人工肝血液灌流治疗肝性脑病的临床运用及护理

目的 探讨人工肝血液灌流治疗重症肝炎伴肝性脑病的临床疗效及护理措施.方法 在综合内科治疗的基础上,行血液灌流治疗重症肝炎伴肝性脑病,观察患者治疗前后症状、肝性脑病程度、肝功能、电解质、血常规情况.结果 患者意识及各项生化指标均较前好转.结论 血液灌流在无血源情况下是治疗治疗肝性脑病的有效手段之一.     

血液净化技术救治肝功能衰竭临床疗效分析

目的:探讨血液净化方法在抢救和治疗重型肝炎、肝性脑病、重症黄疸的作用.疗法:治疗组7例患者行股静脉插管进行床边持续血液滤过、血浆置换和血液灌流,监测生命体征、血清酶学、黄疸指数、血氨、肾功能等.结果:治疗组7例神志转清6例(85.71%),肝功能指标明显改善7例(100%);对照组10例,神志转清2例(28.57%),肝功能指标明显改善1例.治疗后两组的黄疸指数、血钠、血氨改变均有明显差异.对照组死亡8例,治疗组死亡仅1例.结论:血液净化治疗重症肝炎、重症黄疸、肝性脑病疗效肯定,尤其是近期疗效.能显著提高肝功能衰竭患者的存活率.建议在肝功能衰竭诊断明确后尽早采用.     

人工肝治疗重型肝炎合并肝性脑病的临床评价

目的探讨人工肝支持系统(ALSS)治疗重型肝炎合并肝性脑病的临床价值。方法应用血液灌流(DHP)联合血浆置换(PE)治疗10例(39例次)重型肝炎合并肝性脑病患者,每次治疗前、后检验肝功生化、电介质、血氨(NH3)、凝血酶原时间(PT)等指标。结果治疗后患者症状、体征均明显减轻,肝功能明显改善,血胆红素明显下降,凝血酶原活动度明显回升。6例神志转清,1例神志改善,存活7例,存活率70%,ALSS并发症主要为血浆过敏反应和一过性低血压。结论DHP联合PE是辅助治疗重型肝炎合并肝性脑病的有效方法。提高ALSS疗效途径:治疗应早期、每次置换的量应大、DHP与PE交替治疗、对重型肝炎出现Ⅲ级以上肝性脑病首选肝移植。     

联合血液净化治疗重型肝炎的护理

目的 探讨血液灌流联合连续血液滤过治疗重型肝炎的疗效与护理方法.方法 回顾实施血液灌流联合连续性血液滤过的30例患者临床资料,对87例次治疗前后肝肾功能、电解质、血氨、凝血象和肝性脑病程度进行比较,并根据相关资料计算治疗前后CTP积分、MELD积分和MELD-Na积分的变化情况.治疗过程中,严密监测病情变化,维护内环境稳定；加强血管通路的维护；合理使用抗凝剂,防止体外循环凝血.结果 治疗后肝性脑病有不同程度的改善,血钠显著升高、血氨和总胆红素显著下降,CTP积分、MELD积分以及MELD-Na积分下降明显,30例患者经上述治疗,19例好转后转普通病房,11例死亡.结论 血液灌流联合连续血液滤过治疗重型肝炎,为重型肝炎的治疗提供了新的选择,通过有效的护理手段,可使治疗顺利完成.     

人工肝支持系统治疗重型肝炎26例分析

目的:研究人工肝支持系统对重型肝炎的临床疗效.方法:对26例重型肝炎患者根据病情分别选择血浆置换、血浆置换联合血液滤过等人工肝支持方法进行治疗,比较治疗前后患者临床症状、肝功能、肾功能、血氨、凝血功能等指标.结果:治疗后患者症状明显缓解,血清总胆红素、总胆汁酸、血氨下降,凝血酶原时间缩短,凝血酶原活动度上升(P<0.01).结论:人工肝支持系统能显著改善重型肝炎患者临床症状及生化指标,提高近期存活率.     

血液灌流联合血液透析治疗肝硬化肝性脑病11例分析

目的：观察血液灌流（HP）联合血液透析（HD）治疗肝硬化患者的肝性脑病的效果。方法：血液灌流（HP）联合血液透析（HD）治疗肝硬化患者的肝性脑病的患者11例,治疗前后查肝、肾功能,电解质,血氨,凝血酶原时间,胆碱酯酶等指标。结果：血胆红素、凝血酶原时间及血氨较前明显下降,血BUN及Cr较前下降,血胆碱酯酶及HCO3^-较前明显升高,临床好转7例（64％）,有效3例,无效1例。结论：血液灌流联合血液透析治疗肝硬化肝性脑病效果显著,治疗应尽早实施。     

门冬氨酸鸟氨酸治疗肝性脑病51例

目的:观察门冬氨酸鸟氨酸治疗肝性脑病的临床疗效.方法:将82例重型肝炎、肝硬化并肝性脑病患者分为治疗组51例(在综合治疗基础上加用门冬氨酸鸟氨酸)和对照组(在综合治疗基础上加用乙酰谷酰氨)31例,治疗10 d后观察疗效.监测治疗前后血氨、肝功能及神志变化.结果:治疗组降低血氨、总胆红素的效果明显优于对照组(P<0.01),治疗组总有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05).结论:门冬氨酸鸟氨酸治疗肝性脑病疗效确切.     

血液灌流治疗重症肝病19例分析

目的：探讨血液灌流治疗重症肝病的临床疗效。方法：对19例重症肝病患者在内科综合治疗的基础上施行树脂血液灌流（HP）术。结果：所有患者治疗后神经、精神症状均明显好转,肝性脑病症状改善,消化道症状减轻。血清检验多种毒素及炎性递质浓度降低。结论：重症肝病患者在适当的内科治疗基础上行树脂血液灌流术,可明显提高临床疗效,降低病死率。     

食用醋加大黄保留灌肠治疗肝性脑病的临床研究

目的:观察食用醋与大黄联合保留灌肠治疗肝性脑病的的临床疗效。方法:将80例肝性脑病患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。对照组在常规抗肝性脑病的基础上加用食醋50mL、生理盐水100mL灌肠。治疗组在常规抗肝性脑病基础上,联合应用食醋及大黄保留灌肠。观察治疗前后肝性脑病的临床主要症状、体征和血氨指标改善情况,并比较两组治疗前后血氨水平。结果:食用醋联合大黄保留灌肠能够显著改善肝性脑病患者计算能力及扑翼样震颤等症状、体征,对肝性脑病Ⅰ、Ⅱ级疗效优于对照组,并且能够降低患者血氨水平。结论:食用醋联合大黄保留灌肠对肝性脑病Ⅰ、Ⅱ级有显著疗效,值得临床应用。     

肝移植围手术期中的人工肝支持

人工肝脏支持系统是以血液净化为基础的体外循环系统,包括血液透析、血液滤过、血液灌流、血浆置换等方法.临床应用非生物型人工肝脏尤其是血浆置换技术,能有效地解决高胆红素血症、内毒素血症、毒性物质积蓄与氨基酸代谢障碍及水、电解质、酸碱失衡等问题,改善患者内环境,促进肝细胞再生,纠正肝性脑病、降低重型肝炎的病死率,使患者能渡过危险的肝功能衰竭难关而获得生存.通过人工肝治疗,不仅可明显改善肝衰竭患者的全身情况,为手术降低风险,为寻找供肝争得保贵的时间,而且能有效地改善肝移植术后早期患者的生理紊乱状况.帮助渡过排斥反应期,有利于移植肝功能的恢复.因此,人工肝可成为肝移植的桥梁.文章从人工肝脏支持系统的功能出发,分析其特点,探讨其应用于人体原位肝移植围手术期的方法及其发展方向.     

护理干预对慢性重型肝炎肝性脑病影响的研究

目的:探讨护理干预对慢性重型肝炎肝性脑病的影响.方法:对90例慢性重型肝炎患者在常规治疗护理的基础上实施全面评估发生肝性脑病存在及潜在的诱因,进行预见性的护理干预(观察组),并随机抽取常规治疗护理的同病种病例90例(对照组).结果:观察组肝性脑病的发生率及治疗效果与对照组比较有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:护理干预可消除和减少肝性脑病的诱发因素,减少肝性脑病的发生率,提高治疗效果.提示慢性重型肝炎患者要重视对肝性脑病诱发因素的评估及进行预见性护理干预,去除肝性脑病的诱因,对防治慢性重型肝炎肝性脑病、改善治疗效果、提高患者的生存率有重要作用.     

树脂血液灌流治疗重型肝炎的临床研究

目的回顾分析了HA中性大孔树脂对重型肝炎肝衰竭毒素的清除效果。方法对重庆医科大学附属二院院近期收治的重型肝炎肝衰竭患者40例应用HA中性大孔树脂（ HA330-Ⅱ）进行血液灌流治疗，并对再次灌流以后的肝、肾功能以及各类炎性介质做了检测和分析比较。结果①灌流后患者临床症状体征多有不同改善；②灌流后，转氨酶（ALT）、纤维蛋白（TBL）、（DBLL）等明显下降（P〈0.01），PTA明显升高（P〈0.01）；③灌流以后，电解质无明显变化（P〉0.05）；④灌流后患者白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）明显下降（P〈0.01）。结论HA树脂血液灌流治疗能较全面清除重型肝炎患者的肝衰竭毒素，并对临床症状、体征有不同程度改善。     

The relationship between plasma free fatty acids and experimentally induced hepatic encephalopathy in the rat

Two experimental models of hepatic encephalopathy in the rat have been investigated in order to study the postulated relationship between plasma free fatty acids concentration (C6 - C22:0) and the degree of hepatic encephalopathy. As a model of chronic hepatic encephalopathy, porta caval shunted rats were studied for 15 weeks, whereas rats with acute liver ischemia were used as a model for acute hepatic encephalopathy. In porta caval shunted rats only a minor degree of hepatic encephalopathy developed, whereas plasma ammonia concentration increased significantly (82 +/- 8 to +/- 440 +/- 32 mumol/l). Acute liver ischemia induced severe grades of hepatic encephalopathy associated with high levels of plasma ammonia (+/- 1 200 mumol/l). Since no significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during both chronic and acute hepatic encephalopathy no correlation between plasma free fatty acids and the stage of hepatic encephalopathy was found. Our data do not support an important role of free fatty acids in the pathogenesis of acute or chronic hepatic encephalopathy in the rat.     

Portal hypertension exacerbates intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt and further induces refractory hepatic encephalopathy: A case report

BACKGROUNDIntrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt (IPSVS) is a rare hepatic disease with different clinical manifestations. Most IPSVS patients with mild shunts are asymptomatic, while the patients with severe shunts present complications such as hepatic encephalopathy. For patients with portal hypertension accompanied by intrahepatic shunt, portal hypertension may lead to hemodynamic changes that may result in exacerbated portal shunt and increased shunt flow.CASE SUMMARYA 57-year-old man, with the medical history of chronic hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis, was admitted to our hospital with abnormal behavior for 10 mo. He had received the esophageal varices ligation and entecavir therapy 1 year ago. Comparing with former examination results, the degree of esophageal varices was significantly reduced, while the right branch of the portal vein was significantly expanded and tortuous. Meanwhile, abdominal ultrasound presented the right posterior branch of portal vein connected with the retrohepatic inferior vena cava. The imaging findings indicated the diagnosis of IPSVS and hepatic encephalopathy. Instead of radiologic interventions or surgical therapies, this patient had only accepted symptomatic treatment. No recurrence of hepatic encephalopathy was observed during 1-year follow-up.CONCLUSIONHemodynamic changes may exacerbate intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. The intervention or surgery should be carefully applied to patients with severe portal hypertension due to the risk of hemorrhage.     

门冬氨酸鸟氨酸治疗肝性脑病的临床研究

目的应用门冬氨酸鸟氨酸对肝性脑病的临床疗效及安全性进行观察。方法 2000年4月2009年11月,将60例肝硬化肝性脑病患者分为对照组和治疗组,对照组给予常规精氨酸治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加门冬氨酸鸟氨酸10g/d,静脉滴注,连续7d。观察治疗前后神志变化、血清氨基转移酶（ALTAST）、血清白蛋白（ALB）等指标变化。结果治疗组经门冬氨酸鸟氨酸治疗后神志改变、ALT、AST明显优于治疗前（P〈0.05）。结论门冬氨酸鸟氨酸治疗肝性脑病疗效确切,且对肝功能有改善作用,副反应小。     

Collagenase activity in the granulocytes of patients with various liver diseases

Studies were conducted on collagenase activity on peripheral granulocytes of patients with various liver diseases. Total collagenase activity increased significantly in chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and in liver cirrhosis (LC), and, in these disorders, it correlated with the extent to which hepatic fibrosis has progressed. Active collagenase activity increased in CAH, but no differences from normal controls were found in other liver diseases. These results suggest that total collagenase may reflect the degree of hepatic fibrosis, and that active collagenase may be related to chronic active hepatitis lesions.     

终末期肝病患者肝功能综合评价

目的通过对因病毒性肝炎及其相关疾病死亡病例的死因分析,探讨终末期肝病患者的肝功能状态评价方法,进而讨论肝功能衰竭的诊断标准。方法本院1995年4月～2007年4月间住院患者,最终因病毒性肝炎及其相关疾病死亡的病例78例,按诊断结果采用自然分组,分别对各组患者进行分析。结果终末期肝病患者的直接致死原因为上消化道出血33.33%,顽固性腹水19.23%,肝性脑病20.51%,肝肾综合征11.54%,严重感染11.54%。结论对慢性肝病患者的肝功能评价时,除要注重由肝实质细胞损害所引起的指标变化外,还应考虑肝纤维化增生所致门静脉高压所引起的一系列临床表现。     

Flumazenil in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in children with fulminant liver failure

Objective To evaluate the effect of flumazenil on hepatic encephalopathy complicating fulminant liver failure in children.Design Uncontrolled prospective study.Setting Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, tertiary care center.Patients 9 children with fulminant liver failure and hepatic encephalopathy awaiting emergency liver transplantationInterventions Changes in hepatic encephalopathy grade and in electroencephalogram were recorded during the injection of a bolus of flumazenil (0.01 mg/kg/IV bolus) followed by a continuous infusion of flumazenil (0.01mg/kg/h).Measurements and main results Before flumazenil, 7 children had grade 2 and 2 had grade 3 hepatic encephalopathy. Flumazenil injection mediated an arousal effect in 1 child in whom encephalopathy improved from grade 3 to grade 2. This effect lasted 30 min. No clinical response was observed in other children. An improvement of EEG anomalies was observed lasting 3 min in one child. Despite continuous infusion of flumazenil, encephalopathy worsened in all children.Conclusion The effect of intravenous administration of flumazenil on hepatic encephalopathy in children with fulminant liver failure is inconsistent. Its efficacy is transient. The therapeutic value of flumazenil in children with fulminant liver failure awaiting a liver graft is minimal at this dosage.     

移植肝肝静脉血流变化的彩色多普勒超声检测

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声检测肝移植术后肝静脉血流动力学变化,早期诊断术后肝静脉及下腔静脉并发症和评价肝功能的临床价值。方法 67例原位肝移植术后患者行彩色多普勒超声检查,观察肝移植患者肝实质、血管、胆管声像图改变和肝静脉血流动力学变化时。对54例无肝静脉及下腔静脉并发症患者,记录血浆凝血酶原时间（PT）、血清总胆红素（Tbil）、白蛋等相关指标,观察有无腹水、肝性脑病,按Child—Pugh评分分级,并且与肝静脉血流改变对照。结果 67例原位肝移植术后,下腔静脉栓塞5例,肿瘤复发伴下腔静脉、肝静脉狭窄8例。54例无肝静脉及下腔静脉并发症患者肝静脉血流改变随着肝功能Child—Pugh分级变化改变明显,具有统计学意义（P〈0．005）。结论 彩色多普勒超声检测对肝移植术后肝静脉、下腔静脉并发症诊断和肝功能评价有重要临床意义。     

肝硬化患者脑磁化传递成像和DWI定量研究

目的 利用磁化传递成像(MTI)和DWI技术评价肝硬化患者脑内的水代谢异常,分析其与各程度肝性脑病(HE)的相关性.方法 对54例肝硬化患者和13例正常对照组完成神经心理测试后进行常规头颅MRI扫描和MTI、DWI检查,分别计算脑内6个部位(包括灰质和白质)的磁化传递率(MTR)和表观弥散系数(ADC)值.结果 肝硬化组各部位的MTR较正常对照组均降低.Child C级的额叶及顶叶白质MTR与Child A、Child B级的差异有显著统计学意义.各部位ADC值随着HE的严重程度增高,但在HE分级中无显著性差异.结论 逐渐降低的MTR和升高的ADC提示肝硬化患者脑内存在弥漫的星形细胞肿胀并与HE分级有相关性,但对鉴别MHE无明显意义.