动脉内溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的临床分析

目的:探讨使用动脉内溶栓方法治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的效果。方法:回顾138例急性缺血性脑卒中患者,发病距接受治疗的时间为3～24h,采取超选择性动脉溶栓。结果:颈内动脉闭塞22例,大脑中动脉主干闭塞38例,大脑中动脉分支闭塞33例,大脑前动脉闭塞1例,椎基底动脉系统血管闭塞12支。脑血管造影未见异常32例。闭塞血管再通者,颈内动脉12例;大脑中动脉24例;大脑中动脉分支21例;椎基底动脉8例。8例患者因明显血管狭窄,治疗后予以球囊扩张,支架植入术。临床症状完全恢复或明显好转83例,溶栓后脑出血患者5例。结论:超选择动脉内溶栓是治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的有效方法。     

缺血性脑卒中超早期选择性动脉溶栓治疗

目的评价超早期选择性脑动脉溶栓疗法(SIT)对急性缺血性脑卒中的疗效及安全性.方法32例急性缺血性脑卒中患者起病至溶栓时间介于1～6小时.尿激酶用量87.66±17.63万单位.溶栓前先用微导丝通过血栓到达血栓远端,导丝撤出后,将导管置于靶血管闭塞点或患侧颈内动脉进行溶栓治疗.结果颈内动脉闭塞12例,3例完全再通,2例部分再通.大脑中动脉闭塞20例,19例完全再通.治疗后3个月神经功能恢复率为81%(26/32).4例合并无症状性脑出血均痊愈.血管再闭塞1例(经重复造影证实).结论超早期SIT治疗可使闭塞血管再通.溶栓后并发无症状性脑出血患者临床可恢复正常.SIT是目前治疗急性缺血性脑卒中有效的治疗手段.     

动静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死对比研究

目的比较选择性动脉溶栓与静脉溶栓的临床效果。方法将发病4.5h以内的急性脑梗死患者随机分为选择性动脉溶栓组和静脉溶栓组,分别在靶动脉血管闭塞点注药(阿替普酶20~30mg)或外周静脉给药(阿替普酶9mg/kg),并用DSA或CTA判断血管再通率及记录欧洲卒中量表评分(ESS)。结果动脉溶栓组溶栓后2h、24h、3dESS评分均明显高于静脉溶栓组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);溶栓后7d、14d、1个月时ESS评分2组比较差异无统计学意义。但静脉溶栓组致残率为8%,动脉溶栓组为4.76%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于急性脑梗死,动脉溶栓的血管再通率虽高但远期疗效并不优于静脉溶栓,动静脉联合溶栓是急性脑梗死的治疗方向。     

急性后循环脑梗死动脉溶栓及动静脉联合溶栓的对比分析

目的比较急性后循环脑梗死动脉溶栓及动静脉联合溶栓的有效性和安全性。方法回顾急性后循环缺血性卒中患者79例,其中动脉溶栓42例,动静脉联合溶栓37例;比较两组血管的再通率以及患者治疗前及治疗后1 h、24 h美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分。结果单纯动脉溶栓组再通率59.5%,动静脉联合溶栓组血管再通率75.7%;两组患者治疗后1 h、24 h的NIHSS评分和治疗前相比有明显差异(P<0.05),两组之间评分有明显差异(P<0.05)。结论急性后循环脑梗死动静脉联合溶栓可以增加血管的再通率,可以明显改善患者的预后。     

时间窗超过3h急性缺血性卒中患者动脉溶栓治疗观察

目的 评价时间窗超过3 h的急性缺血性卒中患者动脉溶栓治疗的疗效及影响因素.方法 选择法国南锡大学中心医院神经影像科自2008年1月至2009年1月收治的16例急性缺血性卒中患者(时间窗均达到或超过3 h,颈内动脉系统卒中时间窗不超过6 h,椎基底动脉系统卒中时间窗不超过24h.昏迷不超过6 h),行动脉内药物联合机械溶栓治疗,分析不同因素对疗效的影响.结果 7例患者闭塞血管达到完全再通,7例达到部分再通,另有2例闭塞血管未再通,再通率为87.5%.患者动脉溶栓后与溶栓前NIHSS评分比较明显降低.时间窗大于5 h的前循环系统闭塞患者溶栓前后NIHSS评分无改善,与时间窗较短患者相比较,出院时mRS评分明显较高.5例颈内动脉闭塞患者溶栓前后NIHSS评分无改善,与9例大脑中动脉闭塞患者、2例基底动脉闭塞患者相比预后较差.4例患者溶栓后24h出现症状性颅内出血,3例为颈内动脉闭塞,1例死亡.1例溶栓后发生血管再闭,但因侧支循环血流丰富,最终临床预后仍较好.结论 对于时间窗超过3 h大脑中动脉和基底动脉闭塞急性缺血性卒中患者,动脉溶栓可使闭塞血管达到较高的再通率,短期内使临床神经功能恢复,改善临床结局.临床应用动脉溶栓时应注意个体化选择性治疗,评价其疗效需结合时间窗、血管闭塞部位、侧支循环、并发症等因素,避免出血等并发症.     

时间窗超过3h急性缺血性卒中患者动脉溶栓治疗观察

目的 评价时间窗超过3 h的急性缺血性卒中患者动脉溶栓治疗的疗效及影响因素.方法 选择法国南锡大学中心医院神经影像科自2008年1月至2009年1月收治的16例急性缺血性卒中患者(时间窗均达到或超过3 h,颈内动脉系统卒中时间窗不超过6 h,椎基底动脉系统卒中时间窗不超过24h.昏迷不超过6 h),行动脉内药物联合机械溶栓治疗,分析不同因素对疗效的影响.结果 7例患者闭塞血管达到完全再通,7例达到部分再通,另有2例闭塞血管未再通,再通率为87.5%.患者动脉溶栓后与溶栓前NIHSS评分比较明显降低.时间窗大于5 h的前循环系统闭塞患者溶栓前后NIHSS评分无改善,与时间窗较短患者相比较,出院时mRS评分明显较高.5例颈内动脉闭塞患者溶栓前后NIHSS评分无改善,与9例大脑中动脉闭塞患者、2例基底动脉闭塞患者相比预后较差.4例患者溶栓后24h出现症状性颅内出血,3例为颈内动脉闭塞,1例死亡.1例溶栓后发生血管再闭,但因侧支循环血流丰富,最终临床预后仍较好.结论 对于时间窗超过3 h大脑中动脉和基底动脉闭塞急性缺血性卒中患者,动脉溶栓可使闭塞血管达到较高的再通率,短期内使临床神经功能恢复,改善临床结局.临床应用动脉溶栓时应注意个体化选择性治疗,评价其疗效需结合时间窗、血管闭塞部位、侧支循环、并发症等因素,避免出血等并发症.     

动脉溶栓联合机械取栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中

目的 比较动脉溶栓联合机械取栓治疗与静脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2016年2月至2018年2月收治的30例急性缺血性脑卒中的临床资料。15例进行动脉溶栓联合机械取栓治疗（观察组）,15例采用静脉溶栓治疗（对照组）。采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分评估神经功能,采用改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分评估发病90 d预后。结果 治疗前,观察组NIHSS评分[（18.5±4.3）分]与对照组[（18.1±4.7）分]无统计学差异（P>0.05）;治疗24 h,观察组NIHSS评分[（13.8±3.6分）]明显低于对照组[（17.2±3.8）分;P<0.05]。治疗后3 d内,观察组症状性颅内出血发生率（13.3%,2/15）与对照组（20.0%,3/15）差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。发病90 d,观察组预后良好率（66.7%,10/15）明显高于对照组（26.7%,4/15;P<0.05）。结论 与静脉溶栓治疗相比,动脉溶栓联合机械取栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中效果更好。     

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（rt-PA）静脉溶栓治疗 急性脑大动脉闭塞患者的效果

目的 探讨重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（rt-PA）静脉溶栓治疗急性脑大动脉闭塞患者的效 果及潜在的问题。方法 回顾性分析2014 年1 月—2016 年8 月,在北京陆军总医院附属八一脑科医院 接受了rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗并有完整随访资料的165 例患者,记录了MR 血管成像上的闭塞位置、入院和 溶栓后24 h 的美国国立卫生院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分,溶栓后1 个月血管再通情况以及3 个月后的改良 Rankin 评分（mRS）评分,对临床预后及可能影响因素进行比较分析。结果 165 例静脉溶栓患者中, 89 例由大动脉闭塞引起,76 例为非大动脉闭塞;非大动脉闭塞组静脉溶栓后较大动脉闭塞组NIHSS 评 分改善明显,同时3个月mRS评分更好（P均＜0.05）。在89例大动脉闭塞组中,包括颈内动脉闭塞43例, 大脑中动脉闭塞25 例及椎基底动脉闭塞21 例,其中颈内和大脑中动脉闭塞后3 个月预后较椎基底动脉 好（P 均＜ 0.05）;考虑血栓形成导致的有69 例,栓子脱落导致的有20 例;栓子栓塞组3 个月预后更 好（P＜ 0.05）。其中70 例接受了血管复查,总体血管再通率为21.4%;再通成功与否与闭塞部位或闭塞 原因之间未发现明显差别（P=0.133、0.779）。结论 rt-PA 静脉溶栓治疗脑大动脉闭塞造成的急性卒中 再通率和3 个月预后的改善并不明显。     

动脉内接触性溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中

目的探讨急性缺血性脑卒中动脉内接触性溶栓治疗的安全性和有效性。方法对178例急性缺血性脑卒中病人在起病后2～24h进行尿激酶超选择性动脉内接触性溶栓,尿激酶用量50～130万U(平均85万U)。结果颈内动脉系统血管闭塞117例,椎-基底动脉系统闭塞30例,脑血管造影未见明显异常31例。闭塞的颈内动脉再通14例,大脑中动脉再通29例,大脑中动脉分支再通30例,椎-基底动脉系统再通20例。11例因血管狭窄明显,溶栓后给予球囊扩张、支架置入术。临床症状完全恢复正常或明显好转108例,并发脑出血6例,消化道出血15例。结论超选动脉内接触性溶栓可使血栓局部迅速达到较高的血药浓度,疗效好,见效快,用药总量小,并发症少。     

经颅多普勒超声脑缺血溶栓分级与阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性前循环不同大动脉闭塞性脑梗死预后相关性研究

目的探讨分析经颅多普勒超声脑缺血溶栓分级与静脉溶栓治疗急性前循环不同大动脉闭塞性脑梗死患者血管再通评价与预后的相关性研究。方法选择急性前循环大动脉闭塞性脑梗死患者,对符合静脉溶栓者给予阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗,分别于溶栓前及溶栓后24 h行床旁经颅多普勒超声(transcranial Doppler,TCD)检查并记录脑缺血溶栓分级(thrombolysis in brain ischemia,TIBI)。采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分记录患者临床神经功能缺损,3个月随访时采用改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,m RS)评分评估患者预后,分析前循环不同大血管闭塞性脑梗死患者静脉溶栓前后血管再通情况及患者3个月预后。结果共入选46例患者,其中颈内动脉(internal carotid artery,ICA)闭塞患者19例,大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery,MCA)闭塞患者27例。溶栓前与溶栓后24 h TCD监测TIBI分级提示血管再通者,ICA闭塞组5.26%,MCA闭塞组55.56%。ICA闭塞组与MCA闭塞组比较,MCA闭塞组90 d随访生活自理及良好预后的比例均高于ICA闭塞组,死亡率低于ICA闭塞组,而两组间溶栓后的症状性颅内出血发生率差异无显著性。结论急性前循环大动脉闭塞性脑梗死经静脉溶栓治疗后可获得血管再通,尤其是MCA闭塞患者;溶栓前后TIBI血流分级变化可反映大动脉血管再通情况,且有助于判断患者临床预后。     

后循环急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗与静脉溶栓的对照研究

目的 比较后循环大血管闭塞致急性缺血性卒中患者接受血管内治疗（endovascular treatment，EVT） 与单纯静脉溶栓（intravenous thrombolysis，IVT）治疗后的临床结局。 方法 纳入2012年3月-2016年11月期间在北京天坛医院行EVT与IVT治疗的后循环大血管闭塞所致 急性缺血性卒中患者，以1∶1比例匹配两组的年龄、性别、基线NIHSS评分、发病至治疗时间及卒中亚型 （TOAST分型），匹配患者的NIHSS评分≥10分。主要疗效结局为治疗后90 d的mRS评分，安全性结局为 24 h ICH及90 d全因死亡率。 结果 共纳入328例后循环急性缺血性卒中患者，其中EVT组69例，IVT组259例，匹配后两组基线数 据相似，每组各55例。各卒中亚型比例在两组均有显著性差异（所有P <0.001），两组均以大动脉粥 样硬化型为主，其中EVT组63例（91.3%），IVT组164例（63.3%）。临床疗效结局显示匹配后EVT组90 d mRS评分≤1分比例（30.9% vs 38.2%，校正OR 0.724，95%CI 0.329～1.595，P =0.423）及mRS评分≤2 分比例（38.2% vs 50.9%，校正OR 0.596，95%CI 0.279～1.272，P =0.181）均低于IVT组，但差异均无统 计学意义。安全性结局方面，24 h症状性脑出血及治疗后90 d全因死亡率，两组比较差异也无统计学 意义。 结论 对于后循环大血管闭塞所致急性缺血性卒中患者行EVT治疗和单纯IVT治疗，在疗效及安全 性结局方面均无显著性差异。     

Diabetes and previous stroke: hazards for intravenous thrombolysis?

Background and purpose: Alteplase licensing approval in Europe does not advocate intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) for diabetic ischaemic stroke (IS) patients with previous cerebral infarction (PCI). Our aim was to assess whether concomitant diabetes mellitus (DM) and PCI are associated with symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage (SICH) and poor outcome after IVT. Methods: Multicentre prospective registry, which included consecutive IVT‐treated, acute IS patients from January 2003 to December 2010. The frequency of SICH (SITS‐MOST criteria) and 3‐month outcomes (mRS) were compared between the following groups: (i) diabetic patients with PCI (DM+/PCI+); (ii) diabetic patients without PCI (DM+/PCI?); (iii) non‐diabetic patients with PCI (DM?/PCI+); and (iv) patients without diabetes or PCI (DM?/PCI?). Results: A total of 1475 patients were included. Thirty‐four patients (2.3%) had known DM and PCI, 258 (17.5%) were diabetics without PCI, and 119 (8.1%) had a PCI and no DM. Thirty‐six patients (2.6%) developed SICH, with no differences between groups (P = 985). Fifteen (40.9%) DM+/PCI+ patients, 113 (46.5%) DM+/PCI? patients, 47 (42%) DM?/PCI+ patients and 414 (40.9%) DM?/PCI? patients had mRS ≥ 3 at 3 months (P = 427). The presence neither of DM nor of PCI, nor their combination, had any impact on the risk of SICH or on outcome at 3 months after adjusting for age, stroke severity and glucose levels on admission. Conclusions: Acute IS diabetic patients with PCI who were treated with IVT had similar outcomes to patients without such history, with no increase in the rates of SICH. Thus, they should not be excluded from IVT only on the basis of DM and PCI.     

Is atrial fibrillation associated with poor outcome after thrombolysis?

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is considered a predictor for severe stroke and poor outcome. The aim was to evaluate whether AF is associated with poor outcome in acute ischemic stroke (IS) patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). In a retrospective study, 157 consecutive IS patients (98 males, mean age 67.3 ± 10.2 years), treated with IVT within 3 hours from stroke onset, were divided into two groups according to presence/absence of AF. Neurological deficit was evaluated using the NIHSS on admission, 24 hours, and 7 days later, while the 90-day clinical outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). A total of 66 patients (38 males) presented with AF. The baseline NIHSS was 13.3 ± 5.4 in AF and 11.0 ± 5.1 points in non-AF patients (P = 0.006). AF patients had arterial occlusions more frequently in the baseline MRA (54.5% in AF versus 25.3% in non-AF, P = 0.0002). No differences were found between groups in clinical improvement after 24 hours and 7 days or in rate of achieved recanalizations. AF patients had significantly poorer 90-day clinical outcome than non-AF patients (median mRS 2.5 vs. 1.0). Patients with AF had significantly worse 90-day clinical outcome after IVT compared to those without AF, probably due to more severe baseline neurological deficits and the greater number of arterial occlusions in the MRA before IVT.     

Thrombectomy or intravenous thrombolysis in patients with NIHSS of 5 or less?

Background and purposeTo compare outcomes of minor stroke patients with intracranial vessel occlusions (IVO) underwent mechanical thrombectomy (MT) versus those treated with intravenous thrombolysis alone (IVT).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed two large prospective stroke databases from two European centers searching for patients admitted with minor stroke (i.e. NIHSS Score░≤░5), baseline mRS░=░0 and occlusion of the M1–M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Groups receiving (A) IVT alone and (B) MT+/-IVT were compared. Primary outcome measures were MT safety, successful recanalization rate (mTICI 2b-3) and NIHSS shift (discharge NIHSS minus admission NIHSS); secondary outcomes included discharge rates and excellent outcome (mRS 0-1) at 3 months. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsThirty-two patients were enrolled in Group B (19░MT alone; 13 MT░+░IVT) and 24 in Group A. Successful recanalization (mTICI 2b-3) was obtained in 100% of cases in Group B vs 38% in Group A. Symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation rate did not differ between the two groups. Multivariate analysis reported MT as the only predictor of early (<░12░h) favorable NIHSS shift and lower NIHSS at discharge. Moreover, discharge at home and excellent outcome at 3-month follow-up were statistically associated with MT.ConclusionsMT in patients with minor strokes and intracranial vessel occlusion (IVO) is safe and can determine a rapid improvement of NIHSS Score. MT seems also associated with a higher rate of patients discharged at home after hospitalization and better clinical outcome at 3-month follow-up. Larger randomized trials are warranted to confirm these results.     

Acute Treatment of Isolated Posterior Cerebral Artery Occlusion: Single Center Experience

Background and objectivesRandomized trials for mechanical thrombectomy (MT) excluded patients with ischemic strokes due to isolated posterior cerebral artery occlusion (IPCAO), and there is no evidence for best acute treatment strategy in these patients. We aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of MT in acute IPCAO.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients with acute stroke due to IPCAO submitted to MT and/or intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), between 2015-2019. Effectiveness outcomes (recanalization rate, first-pass effect, NIHSS 24h improvement and 3-month Modified Ranking Scale - mRS) and safety outcomes (complications, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH) and 3-month mortality) were described and compared between groups.ResultsA total of 38 patients were included, 25 underwent MT and 13 had IVT alone. Successful and complete recanalization were achieved in 68% and 52% of MT patients, respectively. NIHSS improvement at 24h was found in 56% of MT patients versus 30.8% of patients submitted to IVT alone (OR [95% CI]=2.86 [0.69-11.82]) and excellent functional outcome at 3 months (mRS≤1) was achieved in 54.2% of MT patients versus 38.5% in the IVT group (OR [95% CI]=1.60 [0.41-6.32]). Complications occurred in 3 (12%) procedures and there were no SICH. Mortality at 3 months was 20% in the MT group and 15.4% in patients submitted to IVT alone.ConclusionsOur results reflect a real-world scenario in a single center and seem to support the recently growing literature showing that MT is a feasible and safe treatment in IPCAO, with favorable effectiveness.     

时间窗超过3h急性缺血性卒中患者动脉溶栓治疗观察

目的 评价时间窗超过3 h的急性缺血性卒中患者动脉溶栓治疗的疗效及影响因素.方法 选择法国南锡大学中心医院神经影像科自2008年1月至2009年1月收治的16例急性缺血性卒中患者(时间窗均达到或超过3 h,颈内动脉系统卒中时间窗不超过6 h,椎基底动脉系统卒中时间窗不超过24h.昏迷不超过6 h),行动脉内药物联合机械溶栓治疗,分析不同因素对疗效的影响.结果 7例患者闭塞血管达到完全再通,7例达到部分再通,另有2例闭塞血管未再通,再通率为87.5%.患者动脉溶栓后与溶栓前NIHSS评分比较明显降低.时间窗大于5 h的前循环系统闭塞患者溶栓前后NIHSS评分无改善,与时间窗较短患者相比较,出院时mRS评分明显较高.5例颈内动脉闭塞患者溶栓前后NIHSS评分无改善,与9例大脑中动脉闭塞患者、2例基底动脉闭塞患者相比预后较差.4例患者溶栓后24h出现症状性颅内出血,3例为颈内动脉闭塞,1例死亡.1例溶栓后发生血管再闭,但因侧支循环血流丰富,最终临床预后仍较好.结论 对于时间窗超过3 h大脑中动脉和基底动脉闭塞急性缺血性卒中患者,动脉溶栓可使闭塞血管达到较高的再通率,短期内使临床神经功能恢复,改善临床结局.临床应用动脉溶栓时应注意个体化选择性治疗,评价其疗效需结合时间窗、血管闭塞部位、侧支循环、并发症等因素,避免出血等并发症.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of intra-arterial hrombolytic therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke having their time window over 3 h and analyze its influencing factors.Methods Sixteen patients with acute ischemic stroke having their time window over 3 h, admitted to Department of Neuroradiology of Central Hospital of Nancy University from January 2008 to January 2009, were treated by intra-arterial thrombolysis using chemical (rt-PA) and mechanical technique. These patients had carotid stroke for less than 3 h, vertebrobasilar stroke for less than 24 h or coma for less than 6 h. According to the images of DSA, the recanalization after thrombolysis was evaluated by thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) grades. CT scans 24 h after thrombolysis were operated to detect the hemorrhage complications. NIHSS at baseline and 24 h after thrombolysis and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) were recorded to evaluate the clinical efficacy. Results After intra-arterial thrombolysis, 7 (43.75%) in 16 patients got totally recanalization (TICI grade 3), another 7 partial recanalization (TICI grade 2), and the left 2 patients failed in recanalization (TICI grade 1); the total recanalization rate was 87.5%. A significant reduction of NIHSS scores after the thrombolysis was noted as compared with that before the thrombolysis. The atients with occlusion of anterior ciculation having time window over 5 h enjoyed no reduction of NIHSS scores after thrombolysis; mRS scores in patients having time window over 5 h were ignificantly higher as compared with those in patients having time window less than 5 h.The patients having ICA occlusion (n=5) had no reduction of NIHSS scores after thrombolysis, and enjoyed poorer prognosis as compared with whose occlusion lay in the middle cerebral artery (MCA,n=9) and basilar artery (BA, n=2). By CT scan 24 h after thrombolysis, 4 patients were detected with symptomatic intra cerebral hemorrhage (ICH, 25%) and all of them with occlusion in the internal carotid artery system: 1 patient with occlusion in MCA died of cerebral hernia causing by the large hematoma;the other 3 were all occlusion in ICA. Although reocclusion after thrombolysis occurred, 1 patient was benefitted from the affluent collateral perfusion and got a good prognosis. Conclusion For patientswith BA and MCA occlusion having time window over 3 h, intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy is effective and selective resulting from their high recanalization rate, improvement of neurological function and clinical end. The therapy should be individually chosen; mutiple factors as time window of stroke,location of stroke, ompensatory circulation and complications should be considered in evaluating the efficacy; and the hemorrhage complications should be avoided.     

Predictors of good clinical outcome in acute stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis

Šaňák D, Herzig R, Zapletalová J, Horák D, Král M, Školoudík D, Bártková A, Veverka T, Heřman M, Kaňovský P. Predictors of good clinical outcome in acute stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis.
Acta Neurol Scand: 2011: 123: 339–344.
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Objectives – Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is considered an effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke (IS). However, not all treated patients may achieve good outcome. The aim was to evaluate whether the initial NIHSS and DWI infarct volume could be the predictors for good outcome after IVT. Patients and Methods – The set of 125 patients with consecutive hemispheric IS (78 men; mean age 66.0 ± 12.1 years) treated with IVT within 3 h was analyzed. DWI volume was measured on admission. Good outcome was defined as a score 0‐2 in modified Rankin Scale. Results – Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed initial NIHSS as an independent predictor of good outcome (P = 0.001). ROC curves showed baseline NIHSS ≤13.5 points and DWI volume ≤13.7 ml as cut‐offs related to good outcome. Conclusions – The initial NIHSS and DWI volume might be the predictors for good clinical outcome in acute stroke patients treated with IVT. The initial NIHSS score seems to be more accurate.     

静脉和动脉联合溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中

目的 评估静脉和动脉联合溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中的有效性和安全性.方法 采用前瞻性、开放性临床病例研究,对北京世纪坛医院神经内科自2005年5月至2009年2月收治的发病3h内的40例颈内动脉系统急性缺血性卒中患者使用重组人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)行静脉和动脉联合溶栓治疗,并就患者预后良好比例、症状性颅内出血发生率、病死率等与国外多个大样本试验研究结果进行比较.结果 静脉溶栓治疗后行DSA显示25％(10/40)未见血管闭塞,7.5％(3/40)有严重血管狭窄(颈内动脉2例,大脑中动脉1例),67.5％(27/40)发现血管闭塞(颈内动脉9例,大脑中动脉18例).其中24例于发病后180～390 min[平均(304±61)min]开始联合动脉溶栓治疗,血管再通率(TICI分级2或3级)为79.2％(19/24).再梗死发生率为7.5％(3/40).3个月时预后良好(mRS评分0～2分)比例为60％(24/40),与NINDS试验安慰剂组[27.2％(85/312)]比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);预后良好(NIHSS评分≤1)比例为52.5％(21/40),与NINDS试验rt-PA组[31％(97/312)]、安慰剂组[20％(62/312)]和IMS[27.5％(22/80)]比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);症状性颅内出血发生率为2.5％(1/40),病死率为10％(4/40),与NINDS试验rt-PA组、安慰剂组、EMS和IMS比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 静脉和动脉联合溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中,可提供更高的血管再通率,可明显改善患者的预后,是一种安全、有效的新方法.     

Intravenous thrombolysis in stroke patients with hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign

Background and purpose:  We assessed the safety and efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in acute stroke patients with hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign (HMCAS).
Patients and methods:  Data from consecutive patients with acute (within 6 h of symptom onset) ischaemic stroke admitted between January 1999 and November 2007, in whom HMCAS was diagnosed on admission CT scan was retrospectively analysed. Seventy-one patients, admitted within the 3-h window, were treated with IVT, whilst further 42, admitted 3–6 h after symptom onset, were not. At 3-month clinical follow-up, outcome, mortality at 3 months and incidence of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage were evaluated.
Results:  The two groups were comparable concerning age, stroke risk factors, prior antithrombotic treatment and NIHSS scores on admission. Good outcome (mRS score ≤ 1) was observed in 12/71 (17%) patients who were treated with IVT and in 1/42 (2%) patients who were not ( P  = 0.02). IVT treatment was identified as independent predictor of good outcome ( P  = 0.05). Mortality was 20% in patients treated with IVT and 12% in remaining patients ( P  = 0.3). Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage occurred in 1 patient of each group (2%).
Conclusions:  These findings suggest that IVT in patients with HMCAS results in significantly better outcome, without significantly influencing mortality.