成人颅内感染性疾病脑脊液检测指标变化的研究

目的观察成人颅内感染性疾病患者脑脊液中白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、超敏C反应蛋白(high sensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)、降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、乳酸脱氢酶(lactic dehydrogenase,LDH)、腺苷脱氨酶(adenosine deaminase,ADA)、胆碱酯酶(cholinesterase,CHE)、谷草转氨酶(glutamic oxalacetic transaminase,AST/GOT)水平的变化,并探讨其临床意义。方法选取郑州大学第二附属医院2015-01—2018-06收治的120例患者,A组为30例化脓性脑膜炎患者,B组为28例病毒性脑膜炎患者,C组为22例结核性脑膜炎患者,D组为40例无颅内感染的患者。检测脑脊液IL-6、hs-CRP、PCT、LDH、ADA、CHE、AST水平,比较4组检测指标。结果 A、B、C组分别与D组相比,A组脑脊液hs-CRP、PCT、ADA水平明显高于D组,差异有统计学意义(P0. 05); B组脑脊液hs-CRP、PCT、ADA水平与D组相比,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05); C组脑脊液ADA水平明显高于D组,差异有统计学意义(P0. 05); PCT、hs-CRP水平与D组相比,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05); A、B、C组IL-6、LDH、CHE、AST水平均明显高于D组,差异有统计学意义(P0. 05)。结论成人化脓性脑膜炎患者脑脊液中IL-6、hs-CRP、PCT、LDH、ADA、CHE、AST水平明显升高,对化脓性脑膜炎患者具有较高的早期诊断价值; ADA可作为结核性脑膜炎的鉴别诊断指标。     

脑脊液CFP-10和Ag85检测对结核性脑膜炎的诊断价值

研究背景结核性脑膜炎的早期诊断目前仍是临床难点,寻找结核性脑膜炎早期特异性诊断指标是目前研究热点。本文主要探讨脑脊液培养分泌蛋白10(CFP10)和Ag85蛋白复合物表达水平对结核性脑膜炎的临床诊断价值。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验分别检测结核性脑膜炎(30例)、非结核性颅内感染(27例)和对照(29例)受试者脑脊液CFP10和Ag85蛋白复合物表达水平。结果结核性脑膜炎组患者脑脊液CFP10和Ag85中位表达水平分别为0.74和1.10pg/ml,均高于非结核性颅内感染组[(0.02±0.01)、(0.54±0.10)pg/ml]和对照组[(0.02±0.01)、(0.52±0.11)pg/ml],组间差异有统计学意义(H=60.958,P=0.000;H=57.972,P=0.000)。非结核性颅内感染组与对照组之间差异无统计学意义(t=1.128,P=0.253;t=0.980,P=0.329)。结论结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液CFP10和Ag85蛋白复合物表达水平高于非结核性颅内感染患者和对照者,检测这两项实验室指标的变化可协助结核性脑膜炎的早期诊断。     

脑膜炎患者脑脊液中肿瘤坏死因子α、乳酸脱氢酶及其同工酶检测的临床意义

目的 探讨脑膜炎患者脑脊液(CSF)中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及其同工酶检测的临床意义.方法 收集53例化脓性脑膜炎患者(化脑组)、58例病毒性脑膜炎患者(病脑组)、49例结核性脑膜炎患者(结脑组)、60例非神经系统感染性疾病患者(对照组)的CSF样本,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定TNF-α水平,采用酶测速率法测定LDH的活性,采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳法测定LDH同工酶含量,并进行比较.结果 3组脑膜炎患者CSF TNF-α含量明显高于对照组[(25.64±20.08)pg/L],其中化脑组[(462.24±368.13)pg/L]明显高于病脑组[(73.47±68.74)pg/L]及结脑组[(62.97+40.58)pg/L](均P＜0.01),病脑组与结脑组间差异无统计学意义.化脑组CSF LDH水平[(201.37±148.06)U/L]显著高于其他各组(均P＜0.01),结脑组[(170.32±86.45)U/L]明显高于病脑组[(79.54±43.71)U/L](P＜0.01);但病脑组[(79.54±43.71)U/L]与对照组[(64.56±49.68)U/L]间差异无统计学意义.化脑组LDH4[(22.83±2.08)U/L]、LDH5[(35.26±2.18)U/L]明显高于其他各组,LDH1[(7.84±1.15)U/L]、LDH2[(13.01±1.46)U/L]明显低于其他各组(均P＜0.01);结脑组LDH3[(29.48±3.24)U/L]较对照组[(16.13±3.95)U/L]明显升高(P＜0.01);而病脑组同工酶谱与对照组比较差异无统计学意义.结论 CSF中TNF-α、LDH及LDH同工酶水平检测有助于不同类型脑膜炎的鉴别诊断.     

小儿脑膜炎患者脑脊液IGF-Ⅱ IGFBP-3水平的测定及意义

目的测定小儿脑膜炎患者脑脊液中胰岛素样生长因子Ⅱ(IGF?Ⅱ)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGFBP-3)水平变化,探讨其临床意义,为疾病鉴别诊断提供依据。方法选取2006-03—2014-03于我院儿科收治的脑膜炎患儿75例为研究对象,化脓性脑膜炎25例,病毒性脑膜炎25例,结核性脑膜炎25例,另选取于我院同期进行体检的健康儿童25例为对照组。对所有研究对象进行腰椎穿刺术提取脑脊液,用于脑脊液生化检测,观察并比较小儿脑脊液中IGF?Ⅱ、IGFBP-3水平变化情况。结果与对照组比较,化脓性脑膜炎组、病毒性脑膜炎组、结核性脑膜炎组患儿脑脊液IGF?Ⅱ、IGFBP-3水平均明显升高,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);经治疗后,化脓性脑膜炎组、病毒性脑膜炎组、结核性脑膜炎组患儿脑脊液IGF?Ⅱ、IGFBP-3水平较治疗前明显下降,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);化脓性脑膜炎组与对照组、病毒性脑膜炎组、结核性脑膜炎组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对小儿脑膜炎患者进行脑脊液IGF?Ⅱ、IGFBP-3水平的测定,能够为不明类型的脑膜炎鉴别诊断提供依据。     

脑脊液ESAT-6和干扰素-γ检测对结核性脑膜炎的诊断价值

目的探讨脑脊液早期分泌抗原靶-6（ESAT-6）和干扰素-γ表达水平变化对结核性脑膜炎的临床诊断价值。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验分别检测结核性脑膜炎（21例）、非结核性脑膜炎颅内感染（28例）和正常对照者（32例）脑脊液ESAT-6和干扰素-γ表达水平。结果结核性脑膜炎组患者脑脊液ESAT-6和干扰素-γ平均表达水平分别为4.46 pg/ml[（2.20～10.55）pg/ml]和34.86 ng/L[（25.62～241.71）ng/L],均明显高于非结核性脑膜炎颅内感染组[（1.18±0.49）pg/ml、（12.00±3.37）ng/L]和正常对照组[（1.05±0.47）pg/ml、（14.58±3.46）ng/L],差异具有统计学意义（H=35.695,P=0.000;H=31.560,P=0.000）。非结核性脑膜炎颅内感染组与正常对照组之间差异无统计学意义（t=1.226,P=0.226;t=0.060,P=0.952）。Spearman秩相关分析显示,结核性脑膜炎组患者ESAT-6水平与干扰素-γ水平呈正相关(r_?=1.000,P=0.000)。结论结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液ESAT-6和干扰素-γ表达水平明显高于非结核性脑膜炎颅内感染和正常对照者,检测这两项实验室指标的变化可协助结核脑膜炎的诊断,月.两项指标之间具有一定相关性。     

腺苷脱氨酶检测在脑脊液中的应用价值

目的探讨腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)检测在脑积液(CSF)中的诊断意义。方法采用比色法检测3组病例(结核性脑膜炎组40例,病毒性脑膜炎组43例,化脓性脑膜炎组40例)CSF中ADA活性水平。结果研究发现结核性脑膜炎组CSF中ADA活性水平明显升高,与病毒性脑膜炎组和化脓性脑膜炎组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),并且发现病毒性脑膜炎组与化脓性脑膜炎组CSF中ADA活性水平也有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论说明检测CSF中ADA活性水平对于鉴别结核性脑膜炎、病毒性脑膜炎和化脓性脑膜炎有一定的诊断价值。     

IL-8、 MMP-9、 INF-γ的检测对结核性脑膜炎及病毒性脑膜炎发病的意义

目的 探讨脑脊液中白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、干扰素-γ(INF-γ)含量的检测对结核性脑膜炎及病毒性脑膜炎的临床诊断价值. 方法 选取解放军总医院、解放军第三0九医院自2010年8月至2011年11月住院的患者,其中结核性脑膜炎组20例,病毒性脑膜炎组15例,非感染性神经系统疾病组20例.用ELISA法检测3组患者脑脊液IL-8、MMP-9、INF-γ含量,并进行比较分析. 结果 结核性脑膜炎组患者脑脊液中IL-8、MMP-9、INF-γ的含量高于病毒性脑膜炎组和非感染性神经系统疾病组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).病毒性脑膜炎组患者脑脊液中IL-8、MMP-9含量高于非感染性神经系统组(P＜0.05).病毒性脑膜炎组患者脑脊液中INF-γ含量与非感染性神经系统疾病组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 结论 脑脊液中IL-8、MMP-9、INF-γ含量的检测对结核性脑膜炎具有一定的辅助诊断意义.IL-8、MMP-9在病毒性脑膜炎的发病和进展中亦起到一定作用.临床上若在患者脑脊液中检测到高水平的INF-γ,较之IL-8、MMP-9对于结核性脑膜炎更具诊断价值.     

脑脊液降钙素原及C反应蛋白的检测对颅脑疾病的诊断价值

目的 探讨脑脊液降钙素原(Procalcitonin,PCT)及C反应蛋白(C-reactiveprotein,CRP)对颅脑疾病的诊断价值。方法 收集安阳市人民医院2015-06—2016-06收治的78例颅脑损伤患者为观察组,并选取同时段的健康体检者78例为对照组,通过酶联免疫法(ELISA法)检测2组脑脊液PCT、CRP含量,分析颅脑损伤患者脑脊液PCT、CRP水平与损伤程度及预后的关系。结果 观察组PCT(11.30±1.25)μg/L、CRP(8.90±0.38)mg/L,较对照组的PCT(3.09±0.65)μg/L、(1.20±0.20)mg/L均明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);将GCS评分方法与影像学检查相结合,观察组轻度29例,中度32例,重度17例;PCT、CR含量提高,颅脑损伤程度更为严重,颅脑损伤脑脊液内PCT、CRP水平与发病程度具有正相关性(r0,P0.05);病毒性脑炎组、细菌性脑膜炎组、结核性脑膜炎组、脑出血组PCT对比均无显著差异(P0.05)。脑出血组CRP水平与其他3组对比差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);细菌性脑膜炎组CRP水平与病毒性脑炎组、结核性脑膜炎组对比,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 PCT与CRP对颅脑损伤具有一定的诊断价值,病情越严重,PCT、CRP水平越高,脑脊液PCT、CRP水平与颅脑疾病发病程度具有正相关性,但降钙素原在常见颅脑疾病中的脑脊液含量并无显著意义。     

结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液CD64 Cys-C及ADA水平的检测意义

目的分析结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液中性粒细胞表面膜糖蛋白(CD64)、血清胱抑素C(Cys-C)及腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)水平的检测意义。方法选取我院193例住院患者为对象,结核性脑膜炎102例,化脓性脑膜炎35例,病毒性脑膜炎30例,非感染性神经系统疾病26例,免疫透射比浊法检测4组Cys-C、流式细胞术检测CD64、酶标法检测ADA,比较4组CD64、Cys-C及ADA水平,并比较单一指标检测与联合检查结核性脑膜炎的诊断符合率。结果结核性脑膜炎患者Cys-C、ADA、CD64均显著高于非感染性神经系统疾病患者(P0.05),结核性脑膜炎组、化脓性脑膜炎组、病毒性脑膜炎组3项指标呈递减趋势,病毒性脑膜炎与非感染性神经系统疾病组CD64、Cys-C比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),结核性脑膜炎组与化脓性脑膜炎组Cys-C比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),其他组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);Cys-C、ADA、CD64诊断符合率分别为78.43%、60.73%、70.59%,联合诊断符合率98.04%,显著高于单一诊断。结论 CD64、Cys-C及ADA均为结核性脑膜炎的有效检测指标,联合检查有助于提高结核性脑膜炎的诊断准确率及与其他类型脑膜炎的鉴别,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

结核性与化脓性脑膜炎的脑脊液生化指标鉴别诊断

目的研究脑脊液生化指标在结核性脑膜炎和化脓性脑膜炎鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法选择我院收治的102例结核性脑膜炎患者(结脑组)及89例化脓性脑膜炎患者(化脑组)为研究对象。对全部患者血浆及脑脊液中的蛋白、糖、氯化物和腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)进行检测。同时,对脑脊液与血浆中的蛋白、糖、氯化物和ADA比值进行计算并比较。结果结脑组脑脊液检测中,氯化物水平显著低于化脑组(P0.01),ADA水平显著高于化脑组(P0.01);结脑组血浆检测中,蛋白及氯化物水平显著低于化脑组(P0.01),ADA水平显著高于化脑组(P0.01);结脑组脑脊液与血浆生化指标比值中,蛋白及ADA的比值显著高于化脑组(P0.05),氯化物的比值显著低于化脑组(P0.01)。结论脑脊液中氯化物和ADA水平及脑脊液和血浆中蛋白、ADA及氯化物的比值对结核性脑膜炎和化脓性脑膜炎的早期鉴别诊断具有一定的价值。     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Summary of legislation of 1935 of interest to the department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -     

Summary of legislation of 1941 of interest to the Department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -     

Asymmetry of on- and off-pathways of blue-sensitive cones of the retina of macaques

Macaque retinal ganglion cells whose receptive-field center recieves input from blue-sensitive cones show an overt asymmetry of the frequency of ON-center and OFF-center varieties, an asymmetry not present in ganglion cells whose center receives input from the other two cone types. A similar asymmetry of ON/OFF responses is found in the local electrotetinogram (d-wave) mediated by signals from blue-sensitive cones. ‘Blue-ON-center’ ganglion cells have larger receptive-field centers and shorter conduction latencies than other opponent-color varieties, suggesting an appreciable degree of receptor convergence and presumably large cell bodies. Intracellular stainings of these neurons with Procion Yellow show that they correspond to diffuse stratified (Parasol) ganglion cells whose flat-topped dendritic arborization stratifies in the sclerad half of the inner plexiform layer. In view of the known characteristics of macaque bipolar cells and of the ON/OFF asymmetry, it is proposed that these ganglion cells are postsynaptic to cone-specific flat bipolars possibly mediating sign-inverting synaptic contacts. The results also indicate a reversal, for the blue-cone pathway, of the ON/OFF lamination of the inner plexiform layer that has recently been described in other species.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.