靶向CTNNB1的shRNA抑制结肠癌SW480细胞增殖的研究

目的探讨靶向CTNNB1的shRNA对人结肠癌SW480细胞的基因下调效应和细胞增殖的抑制作用.方法构建靶向CTNNB1的shRNA载体质粒,然后转染入结肠癌SW480细胞.用RT-PCR和Western blotting方法检测CTNNB1的mRNA和蛋白的表达情况.MTT实验评价转染后各组细胞的增殖情况,并用流式细胞仪检测各组细胞的周期分布和凋亡情况.结果靶向CTNNB1的shRNA能够明显下调CTNNB1 mRNA和蛋白质表达（P＜0.05）,其抑制率分别是43.87%和45.16%.MTT实验提示CTN组细胞在转染后呈现随着时间延长而进行性增殖抑制的现象.在转染后72 h,CTN组的细胞存活率为46.4%,与空白对照组相比有显著性降低（P＜0.05）.而流式细胞仪显示CTN组细胞有明显G0/G1周期阻滞和凋亡率增高（P＜0.05）.结论靶向CTNNB1的特异性shRNA对结肠癌SW480细胞具有下调CTNNB1基因表达,促进细胞凋亡并且显著抑制细胞增殖的效应.     

脆性组氨酸三联体基因对结肠癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的 探讨脆性组氨酸三联体基因（FHIT）转染对结肠癌细胞株SW480增殖和凋亡的影响及其作用机制.方法 将重组真核表达质粒pRc/CMV2-FHIT通过脂质体转染技术导入人结肠癌细胞株SW480（实验组）,筛选稳定转染的细胞并扩增培养,以转染了空质粒pRc/CMV2的SW480细胞作为阴性对照,以正常SW480细胞作为空白对照.应用MTT法检测细胞的增殖活性,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期分布和细胞凋亡率,Western blot分析caspase-8酶原的变化,半定量RT-PCR检测caspase-8 mRNA水平的改变,肽核酸标记底物的比色法检测caspase-8的相对活性.结果 转染96 h后,实验组和阴性对照组细胞生长抑制率分别为71.7%和16.9%,G0/G1细胞比例分别为（63.3±3.5）%和（50.6±2.1）%,细胞凋亡率分别为（40.5±3.1）%和（18.6±2.6）%,caspase-8 mRNA条带光密度积分值分别为107和41,caspase-8蛋白相对活性分别为0.43和0.25;上述差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.当加入FHIT抑制剂后,caspase-8蛋白相对活性恢复至对照组水平（0.22）.结论 FHIT基因转染能够明显抑制人结肠癌细胞株SW480的增殖,诱导SW480细胞发生G0/G1期阻滞,其作用机制可能与caspase-8表达及活性上调有关.     

Stat3信号转导通路调控Survivin表达促进结肠癌细胞凋亡

目的 探讨Stat3/Survivn信号转导通路调控结肠癌细胞凋亡的作用机制.方法 用阳离子脂质体介导Stat3反义寡核苷酸(20 mol/L)转染人结肠癌HT29细胞,噻唑蓝(MTY)法检测细胞增殖状态;流式细胞术检测细胞周期与凋亡;Western blot检测Stat3、p-Stat3、Survivin与bcl-2凋亡家族成员bcl-2、bcl-Xl于bax的表达.结果 Stat3反义寡核苷酸作用HT29细胞72 h后,G1期细胞比率由61.4%上升至75.6%,S期细胞比率由19.4%下降至8.6%,细胞增殖受抑制.凋亡细胞百分比由5.6%增加至22.1%,促进细胞凋亡.Stat3、p-Stag、Cychn D1与Survivin表达下降,bcl-2、bcl-Xl与bax变化不明显.结论 阻断Stat3通路可以抑制靶基因Survivin表达并诱导结肠癌细胞凋亡.     

Stat3与过氧化物酶体增殖因子激活受体δ信号转导通路间交互作用对结肠癌细胞增殖的调控影响

目的观察选择性环氧合酶（COX）-2抑制剂NS-398对结肠癌细胞系SW480中Star3与过氧化物酶体增殖因子激活受体（PPAR）δ信号转导通路的影响，探讨不同信号转导通路间交互作用调控结肠癌细胞增殖的分子机制。方法应用逆转录．聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）法检测结肠癌细胞系SW480中COX-2 mRNA表达水平，用选择性COX-2抑制剂NS-398处理结肠癌细胞系SW480，Western blot检测Star3与PPARδ信号转导通路成员表达，噻唑蓝（MTT）比色试验检测细胞增殖状态，流式细胞技术检测细胞周期与凋亡。结果结肠癌细胞系SW480中未检测到COX-2 mRNA表达，NS-398（75μmol／L）作用于SW480细胞72h后，G1期细胞比率由37．9％上升至48．6％，S期细胞比率分别由58，1％，下降至44．9％，细胞增殖受抑制。Stat3、PPARδ、Cyclin D1与bcl-x L表达水平随NS-398作用时间延长而下降。结论选择性COX-2抑制剂NS-398可能通过非COX-2依赖途径影响结肠癌细胞的增殖。     

脆性组氨酸三联体基因转染对人结肠癌细胞株SW480奥沙利铂敏感性的影响

目的 观察脆性组氨酸三联体基因(FHIT)转染对人结肠癌细胞株SW480奥沙利铂敏感性的影响.方法 将重组真核表达质粒pRc/CMV2-FHIT通过脂质体转染技术导入人结肠癌细胞株SW480,筛选稳定转染的细胞并扩增培养,以转染了空质粒pRc/CMV2的SW480细胞(SW480-pRc/CMV2)和正常SW480细胞为对照.逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测FHIT基因的mRNA转录水平.以奥沙利铂作用于3组细胞,用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法测定细胞的生长抑制率,用流式细胞仪检测奥沙利铂处理前后各组结肠癌细胞的凋亡率及细胞周期的变化.结果 SW480-FHIT细胞的RT-PCR产物经凝胶电泳有明显的阳性条带,而对照组则无;经奥沙利铂处理后,转染FHIT基因的SW480细胞的凋亡水平与空质粒转染组及结肠癌细胞株组比较明显增高(第2、3、4天A值比较P<0.05),并且FHIT基因与奥沙利铂有轻度的协同促进凋亡作用;同时奥沙利铂处理前后实验组结肠癌细胞的生长周期较对照组均出现了明显的G_0/G_1期阻滞,且细胞的生长抑制率存在浓度和时间依赖性.结论 外源性FHIT基因表达与奥沙利铂协同促进SW480细胞凋亡及细胞周期阻滞,FHIT基因可增加结肠癌细胞对奥沙利铂的敏感性.     

转录信号传导子和激活子3信号传导通路调控选择性环氧化酶2抑制剂抗结肠癌的机制

目的探究转录信号传导子和激活子3(Stat3)信号传导通路与选择性环氧化酶2(COX-2)抑制剂抗结肠癌细胞株HT-29机制的关系,明确COX-2抑制剂抗结肠癌细胞内信号传导机制。方法将选择性COX-2抑制剂NS-398,作用于结肠癌细胞系HT-29,运用MTT法检测细胞增殖状态;流式细胞仪观察NS-398对细胞凋亡的影响,进一步用RT-PCR检测药物作用前后HT-29中COX-2mRNA的表达;ELISA法测定体系前列腺素E2(PGE2)水平;Westernblot检测药物作用前后Stat3通路相关蛋白JAK2、Stat3的磷酸化活性和cyclinD1、Bcl-2的表达。结果结肠癌细胞系HT-29中COX-2mRNA呈高表达,NS-398呈时间、剂量依赖性方式抑制HT-29细胞增殖,促进其凋亡。NS-398使HT-29细胞COX-2mRNA和PGE2表达水平显著下降。同时p-JAK2、p-Stat3、cyclinD1、Bcl-2表达水平随作用时间延长而下降。结论癌基因Stat3信号传导通路调控了NS-398抗结肠癌的细胞内信号传导机制,最终通过其下游靶基因cyclinD1、Bcl-2影响结肠癌细胞系HT-29的增殖与凋亡。     

siRNA靶向抑制GHR对人结肠癌SW480细胞增殖的影响

目的利用小分子干扰RNA(siRNA)技术抑制人结肠癌SW480细胞人生长激素受体(GHR)基因的表达,观察GHR基因沉默对SW480细胞增殖的影响。方法设计特异性siRNA,构建针对人GHR真核质粒的表达载体(pcDNATM6.2-GW/EmGFP-siRNA-GHR),用电转染法转染人结肠癌SW480细胞,培养48~72 h后,用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞增殖活性;Western Blot检测GHR蛋白表达;实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)方法检测GHRmRNA水平变化。结果转染siRNA后,与对照组相比,转染组细胞增殖速率、GHR的蛋白表达量、GHRmRNA水平均明显降低(均P<0.05)。结论构建的pcDNATM6.2-GW/EmGFP-GHRsiRNA能有效地下调SW480细胞中GHR的表达,从而抑制SW480细胞的增殖。     

体外转染KISS-1基因对SW480细胞系侵袭和迁移力的影响

目的 探讨人肿瘤转移抑制基因KiSS-1对人结肠癌SW480细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移能力的影响.方法 将携有KISS-1基因的重组真核表达质粒pRc/CMV2-KISS-1转化大肠杆菌DH5et并扩增,抽提纯化质粒并进行酶切鉴定,pRc/CMV2-KISS-1体外转染SW480细胞(SW480-FH1T),筛选稳定转染的细...     

结直肠癌Dll-1/Notch信号传导通路的研究

目的 研究Dll-1/Notchl信号传导通路与结直肠癌病理学特征的关系,明确此通路对结直肠癌细胞增殖及凋亡的影响.方法 应用固定化蛋白质印迹法检测63例结直肠癌组织及其邻近正常肠黏膜中Dll-1及Notch1蛋白表达;用Notch1通路中γ-分泌酶抑制剂DAPT作用于结肠癌细胞系SW480,MTT法检测细胞增殖状态,流式细胞仪观察其对细胞凋亡的影响,固定化蛋白质印迹法检测Notch1胞内活性段及其靶基因产物Hes-1和Bcl-2蛋白的表达.分别采用独立样本t检验、配对样本t检验及单因素方差分析.结果 结直肠癌组织中Notch1和Dll-1蛋白表达水平分别高于正常肠黏膜的1.75及2.21倍(t=2.554,P=0.012及t=3.565,P=0.005);二者表达与肿瘤分化程度(t =2.463,P=0.017及t=2.390,P=0.019)、分期(t=2.675,P=0.007及f=2.310,P=0.021)及淋巴结转移(t =2.229,P=0.021及t=2.210,P=0.023)有关.用γ-分泌酶抑制剂DAPT阻断Notch1通路可抑制SW480细胞的增殖,诱导其凋亡;同时NICD和Bcl-2的表达水平随作用时间延长而降低.结论 Dll-1及Notch1的高表达与结直肠癌病理学特征密切相关,阻断Notch1通路可抑制Bcl-2表达,同时可抑制结肠癌细胞的增殖,并诱导其凋亡.     

牛蒡子苷元对结肠癌细胞SW480凋亡的影响及其机制

目的探讨牛蒡子苷元对结肠癌细胞系SW480凋亡的影响及相关机制。方法①以结肠癌细胞系SW480为研究对象,通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳和流式细胞术观察牛蒡子苷元对SW480细胞细胞凋亡的影响。②应用RT-PCR技术探讨牛蒡子苷元对SW480细胞增殖和凋亡影响的相关机制。结果①与SW480亲本细胞相比,20mg/L牛蒡子苷元处理的SW480细胞出现明显的DNA"梯子"样断裂变化。②与SW480亲本细胞相比,20mg/L牛蒡子苷元处理的SW480细胞凋亡明显增加(P<0.01)。③与SW480亲本细胞相比,20mg/L牛蒡子苷元处理的SW480细胞中,抗凋亡基因bcl-2和IAP-1表达下调,而bcl-XL表达没有明显变化;促凋亡基因bax和Smac表达上调。结论①牛蒡子苷元可诱导SW480细胞凋亡。②牛蒡子苷元诱导SW480细胞凋亡可能与抗凋亡基因bcl-2和IAP-1表达下调,促凋亡基因Smac和bax表达上调有关。     

2015年乳腺癌辅助化疗进展

【摘要】〓乳腺癌是危害我国女性健康的头号杀手,尽管近年来辅助化疗的研究进展突飞猛进,但临床中仍有不少问题未能明确,如辅助化疗的合适人群、化疗的开始时间、蒽环及紫杉类的地位和用法、强化维持治疗的作用、疗效及预后的生物标志物等。本文结合乳腺癌辅助化疗在临床上的常见问题和2015年各大乳腺癌会议阐述乳腺癌辅助化疗的最新进展。     

西宁地区烧伤病人动脉血气分析观察

对高海拔地区的27例烧伤病人动脉血气变化进行了分析和观察。结果证明:无论是存活病人还是死亡病人伤后均存在有低氧血症问题。并且在死亡病人和烧伤合并吸入性损伤病人其低氧血症的发生早于单纯烧伤病人。提示:吸入性损伤病人应立即行气管切开术以保障氧气供给,单纯烧伤病人可常规吸氧以维持正常血 PaO_2,ARDS 均发生在合并吸入性损伤的病人,高频喷射通气技术对纠正低氧血症有一定效果。     

Controversies in Fistula in Ano

Managing a complex fistula in ano can be a daunting task for most surgeons; largely due to the two major dreaded complications—recurrence & fecal incontinence. It is important to understand the anatomy of the anal sphincters & the aetiopathological process of the disease to provide better patient care. There are quite a few controversies associated with fistula in ano & its management, which compound the difficulty in treating fistula in ano. This article attempts to clear some of those major controversies.     

β-半乳糖苷酶在体内外成骨细胞中的表达

目的 研究β—半乳糖苷酶(β—gal)在成骨细胞中的表达状况，为阐明MorquioB综合征的发病机制提供依据。方法 裸鼠各器官和骨组织标本行X-gal染色检测。抽取羊和人骨髓行骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)培养，分为4组：I：Adv-hBMP-2转染组；Ⅱ：Adv—β—gal转染组；Ⅲ：未转染组；Ⅳ：地塞米松诱导组。分别行X-gal染色和RT-PCR检测β—gal的表达。结果 裸鼠骺板两侧、骨膜内面及松质骨的成骨细胞和破骨细胞可见多量β—gal的表达。未转染BMSCs组有少量β—gal的表达，其他3组细胞的β—gal表达增高。结论成骨细胞和破骨细胞可表达多量β—gal，该两种细胞的β—gal缺乏可能是MorquioB综合征骨骼异常的直接原因。     

Alterations in T-Cell Subset Frequency in Peripheral Blood in Obesity

Background: Obesity affects the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. This study characterizes differences in peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotype in obese humans. Methods: Frequencies of lymphocyte subsets among peripheral blood mononuclear cells were compared between 10 obese (BMI ≥35) and 10 lean subjects, as determined by antibodies directed against cluster differentiation (CD) markers. Results: Obese patients demonstrated an increased frequency of CD3+CD4+ T-cells (mean difference 12%, P=0.004), a decreased frequency of CD3+CD8+ T-cells (mean difference 9.4%, P=0.016) and an increased frequency of CD3+CD8+CD95+ T-cells (mean difference 13.3%, P=0.032). No other differences among T-cell or monocyte subsets were noted. Conclusions: Obesity is associated with alterations in frequencies of peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and aberrations in the expression of CD95 among CD8+ T-cells. These data suggest both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell compartments, as well as the regulation of CD95 expression on CD8+ T-cells, as targets for further study into obesity's effects on the immune system.     

Fluid-phase transcytosis in the primate epididymis in vitro and in vivo

Ligated tubules from the corpus epididymidis of men and monkeys were incubated in medium containing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a marker for fluid-phase endocytosis. HRP was localized by light and electron microscopy after 0, 15, 30 and 60 min of incubation. Movement between the cells was prevented by tight junctions, but bypass of this barrier was apparently achieved by an intracellular vesicular mechanism leading to a time-dependent appearance of HRP in the lumen. Uptake of HRP into basal cells and capture by the lysosomal apparatus of principal cells were also observed. HRP-filled vesicles also appeared in the basal, mid and apical cytoplasm of epithelial cells in the caput 1 h after injection of the tracer into the epididymal circulation of the monkey, suggesting that this pathway also operates in vivo.     

Surgical management of ductal carcinoma in situ in Australia in 1995

Background: In the present paper we describe the presentation and management of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast in women in Australia in 1995. This representative, national data set provides a historical comparator for studies examining DCIS management that follow. Methods: Surgeons identified by population‐based cancer registries as having treated a new diagnosis of DCIS between 1 April and 30 September 1995 completed a questionnaire on the presentation and management of each case. Results: Two hundred and five surgeons supplied treatment details on 418 DCIS tumours in 415 women . Half of all tumours were detected at BreastScreen clinics and a further 25% were detected at other mammography centres. Twenty‐six percent of tumours were palpable at presentation, 33% were multifocal and 55% were high grade (including comedocarcinoma). Breast conserving therapy (BCT) rather than mastectomy was utilized in 260 (62%) of cases. Tumours that were of low grade, small in size and not multifocal were more likely to be treated by BCT. Surgeons seeing six or more DCIS cases in the 6‐month period were more likely to utilize BCT. Of the conservatively treated cases, 22% were referred for a radiation oncology consultation. The most common reasons for treating DCIS with mastectomy were that the tumour was too extensive or multifocal (63%), it extended to margins of the specimen (42%), or patient concerns about recurrence (34%). Conclusions: In 1995 the majority of DCIS was treated with breast conserving surgery alone. Surgeons treating more DCIS cases were more likely to perform conservative surgery than surgeons treating only one DCIS case in the study period.     

Smoking-Attributable mortality in Spain in 2016

IntroductionSmoking-attributable mortality (SAM) is a valuable indicator that can be used to characterize the course and health burden of the smoking epidemic. The aim of this paper was to estimate SAM in Spain in 2016 in the population aged 35 and over, using the best available evidence.MethodsA smoking prevalence-dependent analysis based on the estimation of population-attributable fractions was performed. Smoking prevalence (never, former, and current smokers) was calculated from a combination of the Spanish Health Survey (2016) and the European Health Survey (2014); the relative risk of death among current and former smokers was taken from the follow-up of various cohorts; and mortality rates were obtained from National Center for Statistics data. SAM estimates are presented globally, and by sex, age groups, and major disease categories: cancer, cardiometabolic diseases and respiratory diseases.ResultsIn 2016, 56,124 deaths were attributed to tobacco consumption, 84% in men (47,000), and 50% in the population aged over 74 (27,795). Overall, 50% of SAM was due to cancer (28,281), 65% of which was lung cancer. One in 4 attributable deaths (13,849) occurred before the age of 65.ConclusionsOne in 7 deaths in Spain in 2016 were attributable to smoking. This estimation of SAM clearly highlights the great impact of smoking on mortality in Spain, mainly due to lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.