妊娠高血压综合征视觉电生理改变观察

目的 探讨妊娠高血压综合征的视觉电生理改变。方法 对２８例妊娠高血压综合征患者５６只眼ＶＥＰ、ＥＲＧ的改变进行观察。结果 妊娠高血压综合征患者视觉电生理有异常改变，在妊娠高血压综合征无眼底改变患者，已出现ＶＥＰ Ｎ７５波替伏期显著改变（Ｐ〈０．０５），ＥＲＧｂ波替伏期亦有显著改变（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论 提示视觉电生理检查作为客观的视觉功能检查法，对妊娠高血压综合征视网膜病变具有早期诊断的价值。     

角膜针刺伤外伤性白内障的视觉电生理改变

评价因注射针头等针刺所造成的角膜穿孔伤及外伤性白内障的视觉电生理检查结果。方法对１５例视觉电生理检查结果进行分析。包括受伤眼与对侧眼的ＥＲＧ，Ｆ－ＶＥＰ及ＯＰｓ波。结论眼前段的针刺伤可引起视觉电生理检查结果的明显异常，故应考虑其累及眼后段的问题。     

视网膜色素变性患者视觉电生理观察

目的 探讨视网膜色素变性（ＲＰ）患者的视觉电生理改变。方法 对１１０例２２０只眼视网膜色素变性患者进行Ｐ－ＶＥＰ、Ｆ－ＥＲＧ检查。结果 ＲＰ患者Ｐ１００波潜时与对照组相比明显延长，振幅则明显降低。ｂ波的振幅与病程长短、视力的降低程度、年龄大小有关，统计学处理有非常显著性差异。结论 随着病程延长、年龄的增加、视力的降低，ｂ波呈熄灭型的患者增加，表现视网膜损害程度加重。     

定量测量视网膜神经纤维层厚度联合视觉电生理检查开角型青光眼

目的 比较光学相干断层成像术（ＯＣＴ）测量视网膜神经纤维层（ＲＮＦＬ）厚度与视觉电生理检查在原发性开角型青光眼（ＰＯＡＧ）早期损害中的敏感性并分析其间相互关系。方法 对早期、进展期或晚期ＰＯＡＧ患者２６例（５０眼）联合进行ＯＣＴ及ＰＥＲＧ、ＰＶＥＰ和ＯＰｓ的检查。结果 ＯＣＴ测量ＲＮＦＬ厚度在ＰＯＡＧ早期中的异常率为４０．９１％,低于ＰＥＲＧ（７８．９５％）和ＰＶＥＰ的异常率（６４．６４％）,高于ＯＰｓ（２８．５７％）。ＲＮＦＬ百度与ＰＶＥＰ和ＰＥＲＧ振幅显著正相关,与ＰＶＥＰ潜伏期负相关,与ＯＰｓ总值不相关。结论 联合ＯＣＴ测量ＲＮＦＬ厚度与视觉电生理检查更有利于青光眼的早期诊断。     

视网膜色素变性的ERGs观察

目的：为研究视网膜色素变性的视网膜电图（ＥＲＧｓ）,测定了７５例１５０眼视网膜色素变性病人的ＥＲＧｓ,分析了其ｂ波振幅情况。方法：用视觉电生理仪测量ＥＲＧｓ的ｂ波振幅。分析从５个月到７０岁的７５例１５０多膜色素变性病人的ＥＲＧｓ的ｂ波振幅情况。结果：（１）ｂ波振重度降低或记录不到波形者１３０眼,占８７％,平均年龄２５岁,其最好视力达１．５,最低右无光感。（２）ｂ波振幅轻度或中度降低者１０例２０眼,     

综合视觉电生理检测对白内障术后视功能恢复的评估

目的 评价术前综合视觉电生理检测在判断白内障手术视功能预后中的作用。方法 白内障患者３１５例（４０８眼）术前常规检测图形翻转视觉诱发电位（ＰＶＥＰ）、红蓝光视网膜电图（ＦＥＲＧ）和视网膜电图的振荡电位（ＯＰｓ）。正常对照组１６２例（２６６眼）。术后检查眼底,术后３ｍｏ查矫正视力。结果 术后矫正视力≥０．５（Ⅰ组）和〈０．５（Ⅱ组）者与对照组相比,术前ＰＶＥＰ的Ｐ１００波振幅均下降、潜伏期均延长,后     

结晶样视网膜变性的视觉电生理改变探讨

目的探讨结晶样视网膜变性的视觉电生理改变。方法采用眼电图（ＥＯＧ）和视网膜电图（ＥＲＧ）检测１４例２８眼结晶样视网膜变性患者（病例组）和１５例３０眼正常人（对照组）、观察指标：（１）ＥＯＧ的基值电位（ＢＶＰ）、暗谷电位（ＤＴＰ）、暗谷时间（ＤＴＴ）、光峰电位（ＬＰＰ）、光峰时间（ＬＰＴ）、ＱＡｒ－ｄｅｎ、ＱＧｌｉｅｍ、（２）暗适应和明视ＥＲＧａ、ｂ波振幅、峰时值。采用ｔ检验对上述各项指标做两组间比较分析。结果病例组ＥＯＧ的ＢＶＰ、ＤＴＰ、ＬＰＰ、ＱＡｒｄｅｎＱＧｌｉｅｍ均较对照组明显降低,峰两组间有极显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）;而ＥＯＧ的ＤＴＴ、ＬＰＴ与对照组比无明显改变,两组间无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。病例组暗适应和明视ＥＲＧａ、ｂ波振幅、峰时值较对照组均有明显改变,两组间有极显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）;但在２例早期患者中,其ＥＲＧａ、ｂ波振幅、峰时值均在正常范围。结论ＥＯＧ、ＥＲＧ作为客观定量的视功能检查方法,可为结晶样视网膜变性的视网膜功能损害程度提供客观指标。对结晶样视网膜变性早期患者ＥＯＧ可能较ＥＲＧ更具诊断价值。     

用同步记录法对斜视性弱视儿童弱视眼P—ERG和P—VEP的研究

目的应用临床电生理手段对斜视性弱视的中枢及外周损害作一些探讨。方法使用丹麦Ｅｖｏｍａｔｉｃ４０００型电生理仪,全视野翻转棋盘格作刺激,选择９０’、４６．６’、２０．７’三种空间频率,Ｐ－ＥＲＧ与Ｐ－ＶＥＰ同步记录的方法,对２３例单眼斜视性弱视儿童进行电生理检测,弱视眼Ｐ—ＥＲＧ记录使用双眼注视、注视标调整寻找ｂ波最大振幅的方法,并与正常对照组儿童进行比较。结果弱视眼Ｐ－ＶＥＰＮ７５潜伏期、Ｐ１００潜伏期较正常儿童组延长,Ｐ１００振幅较正常儿童组降低。弱视眼Ｐ－ＥＲＧ与正常儿童组比较并无明显异常。结论斜视性弱视的损害、神经传导的时间延迟主要发生在视觉通路视网膜以上的部位,视网膜并无明显受损。     

早期原发性开角型青光眼彩色图形视觉电生理改变分析

目的 探讨早期原发性开角型青光眼彩色图形视网膜电图（ＣＰ－ＥＲＧ）,彩色图形视觉诱发电位（ＣＰ－ＶＥＰ）的改变特征。方法 采用电生理方法记录早期原发性开角型青光眼（ＰＯＡＧ）患者在白／黑、红／黑、蓝／黑翻转图形刺激下的ＣＰ－ＥＲＧ、ＣＰ－ＶＥＰ,结果 （１）ＰＯＡＧ组ＣＰ－ＥＲＧ的ｂ波幅值下降,潜伏期延长;ＣＰ－ＶＥＰ的Ｐ１００波幅值下降,潜伏期延长;（２）ＰＯＡＧ组ＣＰ－ＥＲＧ和ＣＰ－ＶＥＰ的异     

儿童及青少年的胰岛素依赖型糖尿病的视觉电生理改变

目的观察早期ＩＤＤＭ病人的视觉电生理改变的特点以及视神经损害的程度、部位。方法对２７名ＩＤＤＭ儿童及青少年进行了图形视觉诱发电位、闪光视网膜电图及眼电图的研究。结果Ｐ－ＶＥＰ的Ｐ１００潜伏期与对照组相比有明显差异，其异常率为６２９％，Ｆ－ＥＲＧ的ｂ波潜伏期及波幅，ＥＯＧ的Ａｒｄｅｎ比与对照组相比无显著差异。结论Ｐ－ＶＥＰ异常与代谢控制相关，与年龄、病程长短无相关性。Ｐ－ＶＥＰ的Ｐ１００潜伏期延长代表ＩＤＤＭ病人在早期出现中枢神经损害，而Ｆ－ＥＲＧ及ＥＯＧ的正常表明视网膜中层及外层无明显损害。     

VEP、F—ERG在眼挫伤中应用研究

目的 视觉诱发电位（VEP）和闪光视网膜电图（F-ERG）联合应用评价钝挫伤眼的视功能。方法 86例（86眼）钝挫伤眼及健康对侧眼为对照组,按照国际标准分别行VEP和F-ERG检查。比较分析两组间VEP P100波潜时值、F-ERG的a、b波幅值的平均值。结果 眼挫伤组VEP P100波潜时明显延迟,波幅值明显降低;F-ERG a、b波幅明显降低,其异常率随视功能损伤程度的加重而增加。结论 VEP和F-ERG联合应用是评价眼挫伤视功能及早期确定诊断的客观检测手段。     

Comparison of visual function in pigmented and albino rats by electroretinography and visual evoked potentials

Purpose  To check differences in visual function between Wistar (albino) and Long-Evans (pigmented) rats. Methods  The animals were born in our facilities and reared under identical light conditions avoiding bright light. Visual electrophysiology was performed at the ages of 1.5, 4, 7 and 10 months (electroretinography, ERG) and at 1.5 and 7 months (visual evoked potentials, VEP). Results  ERG measurements showed that: 1) The amplitudes of both scotopic and photopic b-waves were markedly larger in Long-Evans rats than in Wistar rats, and also the amplitudes of scotopic oscillatory potentials and photopic 30 Hz Flicker amplitudes, 2) scotopic a-wave amplitudes were larger in Wistar rats at low light intensities, whereas they were smaller in bright light, 3) both a-wave and b-wave latencies were shorter in Wistar rats, 4) the maximum response Rm_P3 was larger in Long-Evans rats, 5) the sensitivity parameter S was larger in Wistar rats, and 6) the post-receptoral response of cones was smaller in Wistar rats. In the VEP measurements, amplitudes of both photopic and scotopic visual evoked potentials of Long-Evans rats were only slightly larger than those of Wistar rats. Conclusions  ERG b-wave amplitudes are markedly decreased in Wistar rats, which requires further investigation. As the b/a and OP/a ratios were also decreased in Wistar rats, it can be suggested that post-receptoral processing, in particular, is impaired in albino animals. Presented in part at the 105th congress of the DOG, 20–23 September 2007 in Berlin. The authors have full control of all primary data and agree to allow Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology to review their data upon request.     

视网膜电图对预测白内障术后视力的意义

目的探讨视网膜电图(ERG)对预测白内障术后视力的意义。方法对148例(176眼)白内障术前行ERG检查,以暗适应白光b波振幅和30Hz内烁光振幅为主要观察指标,比较术后不同视力组与对照组之间振幅的差异。根据术后不同视力分A,B,C3组,各组视力依次为0.1~0.2,0.3~0.5和大于0.5。结果C组患者术前ERG-b波及30Hz振幅接近正常对照组,B组和A组的振幅均有不同程度的降低,与正常对照组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论术前暗适应白光ERG-b波振幅和ERG-30Hz的振幅与白内障术后视力密切相关,其中30Hz振幅更有意义。     

Electroretinographic abnormalities in a rat glaucoma model with chronic elevated intraocular pressure

The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of electroretinographic (ERG) measurements to document progression of the retinopathy in a rat glaucoma model. Thirty four rats with a chronic intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation induced in one eye by cautery of three episcleral/extra-orbital veins were studied in four separate groups. ERGs were recorded sequentially in Group A rats (n = 12) at baseline, and after approximately 20, 40 and 60 days of high IOP, and in three additional groups of rats (n = 6 or 10 per group) after approximately 58, 30 and 175 days of high IOP, respectively. Scotopic ERG parameters recorded simultaneously from both eyes in Group A rats were: a- and b-wave amplitudes, implicit times, oscillatory potential amplitudes (OPs) determined at three different light-flash intensities, and the light-adapted (photopic) ERG b-wave amplitude. In the other groups of rats, only scotopic ERG a-wave, b-wave and OP amplitudes were measured.In Group A rats that were followed sequentially, all the ERG parameters recorded with attenuated stimuli showed significant time-dependent changes in glaucomatous eyes relative to their contralateral normal eyes, with OPs showing the earliest significant difference after only 3 weeks of high IOP. When different groups of unilateral glaucomatous rats were compared beyond 8 weeks of elevated IOP only the OPs showed a continued decrease with time and good discrimination between glaucoma and normal eyes. Over a 25 week period of high IOP the scotopic OPs measured with attenuated light stimuli declined at the rate of approximately 1.5% per week and provided the best ERG measure to monitor progression of retinal pathophysiology in the vein-occlusion rat glaucoma model.     

眼挫伤32例42眼眼底荧光血管造影联合视觉电生理分析

目的:观察眼挫伤后进行眼底荧光血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)联合视觉诱发电位(visual evoked potential,VEP)和视网膜电图(electroretinigram,ERG)的特点和临床意义。方法:对32例42眼眼挫伤患者进行FFA,ERG和VEP检查。结果:FFA检查,视网膜震荡伤16眼(38.0%),视网膜挫伤9眼(21.4%),视神经损伤22眼(52.3%)黄斑裂孔2眼(4.7%),脉络膜破裂7眼(9.7%)。视觉电生理检查:32眼(76.1%)挫伤引起闪光ERG的a,b波波幅下降,视力<0.1者26眼(61.9%)闪光VEP的P波潜伏期延迟,波幅下降趋势明显。结论:FFA联合视觉电生理检查对眼挫伤引起的视网膜视神经改变能进行客观、可靠的评价。     

Non-simulator-based techniques in teaching direct ophthalmoscopy for medical students: a systematic review

Non-simulator-based examination methods of the fundal examination have shown to be cost-effective.We reviewed different non-simulator-based direct fundoscopy examination methods used in undergraduate curricula and their outcomes.PubMed(MEDLINE) and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched using standard Medical Subject Heading(MeSH) terms ophthalmoscopy,medical education,undergraduate medical education,medical student,educational assessment and learning.The search included publications until 28^thFebruary 2019.We obtained 34 articles after screening abstracts;of them,12 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis.The studies were comprised of diverse teaching methods which included fundal photograph matching with corresponding eye,continuous education using community-based eye clinics,formal instructions and demonstrations prior to skills training,ophthalmoscopy skills practice using eye pathologies,teaching versus conventional ophthalmoscopy and group-based teaching.We concluded that non-simulator-based techniques such as use of fundal photograph matching of an eye of a volunteer,introduction to eye pathologies,smaller student groups and formal instructions with video demonstrations prior to skills training were highly effective in teaching direct ophthalmoscopy for undergraduate medical students.     

Electroretinogram changes after scleral buckling surgery of retinal detachment

Objective To observe changes in visual function after a single scleral buckling surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) by using ERG (electroretinogram). Methods One eye from 56 patients with rhegmatogenous RD was chosen. Forty-three corresponding normal fellow eyes from these patients were chosen as controls. Single scleral buckling surgery was carried out and a full-field ERG was performed before the surgery, and 1 and 6 months after surgery. Results The mean amplitude of ERG decreased and the latency (except for the a-wave) was delayed in the eye with a retinal detachment, and wavelets of the oscillatory potential decreased or were completely lacking. One month after surgery, the amplitudes of the a and b waves were noticeably improved (except for the 30 Hz flicker responses), but the latency (except for the a-wave) was still delayed. The ratio of b/a (mixed response) increased 1 month after surgery, with no further changes thereafter. The amplitude of the scotopic b wave was 58.1% of the control eyes, while the 30 Hz flicker responses was only 45.8% of controls; the difference between the two responses was significant (P < 0.001). The number of oscillatory potential wavelets increased, but the total amplitude of the oscillatory potentials did not exhibit any obvious changes during the follow-up period (P = 0.20). In the 41 patients whose detachment involved the macula preoperatively, the amplitude of the 30 Hz flicker responses improved significantly after surgery (P = 0.037). Six months after the operation, the wave amplitudes were not significantly different from 1 month after surgery, but there was a tendency toward a decrease in the latency. Conclusions After reattachment of the retina, visual function showed dramatic improvement 1 month after the surgery. The postreceptoral responses recovered more than the a-wave. The rod system recovered more quickly and completely than the cone system during the follow-up period. The incomplete recovery observed by using ERGs indicates that there is irreversible damage that likely occurs following retinal detachment and surgery.     

严重视神经损伤后视觉诱发电位变化分析

目的 利用视觉诱发电位（ＶＥＰ）判断严重神经损伤的预后。方法 回顾分析３０例严重视经损伤的ＶＥＰ检测及临床治疗资料,按伤后视力分为Ａ、Ｂ两组,统计学分析两组ＶＥＰ变化及治疗效果。结果 闪光视诱发电位（ＦＶＥＰ）是两组差异显著的指标,Ａ、Ｂ组ＦＶＥＰ平均波幅下降率分别为７９％、４３％,治疗后有效率分别为１３％、８０％,两组间存在显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论 ＦＶＥＰ对于判断严重视神经损伤的视力预后