芳香化酶抑制剂对绝经后乳腺癌患者的骨密度影响

目的评估芳香化酶抑制剂(aromatase inhibitors,AIs)对绝经后乳腺癌患者骨密度(bonemineral density,BMD)的影响。方法利用双能X线骨密度仪对203例绝经后乳腺癌妇女进行腰椎正位(L1-L4)、左侧股骨颈以及左侧全髋的BMD测定,其中103例患者接受了AIs治疗,对照组为100例同年龄段未接受AIs治疗的乳腺癌患者。结果接受AIs治疗患者的腰椎、左股骨颈和左侧全髋三个部位的BMD均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。病例组中有67例(65.0%)被诊断为骨量减少,24例(23.3%)被诊断为骨质疏松;对照组中有60例(60.0%)被诊断为骨量减少,19例(19.0%)被诊断为骨质疏松。病例组患者中骨质疏松加骨量减少的总发生率高于对照组,两组间有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论绝经后乳腺癌患者存在不同程度的骨量减少和骨质疏松,芳香化酶抑制剂对乳腺癌患者的骨密度具有负面影响,对接受芳香化酶抑制剂治疗的绝经后乳腺癌患者,应当定期监测其骨密度和采取适当的预防性骨质疏松治疗,以减少骨质疏松和骨折的风险。     

乳腺癌芳香化酶抑制剂治疗期间骨丢失的长期随访结果

目的 评估绝经后激素受体阳性早期乳腺癌患者术后5年芳香化酶抑制剂（aromatase inhibitor,AI）辅助内分泌治疗过程中的骨丢失情况,为骨健康管理提供依据。方法 本研究为前瞻性观察性研究,入组绝经后激素受体阳性早期乳腺癌患者,接受股骨颈、全髋和腰椎L1-L4等部位的双能X线骨密度检测。AI辅助内分泌治疗前进行基线骨密度检查,治疗期间每年检查骨密度1次。分析AI治疗过程中骨密度变化以及骨质疏松发生率。结果 2013年11月至2016年8月共纳入131例患者,中位年龄60岁,中位绝经年龄50岁,AI治疗时间60～100个月。中位随访86个月,AI治疗5年期间患者腰椎、股骨颈、全髋骨密度逐年下降,5年骨密度总下降率分别为6.90%、5.68%、7.14%,其中第1年骨密度下降最快,第2～5年骨密度平稳下降。腰椎骨密度第1年变化率显著高于第2～5年骨密度变化率（P＜0.01）。进一步分层分析显示,基线骨密度、年龄以及体质量指数值未影响患者骨密度下降率。5年间共17例（17%）患者新发骨质疏松,其中15例为基线骨量低下患者,76%出现在腰椎（13/17）,骨折发生率2%（2/100）。结论 绝经后早期乳腺癌患者5年AI辅助内分泌治疗期间骨密度呈持续下降趋势。应加强AI治疗期间的骨健康管理,早期干预减少骨质疏松的发生。     

阿托伐他汀联合阿司匹林对绝经期冠心病妇女骨密度及骨生化和代谢的影响

目的观察阿托伐他汀联合阿司匹林对绝经期冠心病妇女骨密度及骨生化和代谢的影响。方法 60名绝经后冠心病患者,按随机数字表法将其分为治疗组(n=30)、及对照组(n=30)。对照组给予阿司匹林治疗,治疗组给予阿托伐他汀联合阿司匹林治疗,12个月。测定治疗不同时间段患者,腰椎1-4(L1-4)、股骨颈、股骨大转子及全髋BMD及血钙(Ca)、血磷(P)、血清1型前胶原N端前肽(P1NP)及1型胶原羧基端降解产物(β-CTX)水平的变化情况。结果治疗后6个月及12个月,两组患者的骨密度都有不同程度提高,治疗组腰椎1-4(L1-4)、股骨颈、股骨大转子及全髋骨密度均显著高于同时期对照组(P0.05);治疗后6个月及12个月,两组患者的血Ca、P、β-CTX及P1NP都有不同程度改变,血Ca、P、β-CTX较治疗前明显下降,P1NP明显上升(P0.05),而治疗组改变明显高于同期对照组(P0.05)。结论阿托伐他汀联合阿司匹林提升绝经期冠心病妇女患者骨密度,改善骨生化和代谢状态。     

绝经妇女腰椎及髋关节定量cT骨密度测量诊断骨质疏松的初步研究

目的比较绝经后妇女L2-L4椎体及髋关节两个部位的定量CT骨密度（BMD )测量诊断骨 质疏松的效能。方法175例绝经妇女,年龄48-96岁,平均年龄为69 ±9岁。同时QCT测量L2-L4椎体的平均体积骨密度及髋关节类DXA的面积骨密度,右股骨颈和全髋二个感兴趣区（ROI )。 采用国际临床骨密度学会（ISCD )QCT骨质疏松诊断标准（<80 mg/cm3 )和WHO髋关节DXA骨密 度诊断标准即股骨颈或全髋感兴趣区的T值（-2.5 SD )进行骨质疏松诊断。比较二者诊断骨质疏 松的效能。结果175绝经后妇女中,QCT骨密度测量腰椎部位骨密度值骨质疏松的检出率是44%( 77/175 )。如果采用髋部检查股骨颈部位为11%.( 19/175 ),全髋部位为14%.( 24/175 ),或二者任一 部位为18%_( 31/175 )。如果只做腰椎,不做髋关节,有7人漏诊,而如果只做髋关节,不做腰椎会漏 诊44人。结论采用QCT骨密度测量,绝经妇女腰椎检查骨质疏松检出率为44%_,而髋部检查检出 率为18%_。采用QCT骨密度测量,测量腰椎一个部位就可以诊断骨质疏松。     

甲状旁腺激素联合鲑鱼降钙素治疗老年骨质疏松合并GardenⅠ型股骨颈骨折临床疗效观察

目的甲状旁腺激素联合鲑鱼降钙素治疗老年骨质疏松合并Garden Ⅰ股骨颈骨折疗效的观察及分析,为老年骨质疏松合并股骨颈骨折寻找到安全可靠,更具有良好疗效的治疗方案。方法 2011年1月至2016年1月间收治的老年性骨质疏松患者合并Garden Ⅰ股骨颈骨折68例,采用随机数字表法将其分为治疗组和对照组,每组34例,两组患者均接受保守治疗。治疗组患者加用甲状旁腺激素联合鲑鱼降钙素治疗,比较两组患者治疗后患者视觉模拟痛疼评分(VAS)、髋关节Harris功能评分、骨折愈合时间及股骨颈及腰椎的骨密度改变。结果治疗后1个月、3个月、6个月两组患者VAS评分均明显降低,且治疗组患者评分明显低于对照组(P0.05);治疗后3个月、6个月两组患者的Harris评分均明显上升,且治疗组患者评分明显高于对照组(P0.05);治疗组骨折愈合的时间明显少于对照组(P0.05);治疗后3个月、6个月两组患者股骨颈及腰椎的骨密度,治疗组患者骨密度较治疗前显著改善(P0.05),而对照组治疗前后上述指标无明显变化(P0.05)。结论甲状旁腺激素联合鲑鱼降钙素治疗老年骨质疏松合并Garden Ⅰ股骨颈骨折是一种安全、疗效更好的方法。     

绝经前女性系统性红斑狼疮患者骨密度和骨代谢指标测定

目的 探讨绝经前女性系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者骨密度(BMD)和骨代谢指标的变化.方法 采用双能x线骨密度吸收仪(DEXA)测定178例绝经前女性SLE患者以及60例正常对照组的腰椎、股骨颈的骨密度以及T值,血钙、磷浓度,血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、血清骨钙素(BGP)、尿I型胶原交联氨基末端肽(NTX)水平,并将SLE组患者分为SLE初诊组与治疗组,分别对其数据进行统计分析.结果 SLE初诊组的腰椎BMD,股骨颈BMD及T值,血清AKP、尿NTX较正常对照组均无明显差异,而腰椎骨密度T值、血清BGP较正常对照组低(P＜O.05);SLE治疗组的腰椎BMD、T值和股骨颈1值,血清BGP低于正常对照组,但股骨颈BMD、血清AKP、尿NTX较正常对照组差异未达统计学意义;SLE治疗组的腰椎、股骨颈BMD与T值均显著低于SLE初诊组.SLE组的骨质疏松及骨量减少率分别为6.74%、16.85%.结论 绝经前SLE患者较同年龄正常女性易发生骨质疏松,血清BGP和腰椎骨密度可能较早反映骨质疏松的发生.     

甲状旁腺激素(1-34)对空心钉治疗老年股骨颈骨折合并骨质疏松症的疗效影响

目的甲状旁腺激素(1-34)对空心钉治疗老年股骨颈骨折合并骨质疏松症疗效的观察及分析,为老年股骨颈骨折合并骨质疏松寻找到安全可靠,更具有良好疗效的治疗方案。方法 2010年1月至2016年1月间收治的老年股骨颈骨折合并骨质疏松患者78例,采用随机数字表法将其分为治疗组和对照组,每组39例,两组患者均接受空心钉治疗。治疗患者术后加用甲状旁腺激素治疗,比较两组患者治疗后患者视觉模拟痛疼评分(VAS)、髋关节Harris功能评分、骨折愈合时间及股骨颈及腰椎的骨密度改变。结果术后1、3、6个月两组患者VAS评分均明显降低,且治疗组患者评分明显低于对照组(P0.05);术后3、6个月两组患者的Harris评分均明显上升,且治疗组患者评分明显高于对照组(P0.05);治疗组骨折愈合的时间明显少于对照组(P0.05);术后3、6个月两组患者股骨颈及腰椎的骨密度,治疗组患者骨密度较术前显著改善(P0.05),而对照组治疗前后上述指标无明显变化(P0.05)。结论甲状旁腺激素对空心钉治疗老年股骨颈骨折合并骨质疏松症是一种安全、疗效更好的方法。     

甲状旁腺激素(1-34)和阿仑膦酸钠治疗骨质疏松症合并类风湿关节炎疗效的对比研究

目的比较甲状旁腺激素(parathyroid hormone,PTH)(1-34)和阿仑膦酸钠(alendronate,ALN)治疗骨质疏松症合并类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)女性患者的疗效。方法选取98例于2017年2月至2017年11月在我院就诊诊断为骨质疏松症合并RA的绝经后女性患者。按照治疗方案将患者分为PTH组和ALN组,两组患者分别接受特立帕肽或阿仑膦酸钠治疗,观察治疗6个月后两组患者骨密度和骨代谢指标的改变。结果在两组治疗6个月后,腰椎的骨密度较治疗前均有显著增加(P0.05)。与ALN组相比,PTH组治疗6个月腰椎骨密度的平均变化百分比显然更高;而股骨颈骨密度仅在PTH组显著增加。结论甲状旁腺激素(1-34)在短期治疗骨质疏松症合并类风湿女性患者时,效果较阿仑膦酸钠更佳。     

国产重组人甲状旁腺素(1-34)对绝经后骨质疏松症的治疗作用研究

目的评价国产重组人甲状旁腺素(1-34)治疗绝经后骨质疏松症的临床疗效和安全性。方法入选绝经后骨质疏松症患者37例,年龄64.2±8.1岁,采用自身前后对照试验设计,每日皮下注射重组人甲状旁腺素(1-34)20μg,同时口服钙尔奇D600 0.6g/d,试验时间6个月,观察患者治疗前后骨密度变化、骨折发生情况,以及血尿常规、肝肾功、电解质、心电图改变等。结果试验期间有1例脱落;经过6个月治疗后,患者L1骨密度增加23.2%(P<0.05),L2骨密度增加18.0%(P<0.05),L3骨密度增加12.5%(P<0.05),L4骨密度增加19.9%(P<0.05),腰椎平均骨密度增加17.8%(P<0.05),股骨颈骨密度增加2.2%(P>0.05),大粗隆骨密度降低6.0%(P>0.05),Wards区骨密度降低1.3%(P>0.05);试验期间新发骨折2例,1例右肱骨骨折,另1例腰椎压缩骨折,无其他严重不良事件发生。结论重组人甲状旁腺素(1-34)治疗绝经后骨质疏松症有效,对腰椎骨密度改善显著,不良反应较轻。     

甲状旁腺激素联合鲑鱼降钙素治疗老年骨质疏松合并Garden I型股骨颈骨折临床疗效观察

目的 甲状旁腺激素联合鲑鱼降钙素治疗老年骨质疏松合并Garden I股骨颈骨折疗效的观察及分析,为老年骨质疏松合并股骨颈骨折寻找到安全可靠,更具有良好疗效的治疗方案。方法 2011年1月至2016年1月间收治的老年性骨质疏松患者合并Garden I股骨颈骨折68例,采用随机数字表法将其分为治疗组和对照组,每组34例,两组患者均接受保守治疗。治疗组患者加用甲状旁腺激素联合鲑鱼降钙素治疗,比较两组患者治疗后患者视觉模拟痛疼评分（VAS)、髋关节Harris功能评分、骨折愈合时间及股骨颈及腰椎的骨密度改变。结果 治疗后1个月、3个月、6个月两组患者VAS评分均明显降低,且治疗组患者评分明显低于对照组（P<0. 05);治疗后3个月、6个月两组患者的Harris评分均明显上升,且治疗组患者评分明显高于对照组（P<0.05);治疗组骨折愈合的时间明显少于对照组（P<0.05);治疗后3个月、6个月两组患者股骨颈及腰椎的骨密度,治疗组患者骨密度较治疗前显著改善（P<0. 05),而对照组治疗前后上述指标无明显变化（P<0. 05)。结论 甲状旁腺激素联合鲑鱼降钙素治疗老年骨质疏松合并Garden I股骨颈骨折是一种安全、疗效更好的方法。     

Performing a colonoscopy 12 months after surgery for colorectal neoplasia

BACKGROUND: There appears to be acceptance that following up patients after surgery for colorectal neoplasia is of value. However, specific issues relating to which investigations to perform and how often remain unresolved. The aim of this project was to evaluate the clinical utility of performing a colonoscopy 12 months after curative surgery for colorectal neoplasia. METHODS: Patients were selected if they had undergone a curative resection for colorectal neoplasia, and if they had had a completed colonoscopy prior to surgery. Study endpoints included: (i) compliance with follow up; (ii) the prevalence, total number, size, and histology of polyps; and (iii) identification of recurrent or metachronous cancer. RESULTS: The study group included 253 patients of mean age 69.7 years (SD 11.6) and a male : female ratio of 1.4:1.0. Colonoscopies were completed on 90% of patients at a mean of 1.1 years following surgery. A total of 149 polyps were identified in 30% of patients. On histology, 42% were tubular adenomas, 6% tubulo-villous adenomas, 7% were villous adenomas, and 37% were hyperplastic. Advanced adenomas were identified in 7.9% of patients (95% CI 4.8-12.1%). No recurrent or metachronous cancers were identified. CONCLUSION: We have observed a high prevalence of advanced adenomas in patients undergoing a 12-month, follow-up colonoscopy after curative surgery for colorectal neoplasia. The significance of these observations requires further evaluation.     

Subtotal parathyroidectomy for tertiary hyperparathyroidism thirty-two months after renal transplantation

A patient is reported who had persistent hypercalcemia for thirty-two months after renal transplantation. The incidence of tertiary hyperparathyroidism after transplantation for chronic renal disease appears to be between 1 and 7 per cent. The etiology, management, and complications of parathyroid hyperplasia are reviewed. It is suggested that this complication is not reversible in some instances and that an arbitrary period of nine months to one year of medical management be allowed prior to surgical intervention by subtotal parathyroidectomy.     

Lymphaticovenular anastomoses for lymphedema treatment: 18 months postoperative outcomes

The purpose of this work was to report our initial experience with lymphaticovenular anastomoses (LVA), a controversial technique for lymphedema treatment. Although LVA technique was described many years ago, the procedure is not as widespread as it was supposed to be, taking into account the high impact that lymphedema has in the quality of life of patients. Thus, 12 patients, 5 with lower limb and 7 with upper limb lymphedema, underwent LVA surgery under local anesthesia. Two patients were excluded from the study due to the lack of follow-up. At 18 months, 8 out 10 patients showed a variable objective reduction of the perimeter of the limbs and 9 patients presented a subjective clinical improvement. These results joined to the outcomes of the most experienced surgeons in this field are encouraging, although there are still many issues that need to be addressed with research to optimize the efficacy of this technique.     

The renal-resistive index from the last 3 months of pregnancy to 6 months old

OBJECTIVE: To measure the renal resistive index (RI, an estimate of renal vascular resistance, used to assess upper tract obstructive uropathy) from the last trimester of pregnancy to the sixth month of life in a large series of healthy subjects, and thus to identify normal values that can be used routinely. During the first semester of life significant haemodynamic changes during the physiological development of the kidney cause considerable variability in RI, which is thus considered less reliable in this period. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: From September 1998 to October 1999, 93 subjects (186 renal units, RU) were enrolled; 32 were fetuses in the last trimester of pregnancy (group 1, 64 RU) and 61 were children (122 RU), 30 aged 0-1 month (group 2, 60 RU), 20 aged 1-3 months (group 3, 40 RU) and 11 aged 3-6 months (group 4, 22 RU). All subjects underwent colour Doppler ultrasonography and the RI of the renal artery was measured for each kidney. RESULTS: The RI was very high in group 1 but decreased noticeably during the first 6 months of life, reaching values similar to those in adults after the third month. The variability in RI continuously declined with age, becoming less important. The normal ranges for groups 1-4 were 0.67-0.88, 0.57-0.90, 0.60-0.84 and 0.65-0.75, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the left and right kidneys. CONCLUSION: In the first semester of life there is more than one landmark value of RI depending on the month of age of the infant. This should be considered when assessing upper tract obstructive uropathies after birth and the RI should be compared with the normal ranges reported herein.     

Transobturator tape for female stress incontinence: follow-up after 24 months

Objective:

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of transobturator vaginal tape (TOT) in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and to analyze functional results and quality of life after 24 months follow-up.

Methods:

The study included all women with SUI who underwent a TOT procedure in which the sling passes from the obturator foramen from the outside to the inside, under general or regional anesthesia from December 2004 to January 2006. All study patients must have had a minimal follow-up of 24 months. The patients were prospectively evaluated, and the following factors were assessed: number of pads used per day, physical examination including pelvic examination, urinalysis, urogenital distress inventory (UDI-6), analog global satisfaction scale (GSS), pad weight test, and urodynamic studies including filling cystometry and Valsalva leak point pressure (VLPP) test.

Results:

Fifty-two consecutive patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria underwent TOT procedure by 1 surgeon. The mean age was 50 ±9 (range 37–72) and minimal follow-up was 24 months (range 24–30 months). Two patients were lost to follow-up after 12 months and 3 patients did not come for the 24-month evaluation. The mean operative time was 18 minutes ±4 (range 15–31), with an average amount of bleeding 57 cc ±22cc. Our results demonstrate a 92% cure or improvement rate after 12 months, and an 85% after 24 months.

Conclusion:

The transobturator approach from outside to inside is a very effective treatment of SUI with low morbidity. However, longer follow-up in larger populations should assess the long-term reliability of this procedure.     

The male sling for post-prostatectomy incontinence: mean followup of 18 months

PURPOSE: We review our experience with 42 consecutive patients undergoing the bone anchored male sling procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed, and complete data and followup were available in 38 of the 42 patients. Success was defined as wearing 1 thin pad or less per day, or social continence. Variables such as severity of incontinence, age, detrusor overactivity, previous artificial urinary sphincter, history of radiation and intraoperative flow pressures were analyzed for success and risk of failure. RESULTS: With a mean followup of 18 months (range 6 to 26), 39.5% (15 of 38) were considered a success (socially continent). A statistically significant trend in the degree of preoperative incontinence predicting success was identified. Social continence in mild, moderate and severe cases was achieved in 67%, 50% and 0%, respectively (p =0.001/95% CI). Only 15.8% of patients were completely dry and not wearing pads. Significant perineal pain was reported in the early postoperative period but resolved in all patients. Infection occurred in 3 patients with erosion found in 1. CONCLUSIONS: Although these results are not as encouraging as previous reports, carefully selected patients with mild to moderate incontinence are good candidates for the male sling. Patients with a history of radiation, previous artificial urinary sphincter or severe incontinence should be counseled about the higher risk of treatment failure. Patients should be informed of the possibility of progressive failure with time and the occurrence of significant perineal pain in the early postoperative period.