鼠李属植物的化学成分、药理活性和质量控制研究进展

鼠李属Rhamnus植物资源丰富,全球约有200种,具有广泛的药用、食用及工业价值,常作为民间用药、代用茶及提取染料、色素等的工业原料。目前已从鼠李属植物中分离到约122个化学成分,主要包括蒽醌和黄酮两大类,具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌、抗诱变等药理作用。此外,近年的研究报道表明鼠李属植物具有显著的抗高血压作用,可作为抗高血压药物开发的新资源。该文系统综述了鼠李属植物化学成分、药理作用和质量控制研究,以期为鼠李属植物药用活性成分及其作用机制的研究、资源的充分利用及开发提供依据。     

聂帕榈鼠李的化学成分

鼠李属(Rhamnus)植物以缓泻作用著称,它的某些品种据报道还有其他的药理作用,特别是泻鼠李(R.cathartica)有刺激胆汁分泌和抑制肿瘤的作用。至今研究过的鼠李属植物约有20种,分得若干蒽醌类、黄酮类及它们的甙类化合物。最近报道聂帕榈鼠李(R.nipalensis)的乙醇提取物,具有弱的降压作用。本文报道从此植物中分出10个化合物,经IR、UV、NMR、MS和乙酰化、甲基化衍生物的制备,结果如表所列。三个为蒽醌类化合物,二个为黄酮醇,二个为黄酮甙,而其中1,3,8-三羟基-蒽醌(citreosein)和鼠李素还是第一次从鼠李属植物中分得。     

小叶鼠李茎皮中总黄酮类成分的含量测定

小叶鼠李 (Rhamnus Parvifolia Bunge)是鼠李科鼠李属植物;产于辽宁、吉林及黑龙江老爷岭、张广才岭各山区。其茎皮味苦涩,性微寒。有杀虫下气、祛痰消食、清热解毒的功能。民间用其茎皮熬成煎膏,外用治疗肿毒,疗效可与抗菌素相当,且无副作用。国内外对该植物的化学成分及     

小叶鼠李茎皮中黄酮类成分检识分析

小叶鼠李(Rhamnus Parvifo1ia Bunge)是鼠李科鼠李属植物;产于辽宁、吉林及黑龙江老爷岭、张广才岭等山区。其茎皮味苦涩,性微寒。有杀虫下气、祛痰消食、清热解毒的功能。民间用茎皮熬成煎膏,外用治疗肿毒,疗效可与抗菌素相当,且无副作用。国内外对该植物的化学成分及其生物活性的研究未见报道为给本植物的疗效找出理论依据,我们首先对本植物中的黄酮类成分进行了检识分析。     

女儿茶化学成分研究

目的研究鼠李科鼠李属植物崖枣树Rhamnus heterophylla枝叶(女儿茶)的化学成分。方法综合运用硅胶柱色谱、MCI柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱等多种色谱分离技术进行分离和纯化,根据化合物的理化性质、核磁共振(NMR)数据进行结构鉴定。并采用HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS技术,负离子模式全扫描,对其化学成分进行快速识别。结果从女儿茶70%乙醇回流提取物中分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为顺式-大黄素二蒽酮(1)、反式-大黄素二蒽酮(2)、大黄素-8-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(3)、6-羟基芦荟大黄素(4)、大黄素(5)、大黄酚(6)、大黄素甲醚(7)、山柰酚(8)、木犀草素(9)、槲皮素(10)。除化合物5、8外,其余化合物均首次从女儿茶中分离得到,其中化合物3为首次从鼠李属植物中分离得到。通过分析获得的质谱数据及质谱裂解规律、参考文献,从女儿茶中初步识别出28个化学成分,包括3个羟基苯甲酸类、8个蒽醌类、17个黄酮类成分。结论对女儿茶乙醇提取物化学成分的分析,为其药效物质基础研究及合理开发利用该植物资源提供参考。     

多叶勾儿茶叶绿体基因组比较分析及系统发育研究

目的 研究勾儿茶属药用植物多叶勾儿茶Berchemia polyphylla及变种光枝勾儿茶B. polyphylla var. leioclada叶绿体基因组成及结构特征,同时为勾儿茶属系统发育及进化研究提供参考。方法 基于Illumina平台对勾儿茶属药用植物多叶勾儿茶及变种光枝勾儿茶进行叶绿体基因组测序,利用生物信息学对其序列进行组装、注释和特征分析,与同科小勾儿茶属、枣属、枳椇属、鼠李属、冀核果属等的叶绿体全基因组进行比较分析,确定其在鼠李科植物中系统发育位置。结果 多叶勾儿茶和光枝勾儿茶叶绿体基因组具有典型环状四分体结构,全长分别为161 185、161 210 bp,注释得到131个基因,其中蛋白质编码基因86个,37个tRNA基因和8个rRNA基因。勾儿茶属与鼠李科其它药用植物比较基因组学分析表明,勾儿茶属叶绿体基因组具有较高的保守性,叶绿体基因组之间没有重排或倒置,IR区序列变异最低,LSC区的变异程度最高,其中ndhA、ycf1、ycf3、rpl16、clpP以及atpF等基因的编码区存在差异,这些位点为勾儿茶分子鉴定提供新位点。系统发育树表明勾儿茶属与鼠李属及翼核果...     

草药“掌牛仔”治疗急性菌痢的观察

一、草药“掌牛仔”简介掌牛仔(Rhamna Crenata Sieb.etzuce)。鼠李科,鼠李属植物。别名:睇牛仔、长叶鼠李、大叶牛奶桃、丫弓子、吐利蔃、黄老虎、癣药、刀头根。形态特征:落叶灌木,根皮棕黑色,内部黄色。嫩枝和叶均披锈色短柔毛,后逐渐脱落。叶互生,有柄;叶片形状变异很大,有矩圆形或倒卵形,长1寸半—3寸,宽8分—1寸     

含芦笋纤维的保健食品

一种可食用的富含纤维的脱水芦笋(asparagus)制品是将芦笋中分出的纤维经蒸煮、洗涤、脱水而制成粉末,颗粒(或两者的结块),它能吸附致突因子。南瓜或李属植物也可效法做成脱水蔬菜或水果。应用     

小檗碱药理作用研究进展

小檗碱(berberine，Ber)又名黄连素，是存在于6科(小檗科、罂粟科、毛莨科、芸香科、防己科、鼠李科)植物中异喹啉类生物碱，最初作为清热解毒药和抗菌药应用于临床。Ber作为抗菌药在临床上已应用多年，其疗效确切，是一种广谱抗菌药物，对多种革兰氏阳性、阴性菌以及真菌、霉菌、病毒、原虫、线虫具有抑制杀灭作用。     

5种广泛分布的黄酮甙元的HPLC分析

黄酮是药用植物中特别重要的化合物,而且在植物中分布很广,一般以甙的形式存在。在植物的粗提物中很难将其全部定量,因为大多数参照化合物不易买到。异鼠李黄素、山柰酚、木犀草素、杨梅黄素和槲皮素是下列药用植物的主要甙元,例如:山金车属(Arnica spec.)、桦属、金盏花、柳叶菜属(Epilobium spec.)、问荆、款冬。像榆蚊子草(Filipendula ulmaria)、银杏、胡桃、报春花属(Primula spec.)、李属,某些柳属     

冠脉舒对冠心病患者血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物及其抑制物的影响

本课题研究中药冠脉舒对冠心病患者血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t·PA)及其抑制物(PAI)的影响。将50例患者随机分为治疗组(30例)和对照组(20例),并与健康人对照。结果表明,同健康人比较,冠心病患者血浆t-PA活性明显降低(P<0.05),PAI活性明显升高(P<0.01)。经冠脉舒治疗后,t-PA活性升高(P<0.001),PAI活性降低(P<0.001)。提示冠脉舒能提高冠心病患者血浆纤溶活性。     

Radical scavenging activity of Crocus sativus L. extract and its bioactive constituents

Radical scavenging activity is involved in aging processes, antiinflammatory, anticancer and wound healing activity. Hence, in the present study the DPPH radical scavenging activity of a natural product that possesses biological properties, an extract of Crocus sativus L. (saffron), grown in Crocos, Kozani (Greece), and some of its bioactive constituents (crocin, safranal) was studied.It was shown that a methanol extract of Crocus sativus exhibited high antioxidant activity, although it contains several active and inactive constituents. In trying to approximate a structure-activity relationship, two bioactive constituents of saffron extract were tested, namely crocin and safranal. Crocin showed high radical scavenging activity (50% and 65% for 500 and 1,000 ppm solution in methanol, respectively), followed by safranal (34% for 500 ppm solution). All the tested samples showed high radical scavenging activity, probably due to the ability to donate a hydrogen atom to the DPPH radical.Thus, saffron grown in Greece can be used promisingly in functional foods, drinks with antioxidant activity, in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations for their antioxidant activity and probably for their antiaging activity. Saffron can also be used internally in the form of powder or other pharmacotechnical formulae as a food supplement with antioxidant properties.     

不同补肾方剂对老年前期小鼠不同脏器细胞核体外RNA转录？…

目的：探讨补肾阴方左归饮和补肾阳方益肾宝对老年前期小鼠抗衰老的机制。方法：用１４月龄雄性小白鼠为肾虚模型，观察左归饮及益肾宝对其肝、脑、肾、睾丸的细胞核体外ＲＮＡ转录活性及无细胞提取液蛋白质合成活性的影响。结果：老年前期对照组小鼠４种脏器的细胞核体外ＲＮＡ转录活性及无细胞提取液蛋白质合成活性明显低于青年组（３月龄）小鼠。经灌服左归饮和益肾宝２个月后，两给药组小鼠４种脏器的细胞核体外ＲＮＡ转录活性及     

6种市售低分子肝素的分子特性及生物活性的比较

 目的考察国内市售低分子肝素产品间的差异,研究其结构特征、相对分子质量及其分布与生物活性的关系。方法采用分光光度法测定产品的特征组份的含量,生物显色法测定抗凝血的生物活性,凝胶渗透色谱法测定相对分子质量及其分布。将这些参数进行统计学分析。结果6种低分子肝素产品间分子的特能组成,相对分子质量及其分布和生物活性上均显示极显著性差异。相关性研究表明,分子中葡萄糖醛酸和葡萄糖胺的含量与低分子肝素相对分子质量、抗-Xa活性、抗-Ⅱa活性呈负相关;低分子肝素相对分子质量与抗-Ⅹa活性、抗-Ⅱa活性呈正相关;而硫酸基含量与低分子肝素相对分子质量、抗-Ⅹa活性、抗-Ⅱa活性呈正相关。结论每一个低分子肝素产品间都存在着明显的差异,具有不同的特点,临床使用中应按指征个体化给药。     

The in vitro effects of Hypericum species on human leukocyte myeloperoxidase activity

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a major component of the antimicrobial system of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The heme enzyme MPO catalyzes the conversion of hydrogen peroxide and chloride to hypochlorous acid. Hypochlorous acid is the major strong oxidant produced by neutrophils and may contribute to inflammatory tissue damage. It was reported that certain antiinflammatory drugs are capable of inhibiting MPO activity and this inhibition may account for their antiinflammatory effect. Hypericum L. is a genus of about 400 species, widespread throughout the world. Some species of genus exhibit a significant antiinflammatory activity beside their several pharmacological properties such as antidepressant, diuretic, antihelmintic, and antibacterial. In this study, we investigated the in vitro effects of three Hypericum species, which exhibit antiinflammatory activity, on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte MPO activity. We found that each extract of Hypericum species reduced the peroxidative and chlorinating activity of human leukocyte MPO in concentration-dependent manner. The antiinflammatory activity of these species may be related with inhibition of MPO activity.     

从当归补血汤的研究探讨和分析中药复方共煎的合理性

利用化学和细胞生物学手段，对只有两味药组成的简单复方”当归补血汤”进行了系统研究，在探讨中药复方作用机理的同时，实验结果也证明了传统中药复方共煎的合理性。通过比较共煎、分煎的当归补血汤的化学成分及生物学活性，发现中药复方共煎不仅可以促进有效成分的溶出，而且可以增强免疫活性、补血作用、类雌激素活性、成骨细胞分化活性。共煎促进了复方成分间的相互作用、相互反应，从而产生特殊的活性，体现复方疗效。     

Biological activity of kiwifruit peel extracts.

Various bioactive substances in kiwifruit extracts were fractionated by organic solvent extractions, followed by silica gel and ODS chromatographies. Both cytotoxic activity and multi-drug resistance reversal activity were found in the less polar fractions. Cytotoxic activity was not always parallel the radical intensity. Antibacterial activity was distributed into various fractions and all fractions were inactive against Candida albicans and H. pylori. Only 70% methanol extracts showed anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity, and produced a broad ESR signal under alkaline conditions, in a fashion similar to lignin. These fractions also effectively scavenged O(2)(-) produced by the xanthine-xanthine oxidase reaction, suggesting a bimodal (pro-oxidant and antioxidant) action. These data suggest a medicinal efficacy of kiwifruit peel extracts.     

Anti-metastatic effects of aqueous extract of Helixanthera parasitica

Metastasis, the spread of cancer in body, is a major cause of death. We have screened anti-metastatic activity of aqueous and dichloromethane extracts of several not previously studied Thai herbs, using an in vitro invasion test. This involves the in vitro invasion of HCC-S102, a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line derived from a Thai patient, through a reconstituted-basement membrane (Matrigel). The aqueous extract of a plant (Helixanthera parasitica) revealed a significant inhibitory effect on the cancer cell invasion, and showed antioxidant activity. The aqueous extract was partially purified by silica gel column chromatography, and the highest anti-metastatic activity fraction showed 83% inhibition of invasion with low cytotoxic effect. However, anti-metastatic activity was not associated with the antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract.     

从当归补血汤的研究探讨和分析中药复方共煎的合理性

利用化学和细胞生物学手段，对只有两味药组成的简单复方"当归补血汤"进行了系统研究，在探讨中药复方作用机理的同时，实验结果也证明了传统中药复方共煎的合理性。通过比较共煎、分煎的当归补血汤的化学成分及生物学活性，发现中药复方共煎不仅可以促进有效成分的溶出，而且可以增强免疫活性、补血作用、类雌激素活性、成骨细胞分化活性。共煎促进了复方成分间的相互作用、相互反应，从而产生特殊的活性，体现复方疗效。     

Radical scavenging activity of Alkanna tinctoria root extracts and their main constituents, hydroxynaphthoquinones

Alkannin and shikonin (A[sol ]S) are pharmaceutical substances with a wide spectrum of biological properties. Radical scavenging activity is involved in aging processes, antiinssammatory, anticancer and wound healing activities. Hence, in the present study the DPPH radical scavenging activity of alkannin and shikonin, both monomeric and oligomeric, and extracts of Alkanna tinctoria roots were studied and a structure-activity relationship was approximated.It was shown that both monomeric and oligomeric alkannin and shikonin and also A[sol ]S esters exhibited extremely high radical scavenging activity. The presence of the naphthoquinone moiety seems to be essential for that activity, while the side chain of A[sol ]S possibly plays a minor role. Esterification of A[sol ]S on the side chain hydroxyl group does not affect radical scavenging activity. Organic solvents and olive oil (extracted at room temperature) extracts of Alkanna tinctoria roots, which contain as active ingredients A[sol ]S esters, exhibited very good antiradical activity.Alkannin and shikonin and their esters and also extracts of Alkanna tinctoria roots could be used promisingly in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations for their radical scavenging activity and probably for their antiaging activity.