD）合格率（分别为98.46%、100.00%、98.06%）较高,医护人员手卫生和戊二醛合格率（分别为58.48%和43.28%）较低。结论西安市各级医疗机构消毒灭菌质量水平参差不齐,不同监测对象消毒灭菌质量差异较大,应重点加强医务人员手卫生和戊二醛浓度的监管工作。     

2004年象州县医疗机构消毒工作质量分析

为了解象州县各级医疗机构消毒灭菌工作质量,我们于2004年8月对全县138家医疗机构的消毒工作质量进行监测,现将结果报告如下。     

上海市虹口区医疗机构消毒灭菌质量分析

<正>为了解近5年来上海市虹口区医疗机构消毒与灭菌质量的状况,掌握不同消毒灭菌环节的质量变化趋势,找出医疗机构消毒与灭菌工作的薄弱点,杜绝院内感染的发生,并为相关技术标准规范的修改提供一定的区域数据,我们对虹口区2006—2010年医疗机构的消毒与灭菌情况进行了检测分析,现将结果报告如下。1对象与方法1.1对象2006—2010年对虹口区医疗机构(5年中波动在29～34家)的灭菌消毒设备灭菌消毒效果,使用中消     

一起口腔诊疗器械灭菌失败的个案调查

目的了解某基层医疗机构口腔诊疗器械灭菌失败的原因,探讨解决措施。方法通过现场观察、个人访谈等方法开展调查。结果该基层医疗机构使用小型压力蒸汽灭菌器进行复用医疗器械灭菌,本次灭菌失败的直接原因为灭菌物品装载过量。该基层医疗机构未开展消毒灭菌操作人员岗前及岗中培训、未开展有效的内部自查工作是导致灭菌失败事件发生且未能主动发现的重要原因。结论应采取多种措施,督促基层医疗机构提高消毒灭菌自身管理水平,包括:加强培训指导提高基层医疗机构的消毒灭菌管理工作主体责任意识;建设多元化培训平台,为基层医疗机构消毒灭菌工作人员的专业培训提供便利条件;定期开展外部监督,监督医疗机构落实内部自查制度。     

云南省级医疗机构两年消毒灭菌效果监测与分析

[目的]了解云南省级医疗机构消毒灭菌工作现状,以提高医疗机构消毒灭菌工作质量,降低医院感染发生率。[方法]连续两年对28家医疗机构的空气、医护人员手、物体表面等方面的消毒灭菌效果进行监测。[结果]两年累计监测1660件样品,总体合格率为93.4%。无菌器械合格率最高(100%),合格率较低的为紫外灯辐照强度、使用中戊二醛含量和空气,分别为85.2%、86.2%和86.4%。2010年合格率较2009年有所上升。[结论]应积极采取综合措施,加强医院消毒灭菌管理工作,认真落实各项消毒灭菌制度,切实做好医院消毒灭菌工作。     

巢湖市医疗机构消毒质量监测结果分析

目的研究巢湖市医疗机构消毒灭菌工作状况,为消毒管理工作提供依据。方法按照《医院消毒卫生标准》和《消毒与灭菌的评价方法与标准》规定的方法进行采样监测。结果市、县、厂矿医疗机构消毒监测总合格率分别为90.60%,81.60%,70.5.%,市级与县级、厂矿医疗机构总合格率差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。各类监测样本中空气中细菌含量合格率最低（33.33%）。结论应进一步加强医疗机构特别是县级和厂矿医疗机构消毒质量的管理,重点为空气消毒和压力蒸汽灭菌。     

大化县医疗卫生单位消毒灭菌效果监测

为了解我县医疗机构的消毒状况，加强对医疗市场消毒灭菌工作的监督和管理，控制医源性感染事故的发生．从而有针对性的对医疗机构消毒灭菌工作进行指导。我站于2002年5～7月对辖区内3所县直医疗单位，20所乡镇卫生院（含厂矿医务所），133所个体诊所进行消毒灭菌效果监测，现将监测结果报告如下：     

安徽省直医疗机构2008年内镜消毒灭菌效果监测报告

内镜是临床上应用广泛、可靠的诊断工具。其功能不断强大,组件繁多,应用频繁,内镜的消毒灭菌工作是安全诊疗的重要环节。为了解2008年安徽省直医疗机构内镜的消毒灭菌情况,现对安徽省直医疗机构内镜消毒灭菌效果监测情况报告如下。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.