上好综合实践活动课的点滴体会

综合实践活动课近年来在国家颁布《基础教育改革纲要》中明确规定为小学到高中的必修课程，是我国新一轮课程改革的一项重要举措，因为综合实践活动课是一门基于学生直接经验，密切联系学生自身生活和社会生活，体现对知识综合运用，强调学生通过实践增强探究和创新意识的能力和方法为宗旨所在的课程，而我有幸成为了这一学科的专职教师，同时也为我的教学生涯提出了新挑战。起初在教学中，很多学生认为综合实践活动课没有直接的学习成果，因此开展起来很困难。那么，如何焕发小学综合实践活动课的生机呢？我在几年的教学实践中有以下几点体会。     

病毒性肝炎糖代谢、C肽及生长抑素变化的临床意义

[目的]阐明病毒性肝炎及肝硬化患者胰岛β细胞功能及糖代谢状况.[方法]在基础状态下同时测定了血糖(GS)、胰岛素(INS)、C肽(CP)、皮质醇(F)、生长激素(GH)、生长抑素(SS)和胰岛素血糖素(GN),并分别作了静脉法糖耐量试验(ivGTT)和胰岛素、C肽释放试验(IRT、CPRT).血糖用葡萄糖氧化酶法检测,其他内分泌激素皆用放免法检测.[结果]75例中17例糖耐量减退,其中慢性肝炎(CH)组2例,代偿性肝炎肝硬变(HLC-I)组5例,失代偿性肝炎肝硬变(HLI-H)组10例,急性肝炎(AH)组无.凡糖耐量正常(NGT)者基础血糖、胰岛素、C肽均在正常范围,但其中大多数度患者胰岛素、C肽释放曲线低平,峰值低于对照组;糖耐量减退(IGT)者空腹血糖、胰岛素大多升高,C肽大多正常,但胰岛素、C肽释放曲线以及胰岛素释放指数比NGT组还要低.各族血浆皮质醇基本正常,仅少数病情较重的CH和失代偿性HLC患者稍高于正常水平.约1/4的患者血浆生长激素(GH)升高,3/4的患者血浆胰岛素(GN)升高.5例肝硬变患者服心得安以后血栓/胰岛素比值显著下降.[结论]糖耐量减退在慢性肝炎特别是肝硬变患者中相当常见.其发病机制与肝功能减退、胰岛β细胞受损、胰高血糖等生糖激素增加、周胰岛素抵抗等因素有关.心得安治疗可提高胰岛素的敏感性.     

台湾发现首例屈公热境外移入病例

2006年11月23日,疾病管制局证实首例屈公热境外移入病例。该个案为13岁学生,2005年起在新加坡求学,2006年11月19日出现发热症状,11月20日在桃园机场入境时,过红外线测体温仪侦测有体温过高现象,经采血检验确定为屈公热。屈公热(chikungunya fever)是感染屈公病毒(chikungunyavi     

浅谈颈椎病患者的体疗保健法

1 颈椎病的致病原因 长时间的伏案工作、操作电脑等,会造成供应脊髓、椎骨和相关肌肉氧气和养料的血管受到压迫,导致头部的血液、组织液代谢受阻,长时间保持紧张状态,也会损伤肌肉、肌腱及腱膜受损.     

食品安全与食品安全恐怖

买肉类怕有"疯牛病"和病死猪,买鸡鸭鱼类怕有"禽流感"和含激素,买果蔬担心"转基因"和农药残留,买米面怕用了抛光矿物油和掺有增白剂……媒体曝光的新闻几乎涉及人们需要吃的各种食物……     

不让O157往事重现

1996年夏秋季节,此起彼伏的食物中毒吓坏了东洋人。在短短两个多月的时间内,就有1万多人中毒,12人死亡。元凶是一种肠道病原菌,全名叫O157:H7肠出血性大肠杆菌,简称“O157”。病菌通过食物和饮水     

应对孕期三大棘手问题

70%以上的准妈妈,孕期会遭遇痔疮的烦恼;几乎是所有的准妈妈在孕期前3个月或轻或重都会产生恶心呕吐的状况,严重的甚至会持续更长时间;一旦怀孕后,准妈妈常常有昏昏欲睡的感觉,很容易疲惫。痔疮、疲劳、孕吐,是准妈妈孕期非常棘手的三大问题,让孕妈妈想说轻松不容易。     

产褥感染

产褥期是产妇体质恢复和新生儿开始独立生活的阶段。产妇分娩时经历了较大的精力和体力消耗,抵抗力有所减弱,加上妊娠期疾病和分娩损伤的影响,体质更差。这期间,产妇不仅要适应全身各系统所发生的明显变化,还要担负起哺育婴儿的重任,若不注意,容易发生产后并发症,影响正常康复,甚至危及生命。有资料显示,孕产妇死亡多数发生于产褥期。很多人重视妊娠期保健,却忽视产褥期保健。其实,虽然分娩已经结束了妊娠期,但是随之而来的产褥期仍是妇女保健的重要一环。本刊特组织产褥期常见问题的专题笔谈,以飨读者。     

夏季清补四宜

宜以清为补:夏季气温高,人体喜凉,应以清补为宜,进食寒凉食物为主,如大麦、小麦、绿豆、百合、黄瓜、菠菜、白菜、豆芽菜、芹菜、水萝卜、竹笋、茄子、荸荠、兔肉、鸭肉、羊肝、牛乳、鸡蛋及新鲜水果;多吃凉拌菜、成鸭蛋、成鸡蛋、松花蛋、豆制品、芝麻酱等.     

Effects of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in diluents on cryopreserved bull epididymal sperm

Objective:To evaluate the supplementation effects of vitamin E,vitamin C,superoxide dismutase(SOD),and catalase to diluents on bull cryopreserved epididymal sperm.Methods:Sperm were retrieved from 20 bull testes and were then supplemented with 0.1 mM vitamin E,5.0 mM vitamin C,100.0 IU/mL SOD,and 100.0μg/mL catalase alone,or in a combination.The control treatment contained no addition.After supplementation,samples were frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen.The sperm parameters including motility,progressive motility,viability,acrosome integrity,plasma membrane integrity,kinematics and DNA damage were evaluated following the thawing process.Results:Vitamin E alone significantly increased the parameters of acrosome and membrane integrity compared to the control treatment(P<0.05).While compared to the control treatment,vitamin C had no improvement effect on sperm characteristics except for membrane integrity.Treatment of vitamin E+vitamin C had a significant improvement in total motility,progressive motility,viability,membrane and acrosome integrity compared to the control and other treatments(P<0.05).Compared to the control treatment,addition of SOD or catalase alone significantly improved the percentages of total motility,progressive motility,viability,membrane and acrosome integrity(P<0.05).Furthermore,SOD+catalase significantly increased total motility,progressive motility,viability,acrosome and membrane integrity characteristics compared to the catalase treatment(P<0.05).Vitamin E alone,vitamin E+vitamin C,and SOD in diluents decreased DNA damages and thereby improved the rate of intact sperm heads.Conclusions:Addition of 100.0 IU/mL SOD alone and 0.1 mM vitamin E+5.0 mM vitamin C,and also 5.0 mM vitamin C+100μg/mL catalase in a combination improves the quality of cryopreserved bull epididymal sperm and could be used for cryopreservation.     

晚期浸润性乳腺癌治疗策略

文章对晚期浸润性乳腺癌的诊疗策略及预后等进行介绍.     

早期浸润性乳腺癌的治疗策略

文章对早期浸润性乳腺癌的诊疗策略及预后等进行介绍.     

隐性乳腺癌的诊治分析

目的探讨隐性乳腺癌的诊断和治疗方法.方法对30例隐性乳腺癌的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 22例X线钼靶摄片检查,异常者14例,12例经免疫组化检查,确诊11例.全部病例行乳腺癌根治术或改良根治术加放化疗及内分泌治疗.术后回访22例,复发死亡6例,15例术后无瘤生存＞5 a.结论 X线钼靶摄片、活检和免疫组化检查对隐性乳腺癌检出率高,治疗以乳腺癌根治术或改良根治术为主,辅以放疗、化疗、内分泌、基因治疗的全身综合性治疗.     

Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Factors Influencing Treatment Decisions in Ghana

Researchers in this study explored the reactions of women with breast cancer and identified factors influencing treatment decisions. A qualitative exploratory approach was employed. Participants were recruited from a tertiary hospital and a breast cancer support group. Purposive sampling recruited 12 women. It was found that women identified breast lesions accidentally or intentionally and that diagnosis was delayed. Emotional reactions to diagnosis included shock and sadness. Factors that influenced treatment were the influence of other people, alternative sources of treatment, faith and support, knowledge, “tuning the mind,” and effects on intimacy. Health professionals should develop effective communication and counseling skills for clients.     

乳腺癌诊断移动应用：数字乳腺X射线成像获准支持移动乳腺癌筛选

西门子医疗系统集团的全数字乳腺X射线成像系统Mammomat Novation被批准用于移动筛查。自此，乳腺癌筛查第一次在拖挂式卡车的内置数字系统上进行。拖车与进行最终诊断的固定筛查中心连网。这种移动数字乳腺癌筛查特别适合于居住在农村地区或经常闲居在家的妇女。在德国，50到69岁的妇女有权享受每两年一次的免费乳腺X射线成像检查。     

澳大利亚乳腺癌早诊早治项目管理

从癌症预防、治疗和质量管理等多个角度对澳大利亚早期乳腺癌肿瘤预防与控制概况予以描述,分析乳腺癌早诊早治的项目管理的成功经验,包括建立质量管理体系,实施多学科诊疗服务模式及质控标准,努力改善医疗工作绩效,为我国早期乳腺癌的防控工作提供借鉴,提高乳腺癌的诊疗服务水平。     

A Comparison of Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Between Lesbian and Heterosexual Women

Purpose/objectives: The purpose of this observational study was to explore differences and similarities in the diagnosis and treatment of lesbians and heterosexual women with breast cancer. Design: Nested survey. Sample and setting: The eligibility criteria for this study were: participation in a survey about the risks for developing breast cancer, diagnosed with breast cancer, returned a prepaid postcard with their name and address, and returned a completed survey about their breast cancer experiences. The typical participant (n = 80) was 55.4 years old (SD ± 9.1, range 41–78), educated with 17.3 years of schooling (SD ± 3.1, range 12–23+), White (91%), urban (44%), and employed (72.5%). Most had health insurance (95%), and currently 15% were on disability or taking sick leave from their jobs. Measurements: The 58-item survey was created, pilot-tested, and revised prior to being utilized in this study. Content validity was established by a multidisciplinary panel of experts. Many of the items had been successfully used in the principal investigator's previous studies. Results: There were no significant differences in demographics, diagnostic procedures, surgical procedures, chemotherapy regimens, or radiation therapy between the lesbians and the heterosexual women in this study. There were, however, significant differences in chemotherapy-induced side effects between the two groups. The lesbians reported significantly more problems than did the heterosexual women. Conclusions: Our study suggests that there are few differences in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer between lesbians and heterosexual women except in chemotherapy-induced side effects. However, this study will need to be replicated with a much larger sample size before any conclusions can be drawn about the diagnosis and treatment of lesbians diagnosed with breast cancer.     

乳腺癌单病种协作诊治模式的探索

肿瘤的单病种多学科综合治疗模式(MDT)在国外已经有很多年的历史,并且日趋完善,但是我国尚处于摸索阶段,本文就乳腺癌的单病种协作诊治模式的探索进行经验总结,为创新乳腺癌综合诊治模式提供实践和理论依据