超前镇痛在小儿扁桃体和腺样体切除术中的应用

目的 观察氟比洛芬酯、曲马多、氯胺酮用于全麻下小儿扁桃体和腺样体切除术后患者的镇痛效果及安全性,以及找到适合小儿短小手术的超前镇痛药物,从而减少小儿全麻苏醒期的躁动及减轻术后疼痛.方法 选择择期在全麻行扁桃体、腺样体切除术的患儿80例,年龄4岁～14岁,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级I～Ⅱ级.采用完全随机双盲法将患儿分为4组:F组为氟比洛芬酯超前镇痛组,K组为氯胺酮超前镇痛组,T组为曲马多超前镇痛组,C组为空白对照组,每组20例.F组于手术开始前10 min缓慢静脉注射氟比洛芬酯1 mg/kg.K组于手术开始前10 min缓慢静脉注射氯胺酮0.5 mg/kg.T组于手术开始前10 min缓慢静脉注射曲马多2 mg/kg.C组于手术开始前10 min缓慢静脉注射生理盐水3ml.观察术后镇痛评分,苏醒期躁动评分,循环、呼吸、血氧饱和度变化及副作用.结果 术后苏醒期躁动评分F组、K组和T组明显低于C组.术后0hF组、K组、T组视觉模拟(VAS)评分和改良目的评分法(MOPS评分)分别为(0.6±1.0)和(0.8±1.0)、(1.9±1.9)和(1.8±1.7)、(0.8±1.4)和(0.8±1.3),均明显低于C组的(3.7±1.7)和(3.5±1.5)(P＜0.01);F组VAS评分在术后8h为(0.9±1.0)显著低于K组(1.8±1.7)、T组(1.8±0.7)和C组(1.7±0.7)(P＜0.01);F组MOPS评分为(0.3±0.7)在术后8h低于C组(0.7±0.6)(P＜0.05);F组和T组VAS评分在术后0h低于K组(P＜0.05).4组术后各个时点的循环、呼吸、血氧饱和度变化均在正常范围,F组血压在术后0h显著低于K组、T组和C组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).4组均无心律失常、呼吸抑制、凝血功能异常发生,恶心、呕吐、头晕、烦躁、做噩梦、腹痛等副作用发生率4组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后睡眠不佳发生率C组高于F组(P＜0.05).结论 氟比洛芬酯、氯胺酮、曲马多均能有效减少苏醒期躁动,但氯胺酮、曲马多均未显示超前镇痛效果,氟比洛芬酯超前镇痛效果良好,作用时间长,能有效缓解小儿短小手术的术后疼痛,无明显副作用,可安全用于小儿短小手术的术后镇痛.     

氟比洛芬酯与曲马多用于子宫动脉栓塞下刮宫术后镇痛效果的观察

目的观察氟比洛芬酯和曲马多用于因子宫瘢痕妊娠行子宫动脉栓塞下刮宫术后患者静脉自控镇痛的效果。方法子宫瘢痕妊娠患者54例,拟行子宫动脉栓塞下刮宫术,随机均分为三组:F组(氟比洛芬酯),负荷量1mg/kg,按压剂量5mg,输注剂量7.5mg/h;T组(曲马多),负荷量1mg/kg,按压剂量10mg,输注剂量15mg/h;C组(生理盐水),负荷量5ml,按压剂量2ml,输注剂量3ml/h;记录刮宫术前和苏醒后1、4、8、12、24h的HR、MAP、VAS评分、24h内按压次数和恶心呕吐。结果各时点HR、MAP、VAS评分和按压次数F组和T组比较差异无统计学意义,但与C组比较,F、T组HR减慢,MAP降低(P<0.05),按压次数和VAS评分均显著降低(P<0.01)。三组间恶心呕吐发生率差异无统计学意义。结论氟比洛芬酯与曲马多用于子宫动脉栓塞下刮宫术后镇痛效果良好。     

氟比洛芬酯预防/减少全麻术后躁动与咽喉疼痛的临床观察

目的探讨氟比洛芬酯超前镇痛预防/减少全麻术后躁动与咽喉疼痛的有效性。方法选择胸科手术180例患者,随机双盲分为氟比洛芬酯组(F组,n=90)和对照组(C组,n=90),分别于气管插管后静注氟比洛芬酯10ml(100mg)或安慰剂(脂肪乳剂)10ml。观察项目:(1)在麻醉恢复室(PACU)中躁动的发生率,躁动程度0~3级评估;(2)术后24h咽喉疼痛发生率,咽喉疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS),咽喉疼痛程度0~3级评价。结果使用氟比洛芬酯超前镇痛,术后躁动发生率F组5·6%,C组36·7%,C组间比较差异有显著意义(P<0·01),术后躁动程度F组较C组明显减轻(P<0·01);咽喉疼痛发生率F组22·2%,C组53·3%,C组间比较差异有显著意义(P<0·01);咽喉疼痛VAS:F组(0·97±1·06)分,C组(2·79±1·46)分,差异有显著意义(P<0·01),F组咽喉疼痛程度明显轻于C组(P<0·01)。结论全麻诱导插管后静注氟比洛芬酯100mg作为超前镇痛,能有效预防/减少全麻病人术后躁动和咽喉疼痛。     

帕瑞昔布钠和氟比洛芬酯用于小儿扁桃体和腺样体切除术的比较

目的观察帕瑞昔布钠和氟比洛芬酯在小儿扁桃体和腺样体切除手术术后的镇痛效果及副作用的发生情况。方法选择全麻下行扁桃体和腺样体摘除术的患儿60例,年龄5岁～8岁,按随机数字表法均分为3组（每组20例）：A组（帕瑞昔布钠组）、B组（氟比洛芬酯组）和c组（生理盐水对照组）。A组和B组于麻醉插管后手术开始前15min分别静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠1mg／kg和氟比洛芬酯1mg／kg,C组静脉注射生理盐水2ml。观察手术时间、拔管时间、苏醒期反应、恢复期疼痛评分、术中瑞芬太尼总量以及副作用。结果3组患儿手术时间、拔管时间和术中瑞芬太尼总量相比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;苏醒期躁动发生率：A组和B组患儿均为5％,C组为55％,A组和B组明显低于C组（P〈0．01）;术后各时间点的疼痛评分C组明显高于A组和B组（P〈0．01）;A组和B组均无恶心呕吐发生,C组恶心呕吐发生率为5％。结论帕瑞昔布钠和氟比洛芬酯用于小儿扁桃体和腺样体切除手术均可获得良好的镇痛效果,减少拔管期躁动的发生,且不延迟拔管时间。     

妇科腹腔镜手术碳酸利多卡因盆腔冲洗联合创口浸润与氟比洛芬酯术后镇痛效果的比较

目的比较妇科腹腔镜手术碳酸利多卡因盆腔冲洗联合创口浸润与氟比洛芬酯术后镇痛的效果。方法择期全麻下妇科腹腔镜手术患者60例,采用随机数字表法分为三组。F组:手术结束静脉注射氟比洛芬酯100mg;L组:手术结束用0.35%碳酸利多卡因100ml冲洗盆腔,并用0.87%碳酸利多卡因10ml对腹部创口局部浸润;FL组:联合应用F组和L组的方法。在PACU病房中分别采用舒芬太尼5μg和曲马多100mg补充镇痛,必要时可重复注射。记录术后1、4、8、12、24h的VAS疼痛评分,及术后镇痛药的用量和第一次肛门排气的时间。记录术后恶心呕吐的发生率以及口周麻木、眩晕和耳鸣等不良反应。结果术后1~24hFL组VAS疼痛评分明显低于F组和L组(P0.05),术后1hL组VAS疼痛评分明显低于F组(P0.05)。F组和L组分别有4例和5例患者使用了舒芬太尼,F组有1例使用了曲马多,FL组术后无患者需要补充镇痛。三组患者术后恶心呕吐的发生率差异无统计学意义。结论妇科腹腔镜手术后碳酸利多卡因盆腔冲洗和创口局部浸润联合静脉氟比洛芬酯较单独应用明显减轻了患者术后疼痛程度,减少了术后镇痛药的使用,且没有增加恶心呕吐的发生率。     

舒芬太尼复合氟比洛芬酯预防胸腔镜手术全麻苏醒期躁动的临床观察

目的 观察舒芬太尼复合氟比洛芬醋预防胸腔镜手术全麻苏醒期躁动的效果与安全性.方法 择期行胸腔镜手术患者60例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机均分为三组,分别于术毕前20 min静脉注射舒芬太尼0.15 μg/kg(S组),舒芬太尼0.08 μg/kg+氟比洛芬酯50 mg(F组),2 ml生理盐水(C组).观察术后躁动程度,并记录恶心、呕吐、嗜睡、呼吸抑制等不良反应的发生率.结果 S组与F组躁动发生率明显低于C组(P<0.05).结论 舒芬太尼复合氟比洛芬酯可以明显减少胸腔镜手术全麻苏醒期躁动的发生,并减少舒芬太尼和曲马多用量.     

氟比洛芬酯和曲马多超前镇痛应用于七氟醚麻醉的比较

目的比较氟比洛芬酯和曲马多在七氟醚全身麻醉术前应用的效果及对其苏醒期躁动的预防作用。方法60例择期肝胆手术患者按完全随机分组法分成氟比洛芬酯组、曲马多组和生理盐水组,每组20例。手术开始前10min,氟比洛芬酯组静脉注射氟比洛芬酯img／kg,曲马多组静脉注射曲马2mg/kg,生理盐水组静脉注射生理盐水10ml,分别于T1（麻醉诱导前）、T2[拔除气管导管前（停药10min）]、L（拔管时）、T4（拔管后10min）,观察3组平均动脉压（mean artery pressure,MAP）、心率（heart rate,HR）、脉搏血氧饱和度（pulse oxygen saturation,SpO2）、睁眼时间、拔管时间、术后疼痛评分和躁动分级。结果氟比洛芬酯、曲马多组在T2、T1、T4 3个时间点的血压、HR明显低于生理盐水组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,无SpO2低者。氟比洛芬酯组睁眼及拔管时间分别为（11±4）min和（13±3）min,生理盐水组睁眼及拔管时间分别为（11±3）min和（14±3）min,均明显短于曲马多组睁眼[（15±4）min]及拔管时间[（18±5）min]（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。躁动发生率氟比洛芬酯组（O）和曲马多组（20％）明显低于生理盐水组（55％）（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。视觉模拟评分（visualanaloguescale,VAS）术后0．5、2h,氟比洛芬酯组[（2．2±0．6）、（2．1±0．8）]和曲马多组[（3．0±1．1）、（2．6±1．0）]明显低于生理盐水组[（4．1±0.7）、（3．9±0．6）]（P〈0．05）。结论氟比洛芬酯和曲马多用于七氟醚全身麻醉可产生良好的超前镇痛作用,并可预防术后躁动的发生,但曲马多对患者的苏醒有延迟作用。     

曲马多及氟比洛芬脂在肠道手术后自控镇痛的比较研究

目的评价曲马多及氟比洛芬脂用于肠道手术后患者自控镇痛（PCA）的安全性及有效性。方法50例在全麻下行肠道肿瘤切除术的患者，随机分为曲马多组（T组）和氟比洛芬脂组（F组），每组各25例。将所配制药液注入PCA泵，设定PCA泵给药速率为2ml／h，术毕半小时前F组静注氟比洛芬脂50mg以及嘲静注曲马多100mg作为镇痛首量，术毕时启动PCA泵进行镇痛，镇痛完毕后由患者对镇痛治疗总体印象评分，并记录发生的副作用。结果在患者镇痛总体印象评分中，F组镇痛满意的比例略高于T组，但无统计学差异。F组患者头晕的发生率为0，明显低于曲马多组（32％）；T组恶心与呕吐的发生率占44％，明显高于F组（4％）（P〈0．05）。结论氟比洛芬脂用于肠道肿瘤切除术后PCA的效果与曲马多接近，但副作用少，更适用于急性疼痛的治疗。     

氟比洛芬酯对大肠癌患者术后血清IL-2、IL-6的影响

为探讨氟比洛芬酯静脉注射对大肠癌患者术后血清白介素-2（IL-2）、白介素-6（IL-6）的影响,将120例ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级拟行直肠癌根治术的患者随机分为3组,氟比洛芬酯组（F组）、吗啡组（M组）和曲马多组（T组）各40例。3组均以咪达唑仑0．06mg／kg、芬太尼5μg／kg、丙泊酚1.0mg／kg、罗库溴铵1．5mg／kg麻醉诱导后行气管插管,以七氟烷吸入维持麻醉深度（MAC值2．1左右）,术中间断静脉注射顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵维持肌松。于麻醉诱导前10minM组静脉注射吗啡0．1mg／kg,T组静脉注射曲马多1．5mg／kg,F组静脉注射氟比洛芬酯1．5mg／kg。3组分别于术前（T0）、手术结束后3h（T1）、术后1d（T2）和术后3d（T3）取外周静脉血以酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）测定血清中IL-2、IL-6的浓度。记录患者术后不良反应,包括恶心、呕吐、皮肤瘙痒等。结果显示,M组IL-2水平在术后3h开始下降（P〈0．05）,术后1d时下降到更低的水平（P〈0．01）,术后3d时略有回升,但仍然低于麻醉前的水平（P〈0．05）;T组IL-2水平在术后3h与麻醉前比较无差异,术后1d后逐渐升高（P〈0．05）,在术后3d恢复到术前水平（P〉0．05）;F组IL-2水平术后3h明显升高,持续至术后1d,与麻醉前比较差异有显著性（P〈0．01）,术后3d后略有下降,但仍高于术前水平（P〈0．05）。3组IL-6血清浓度术后3h全部升高,术后1d达顶峰。T组与F组术后1d血清IL-6浓度与M组相比有统计学差异（P〈0．05）,而F组升高的幅度较T组小（P〈0．01）。术后3d F组与M组血清IL-6浓度相比,仍有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。M组不良反应的发生率显著高于其他两组（P〈0．05）。F组恶心、呕吐的发生率与M组相比有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结果表明,与吗啡和曲马多相比,氟比洛芬酯可更好地促进IL-2的分泌,抑制IL-6的升高,且术后不良反应发生率更低,围手术期镇痛更为安全有效。     

氟比洛芬酯静脉镇痛对妇科腹腔镜手术气管导管围拔管期不良反应的影响

目的观察氟比洛芬酯静脉镇痛对全麻腹腔镜手术围拔管期不良反应的影响。方法45例患者随机均分为三组,麻醉诱导前10min,A组静脉注射氟比洛芬酯50mg;缝皮停用麻醉药时,B组静脉注射氟比洛芬酯50mg,C组静脉注射曲马多100mg。在围拔管期,观察血压、心率、呼吸变化;清醒时间、拔管时间、停留术后复苏室时间;警觉/镇静评分(OAA/S)、视觉模拟评分(VAS)和围拔管期呛咳、躁动发生率等。结果与术前相比,三组患者在拔管时血压明显升高、心率加快(P<0.05);三组呼吸次数差异无统计学意义;患者的清醒时间、术毕至拔管时间及定向力恢复时间和停留术后复苏室时间C组较A和B组长(P<0.05),OAA/S评分C组较A和B组低(P<0.05),VASB组较A和C组高,但差异无统计学意义;患者的躁动和呛咳发生率三组间差异无统计学意义。结论氟比洛芬酯能够比较好的抑制腹腔镜手术患者气管导管围拔管期不良反应,术前应用效果更佳,且术后苏醒迅速和完全。     

Caudal bupivacaine-tramadol combination for postoperative analgesia in pediatric herniorrhaphy

BACKGROUND: Administration of bupivacaine caudally has been used for postoperative analgesia after urogenital, rectal and lower abdominal surgery in children. Caudal opioids may offer analgesic advantages over bupivacaine alone but have been associated with side effects such as respiratory depression. Tramadol is an analgesic assumed to lack a respiratory depressant effect and has been shown to provide effective, long-lasting analgesia after epidural administration in adults and children. The aim of this study was to determine whether the addition of tramadol to bupivacaine caudally prolongs the duration of analgesia compared with bupivacaine alone, with respect to side effects, and whether caudal tramadol alone provides satisfactory analgesia. METHODS: Sixty boys, aged 12-84 months, undergoing unilateral herniorrhaphy, were allocated randomly to three groups. Children in group B received 0.25% plain bupivacaine 1 ml kg(-1), group BT received an identical local anesthetic dose mixed with tramadol 1.5 mg kg(-1) and group T received caudal tramadol 1.5 mg kg(-1) in 0.9% sodium chloride in the same total volume (1 ml kg(-1)). Pain and demeanour assessments were made 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 and 24 h after recovery from anesthesia with reference to a three-point scale. RESULTS: Analgesia time (time between caudal injection and first administration of analgesic) in group BT (13.5+/-2.2 h) was significantly longer than in the other two groups (P<0.05). In group T, more patients required additional analgesia after surgery than in the other two groups (P<0.05). Pain scores in the three groups were similar up to 4 h after operation but the mean score in group T was higher than groups B and BT 4 and 6 h after operation (P<0.05). Significantly more patients who had received caudal bupivacaine alone or with tramadol had lower pain and demeanour scores during the first 24 h after operation compared with those in the tramadol group. CONCLUSION: Caudal administration of bupivacaine with the addition of tramadol resulted in superior analgesia with a longer period without demand for additional analgesics compared with caudal bupivacaine and tramadol alone without an increase of side effects.     

帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对老年病人术后认知功能的影响

目的 探讨帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对老年病人术后认知功能的影响.方法 择期行股骨头或全髋关节置换术的老年病人60例,均为小学文化程度,年龄69-83岁,体重47～73 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,术前简易智能状态量表评分＞23分,采用随机数字表法,将病人随机分为2组(n=30):对照组(C组)和帕瑞昔布钠组(P组).全麻诱导前,P组静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg,C组给予等容量生理盐水.术后行PCIA,药物为曲马多和芬太尼,术后维持VAS评分≤3分,术后镇痛效果不佳时则静脉注射芬太尼0.2 μg/kg.分别于术前1 d、术后1、4、24、72 h时抽取外周静脉血样3 ml,采用放射免疫法检测血浆皮质醇浓度;术后72 h内采用简易智能状态量表评价认知功能,记录术后认知功能障碍的发生情况,记录术后曲马多和芬太尼的PCIA用量和芬太尼补救用药情况.结果 与C组比较,P组术后血浆皮质醇浓度降低,芬太尼和曲马多PCIA用量减少,芬太尼补救用药率降低,术后认知功能障碍发生率降低(P＜0.05).结论 帕瑞昔布钠40 mg超前镇痛可降低老年病人术后认知功能障碍的发生.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of preemptive analgesia with parecoxib sodium on postoperative cognitive junction in the elderly patients.Methods Sixty ASA ⅠorⅡ patients aged 69-83 yr weighing 47-73 kg undergoing elective operation on the femoral head or hip joint were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=30 each):control group (group C) and parecoxib group (group P).Their preoperative mini-mental state examination scores were more than 23.Parecoxib sodium 40 mg in 5 ml normal saline was injected iv before induction of anesthesia in group P. Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with fentanyl and tramadol was used in all patients. VAS score was maintained ≤3. If VAS score was more than 3, a bolus of fentanyl 0.2 μg/kg was given iv.Venous blood samples were taken at 1 day before and 1, 4, 24 and 72 h after operation for determination of plasma concentrations of cortisol.Cognitive function was assessed by mini-mental state examination. The total amount of fentanyl and tramadol consumed was recorded. Results Plasma cortisol concentrations and incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction were significantly lower and the total amount of fentanyl and tramadol consumed was smaller in group P than in group C.Conclusion Preemptive analgesia with parecoxib sodium 40 mg can reduce the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the elderly patients.     

Tramadol via oral administration and superselective spinal anaesthesia in ‘one-day surgery’

The analgesic efficacy and tolerance of tramadol, particularly via oral administration, were evaluated in 180 patients (age range 18–69 years), undergoing ambulatory surgery and superselective spinal anaesthesia. The patients were divided into three groups (A, B and C). 40 drops of tramadol were administered to the subjects of group A 30 min before surgery; the same dose was administered to the patients of group B after surgery; no supplementary analgesia was administered to the group C. Intraoperatively, the respiratory and cardiovascular parameters were monitored in each group. Intraoperatively and postoperatively the degree of analgesia was evaluated by using a visual analogue score (VAS) and a four step verbal scale (FSVS). The results showed a significantly superior and prolonged analgesic effect in the groups treated with tramadol, particularly if it was administered before surgery. Furthermore an excellent profile of drug tolerance with no significant side effects, especially respiratory depression, were observed.     

细胞色素P450 2D6*10基因多态性对曲马多术后病人自控镇痛效果的影响

目的 探讨细胞色素P450 2D6* 10(CYP2D6* 10)基因多态性对曲马多术后病人自控镇痛(PCA)效果的影响.方法 全麻病人212例,年龄20～64岁,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.按基因型分为野生型纯合子(w/w)组,杂合子(m/w)组和突变型纯合子(m/m)组.手术结束前30 min静脉注射曲马多1.5mg/kg.清醒时VAS评分＞4分则静脉注射曲马多,若用量超过3 mg/kg则静脉注射芬太尼,至VAS评分≤4分后开始PCA,记录曲马多负荷量.曲马多PCA背景输注速率18 mg/h、16 h后降为12 mg/h、32h后降为9mg/h,PCA剂量22.5mg.记录术后6、12、24及48 h(T1～4)时曲马多累积用量.分别于T1、T3和T4时采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评价疼痛程度.于T4后行PCA镇痛效果评价.结果 与w/w组相比,m/m组曲马多负荷量、T1～3时曲马多累积用量均升高,清醒和T1时VAS评分升高(P＜0.05);与m/w组相比,m/m组曲马多负荷量、T3时曲马多累积用量均升高,T1时VAS评分升高(P＜0.05).结论 C YP2D6* 10基因多态性为曲马多术后镇痛药效学个体差异的因素之一.     

帕瑞昔布钠用于肺叶切除术病人超前镇痛的效果

目的 评价帕瑞昔布钠用于肺叶切除术病人超前镇痛的效果.方法 择期行开胸肺叶切除术病人60例,性别不限,年龄20～64岁,体重50～80 kg,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为3组(n=20):对照组(C组)不给予帕瑞昔布钠;帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛组(A组)于术前20 min静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg;帕瑞昔布钠组(B组)于缝皮时静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg.术后行自控静脉镇痛(舒芬太尼2μg/kg和盐酸雷莫司琼0.6 mg加生理盐水至100 ml,镇痛泵负荷剂量10 ml,持续背景剂量2ml/h,PCA量0.5ml,锁定时间15 min),VAS评分＞3分时静脉注射曲马多1～2mg/kg.记录术后躁动发生情况,记录术后24h内镇痛泵按压次数、有效按压次数、舒芬太尼用量及补救用药使用情况.结果 与C组比较,A组和B组术后躁动发生率降低,术后24h内镇痛泵按压次数、有效按压次数、舒芬太尼消耗量和补救用药使用率降低(P＜0.05);与B组比较,A组术后24h内镇痛泵按压次数、有效按压次数、舒芬太尼消耗量和补救用药使用率降低(P＜0.05).结论 帕瑞昔布钠用于肺叶切除术病人具有超前镇痛作用,有助于降低麻醉恢复期并发症,产生阿片类镇痛药的节俭作用.     

The postoperative analgesic effect of tramadol when used as subcutaneous local anesthetic

Recently, it has been shown that tramadol was an effective local anesthetic in minor surgery. In this study, its efficacy for relieving postoperative pain was evaluated. Forty patients undergoing minor surgery (lipoma excision and scar revision) under local anesthesia were included. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups: In group T (n = 20), 2 mg/kg tramadol, and in group L (n = 20), 1 mg/kg lidocaine were given subcutaneously. In both groups, the injection volume was 5 mL containing 1/200,000 adrenalin. The degree of the erythema, burning sensation, and pain at the injection site were recorded. Incision response, which is a degree of the pain sensation during incision, was recorded and graded with the visual analog scale (VAS) 0-10. After incision, VAS values were recorded at 15-min intervals. When the VAS score of the pain during surgery exceeded 4, an additional 0.5 mg/kg of the study drug was injected and this dosage was added to the total amount. Patients were discharged on the same day. Subjects with VAS > or =4 were advised to take paracetamol as needed. No side effects were recorded in either group except for 1 patient complaining of nausea in group T at the 30th min of operation. After 24 h, patients were called and the time of first analgesic use and total analgesic dose taken during the postoperative period were recorded. During the 24 postoperative hours, 18 of 20 (90%) subjects did not need any type of analgesia in group T, whereas this number was 10 (50%) in group L (P < 0.05). The time span before taking first analgesic medication was longer (4.9 +/- 0.3 h) in group T than that of group L (4.4 +/- 0.7 h) (P < 0.05). We propose that tramadol can be used as an alternative drug to lidocaine for minor surgeries because of its ability to decrease the demand for postoperative analgesia.     

诱导前给予地佐辛对口腔癌患者术后镇痛效果的影响

目的探讨诱导前给予地佐辛对口腔癌根治术患者术后镇痛效果的影响。方法选择全麻下择期行口腔癌根治术患者60例,男36例,女24例,年龄35~65岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为两组,每组30例。于麻醉诱导前15min经静脉分别给予地佐辛0.15mg/kg(D组)或等量生理盐水5ml(C组)。术后均给予舒芬太尼静脉自控镇痛。检测注射地佐辛(或生理盐水)前(T_0)、术后2h(T_1)和12h(T_2)时血浆皮质醇(Cor)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACT_H)和血清C反应蛋白(CRP)浓度。记录T_1、T_2和术后24h(T_3)时的VAS疼痛评分、BCS舒适度评级、Ramsay镇静评分。记录术后恶心、呕吐、低血压与皮肤瘙痒等不良反应情况。结果与T_0时比较,T_1、T_2时两组血浆Cor、ACT_H浓度及血清CRP浓度明显升高(P0.05)。T_1、T_2时D组血浆Cor、ACTH浓度及血清CRP浓度明显低于C组(P0.05)。T_1~T_3时D组VAS评分明显低于,Ramsay镇静评分明显高于C组,T_1、T_2时BCS舒适度评级明显高于C组(P0.05)。两组术后恶心、呕吐、低血压与皮肤瘙痒等不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义。结论诱导前给予地佐辛能有效减轻口腔癌根治术患者术后的应激反应,提高患者的舒适度,增强舒芬太尼术后镇痛的效果。     

帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对全子宫切除术病人凝血功能的影响:随机、双盲、对照研究

目的 探讨帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对全子宫切除术病人凝血功能的影响.方法 本研究为随机、双盲、对照研究.选择拟行全子宫切除术病人70例,年龄38～56岁,体重50～75 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,均行脊椎-硬膜外联合阻滞,随机分为2组(n=35):生理盐水对照组(C组)和帕瑞昔布钠组(P组),分别于麻醉前20 min静脉注射生理盐水2ml或帕瑞昔布钠40 mg/2 ml,术毕行病人自控静脉镇痛,镇痛药物为布托啡诺.于帕瑞昔布钠或生理盐水用药前、用药后30 min及2 h时采集静脉血样检测凝血功能,并行血小板计数,记录术后镇痛期间布托啡诺单位时间用量、术后24 h内布托啡诺的总用量、术后首次下床活动时间及不良反应发生情况.结果 与用药前比较,用药后30 min时C组凝血酶原时间和凝血酶时间延长,纤维蛋白原浓度降低,P组凝血酶时间延长(P＜0.05),其余凝血功能指标和血小板计数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与C组比较,P组纤维蛋白原浓度升高,恶心、呕吐的发生率降低,首次下床活动时间缩短,布托啡诺单位时间用量及术后24 h内布托啡诺总用量减少(P＜0.05),其余凝血功能指标及血小板计数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 帕瑞昔布钠40 mg超前镇痛可增强全子宫切除术病人的凝血功能.     

氢吗啡酮超前镇痛在老年肩关节镜手术患者中的应用

目的 探讨氢吗啡酮超前镇痛对老年肩关节镜手术患者围术期疼痛程度、血流动力学及应激反 应的影响。方法 选取2022年1月-12月于泰州市人民医院择期行全麻下单侧肩关节镜手术患者90例作为研 究对象。根据随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组45例。观察组麻醉诱导前10 min静脉注射氢吗啡 酮,对照组静脉注射等体积的生理盐水,之后均行常规气管插管全麻,手术结束后送入PACU复苏,统 一术后镇痛方案,比较两组不同时间点[麻醉诱导前（T0）、插管即刻（T1）、手术切皮时（T2）、手 术结束时（T3）、气管拔管时（T4）、出麻醉复苏室时（T5）、术后4h（T6）、术后8h（T7）、术后 24h（T8）]围术期血流动力学[平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）]、VAS评分、应激指标[去甲肾上腺素 （NE）、肾上腺素（E）、皮质醇（Cor）、血糖（Glu）水平]。结果 观察组T1~T5时间点MAP及HR 低于对照组,T5~T8时间点VAS评分低于对照组,T2及T3时间点Glu和血清NE、E及Cor含量低于对照 组（P＜0.05）。结论 氢吗啡酮超前镇痛可有效减轻老年肩关节镜手术患者围术期疼痛程度、降低围术期 应激反应及血流动力学波动,值得临床应用。     

比较布托啡诺、芬太尼及芬太尼联合曲马多用于老年患者术后镇痛的临床效果

目的研究布托啡诺用于老年患者术后静脉镇痛的疗效及不良反应。方法60例择期行上腹部手术的老年患者,随机均分为布托啡诺组(B组)、芬太尼组(F组)及芬太尼联合曲马多组(FT组),分别接受持续静脉镇痛。记录并比较术后48h内疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Ramsay镇静评分及不良反应。结果三组术后镇痛效果VAS组内比较差异无统计学意义。但术后6hF组和B组的VAS明显低于FT组(P<0.05);术后12h,B组的VAS仍低于FT组(P<0.05)。B组术后0.5、6、12h Ramsay镇静评分明显高于F组(P<0.05)。B组恶心呕吐发生率明显低于FT组(P<0.05)。结论布托啡诺可用于老年患者术后静脉镇痛。