老年冠心病并焦虑或抑郁患者自主神经功能的变化

目的探讨老年冠心病并存焦虑、抑郁患者自主神经功能的变化。方法对我院收治的30例住院患者资料进行分析,参照汉密尔顿抑郁量表及抑郁自评量表将患者分为冠心病组和冠心病抑郁组,选择同期50例体检者为对照组。入选患者均进行24h动态心电图检查,分析心率变异指标和冠心病患者抑郁程度的相关性。结果 2组实验前SDS、SAS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05);冠心病组抑郁评分、焦虑评分,低于对照组(P0.05);冠心病抑郁组时域指标中SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD及PN5N0显著低于冠心病组和对照组(P0.05);冠心病组时域指标中SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD以及PN5N0显著高于对照组(P0.05);冠心病抑郁组频域指标中SLF显著高于冠心病组和对照组(P0.05);冠心病抑郁组和冠心病组LF/HF差异无统计学意义(P0.05),显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论老年冠心病伴抑郁症状患者发病后自主神经功能变化明显,且和患者抑郁程度存在相关关系,患者治疗时应该加强患者心理干预,提高治疗预后。     

焦虑症患者心率变异性的相关研究

目的:探讨焦虑症患者心率变异性异常的一些相关影响因素。方法:选取焦虑症患者(焦虑症组)80例和健康志愿者(正常对照组)80名完成一般情况问卷及病史问卷、汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评定,同时采用24小时动态心电图记录器测定两组被试心率变异性(HRV)指标,并进行比较。结果:焦虑症组平均心率显著高于正常对照组(t=6.79,P<0.01)。焦虑症组HRV所有指标均低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),其中SDNN、RMSSD、PNN50、HF及LF/HF与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(t分别=-11.95,-5.34,-4.79,-2.69,-2.93;P均<0.01)。不同性别(F=5.500)、不同年龄段(F=270.39)两组被试平均心率指标差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:焦虑症患者自主神经功能紊乱与性别、年龄有关。     

失眠症患者睡眠质量与心理健康状况及心率变异性的关系

目的:探讨失眠症患者睡眠质量与心理健康状况及心率变异性(HRV)的关系。方法:对165例失眠症患者进行匹兹堡睡眠质量指数问卷(PSQI)评估,并据此分为高分组85例与低分组80例;采用生理相干与自主平衡训练系统(SPCS)采集HRV,应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)评估患者心理健康状况。结果:高分组SCL-90中焦虑因子及睡眠与饮食因子得分显著高于低分组(P均0.05);两组患者HRV中总功率(TP)、低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)、LF/HF比值差异有统计学意义(P均0.05);PSQI总分与HRV中TP、LF、HF呈正相关(r=0.196,0.185,0.223;P0.05或P0.01),与LF/HF呈负相关(r=-0.304,P0.01)。结论:严重失眠的患者易产生焦虑情绪;失眠严重程度与自主神经系统功能失调程度相关。     

癌症相关创伤后应激障碍患者心率变异性研究

目的:探讨癌症相关创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)患者的心率变异性(HRV). 方法:采用临床用创伤后应激功能障碍诊断量表(CAPS)对150例癌症患者进行诊断性访谈,并分为PTSD组(37例)和非PTSD组(nPTSD组,30例);应用PTSD自评量表(PCL-C)对两组患者进行评估;采用生理相干与自主神经平衡系统对PTSD组、nPTSD组、健康对照(NC)组(30名)进行短时HRV检测,分析HRV指标与PTSD核心症状的相关性. 结果:与nPTSD组和NC组比较,PTSD组平静状态下R-R间期标准差(SDNN)和高频功率(HF)较显著下降,低频功率(LF)/HF显著升高(P均＜0.001);应激状态下PTSD组SDNN应激差值明显降低,HF和LF/HF应激差值显著增高(P均＜0.001);HRV指标与PTSD核心症状的严重程度显著相关(P均＜0.05). 结论:癌症相关PTSD患者自主神经功能紊乱,其核心症状的严重程度与自主神经功能紊乱显著相关.     

焦虑症的特质焦虑水平与心率变异性相关研究

目的：了解焦虑症患者的特质焦虑水平与心率变异性（HRV）这一指标相关性。方法：选取焦虑症患者50例，对其进行汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）、特质焦虑问卷（T-AI）心理评定，同时用24h动态心电图记录器，对患者进行HRV指标的测定，对其测定24h全部正常心动周期的标准差（SDNN）、正常相邻心动周期差值的均方的平方根（rMSSD）、每5min正常心动周期的标准差（SDANN）、相邻R-R间期差值超过50ins的心搏数占总心搏数的百分比（PNN50）、5min低频功率（LF）、5min高频功率（HF）、5min极低频功率（VLF）、低频和高频比值（LF／HF）8项指标分别与T-AI、HAMA分值进行分析。结果：焦虑症患者的特质焦虑分值与LF／HF具有显著相关性，但并未发现随着特质焦虑分值的增加，HRV频谱指标有差异性改变。结论：焦虑症患者的特质焦虑水平与自主神经功能不平衡性有关。     

恶劣心境患者述情障碍与自主神经功能的相关研究

目的:探讨恶劣心境患者的人格特质、述情障碍与自主神经功能心理生理反应的相关机制。方法:采用多伦多述情障碍量表中文版(TAS-20-C)及心理健康测查表(PHI)对42例恶劣心境患者组(DD组)、33例重性抑郁症患者组(MD组)及30例健康对照组(NC组)进行述情障碍和心理健康水平和人格特质测定,并分析短时(5min)心率变异性(HRV),评定自主神经功能。结果:DD组TAS-20-C各因子得分及总分显著高于NC组(P<0.01),因子Ⅰ、因子Ⅱ及总分均明显高于MD组(P<0.01或P<0.05);DD组PHI量表躯体化、焦虑、病态人格及疑心因子分明显高于MD组(P<0.01或P<0.05);DD组HRV频谱指标中SDNN、PNN50及HF较MD及NC组均显著下降(P<0.01或P<0.05),LF∕HF较MD及NC组均明显升高(P<0.05);TAS-20-C总分及因子Ⅰ与躯体化、焦虑、病态人格、疑心均相关(︱r︱=0.25～0.38,0.40～0.44,0.47～0.59,0.43～0.42,P<0.01或P<0.05),因子Ⅱ与焦虑及变态人格相关(︱r︱=0.31,0.31,P<0.05);躯体化及焦虑与SDNN、VLF及LF均相关(︱r︱=0.26～0.27,0.39～0.27;︱r︱=0.36～0.28,P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:恶劣心境患者存在明显的述情障碍,其人格特质可能导致患者焦虑程度更高,伴自主神经功能紊乱。     

HRV改变对植物神经功能紊乱的诊断价值分析

目的 研究基于HRV改变的时、频域分析对植物神经功能紊乱的诊断价值.方法 从近年来我院心血管内科住院病人中,筛选出植物神经功能紊乱确诊病例38例,另选健康人38例作为研究对象,将所选材料的DCG数据经统计学处理,提取出HRV的时、频域指标进行对比.结果 时域指标SDNN的24 h观察取值,患病者高于健康者,夜间取值基本持平;频域指标LF和HF的功率谱密度(PSD)值两项,患病者分别高于和低于健康者;LF/HF比值为患病者高.结论 依据时域指标SDNN与频域指标LF确定交感神经兴奋性增强;由频域LF和HF两项指标确定迷走神经兴奋性减弱,从而确诊植物神经功能紊乱;由LF/HF比值的大小,判断自主神经失衡的程度,为冠心病的早期诊断和积极防治提供理论参考.     

心理应激对以躯体症状为主的抑郁症患者自主神经影响的研究

目的 应用心率变异性(Heart rate variability,HRV)的短时频域分析,探讨以躯体症状为主的抑郁症患者心理应激与自主神经功能的变化特点.方法 对51例以躯体症状表现为主的抑郁症患者组(躯体症状组)和57例以情绪核心症状为主的抑郁症患者组(情绪障碍组)、42例躯体形式障碍组(躯体形式组)及48例正常对照组分别在静息、应激及放松过程记录LF值、HF值、LF/HF值,应激变化值及放松变化值.结果 (1)躯体症状组LF应激变化值较情绪障碍组、躯体形式组及正常对照组高(P=0.006,0.031,0.000);躯体症状组LF放松变化值较情绪障碍组、躯体形式组及正常对照组低(P=0.040,0.011,0.004).(2)躯体症状组HF应激变化值较情绪障碍组、正常对照组高(P=0.000,0.000);躯体症状组HF放松变化值较躯体形式组、正常对照组低(P=0.014,0.000).(3)躯体症状组LF/HF应激变化值较情绪障碍组、躯体形式组及正常对照组高(P=0.000,0.025,0.000);躯体症状组LF/HF放松变化值较情绪障碍组、躯体形式组及正常对照组低(P=0.018,0.027,0.000).结论 以躯体症状表现为主的抑郁症患者应激后自主神经表现为高反应性,低习惯化和弱恢复性.     

重症肌无力患者抑郁障碍与皮质醇昼夜节律的关联性分析

目的 观察重症肌无力(Myasthenia gravis,MG)伴抑郁障碍患者皮质醇(COR)昼夜节律变化,探讨MG患者抑郁障碍与COR昼夜节律之间的关联性.方法 根据HAMD-24抑郁量表评分将43例MG患者分为伴抑郁组、不伴抑郁组,采用电化学发光法检测各组8:00、16:00、24:00外周血COR水平,并将所得结果与正常对照组(n=38)进行比较.同时比较不同Osserman分型与正常对照组的日平均COR水平及HAMD-24评分结果.结果 (1)MG伴抑郁组、不伴抑郁组及正常对照组COR水平均随时间点的不同而不同(F =2.824,P=0.036);其中,MG伴抑郁组各个时间点COR水平均高于正常对照组(P =0.009 ＜0.005);(2) MG不同Osserman分型组HAMD-24项评分不同(x2=62.268,P=0.000),日平均COR水平比较无统计学意义(x2=3.332,P=0.343).结论 MG伴抑郁障碍患者COR水平高于正常对照组;与正常对照组相比,MG伴抑郁障碍组还表现出COR昼夜节律的紊乱.     

复发性抑郁症与长期住院精神分裂症患者的心率变异性差异

目的 比较复发性抑郁症与长期住院精神分裂症患者之间心率变异性（HRV）的差异。 方法 回顾性连续纳入2014 年1 月至2019 年1 月于上海交通大学医学院附属精神卫生中心精神科住 院治疗的多次发作的抑郁症或长期住院精神分裂症患者各120 例,两组患者性别、年龄相匹配。对两 组患者分别开展HRV 检测,使用24 h 动态心电图记录仪和心率变异分析软件进行检测,并对HRV相关 指标R-R间期标准差（ SDNN）、相邻R-R间期差值的均方根（ rMSSD）、相邻R-R间期之间差值＞50 ms的 百分比（PNN50）、低频功率（LF）、高频功率（HF）、LF与HF之间的比值（LF/HF）的结果进行组间比较。采 用Spearman 相关分析分析两组患者住院次数与HRV 各指标的相关性。结果 复发性抑郁症患者组时 阈指标SDNN 高于长期住院精神分裂症组［121.0（95.0,158.0）比111.0（87.0,144.0）ms,t=2.214］,rMSSD、 PNN50 低于长期住院精神分裂症组［22.0（13.0,46.0）比20.0（12.0,28.0）ms,t=3.832;3.0（0,13.0）% 比2.0（0, 7.0）%,t=2.571］,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜ 0.05）;两组频阈指标差异无统计学意义（均P＞ 0.05）。进 一步采用Spearman 相关分析结果显示,复发性抑郁症患者住院次数与rMSSD（r=0.270,P=0.003）、PNN50 （r=0.263,P=0.004）、HF（r=0.246,P=0.015）相关,但精神分裂症患者住院次数与HRV各分析指标无相关（均 P＞ 0.05）。结论 复发性抑郁症患者的自主神经功能失调较长期住院精神分裂症患者严重,复发性抑 郁症患者的住院次数影响患者HRV时阈指标     

躯体化症状为主的抑郁症心率变异性对照研究

目的：探讨躯体化症状为主的抑郁症患者自主神经系统的特点及抑郁症躯体化表现的发生机制。方法：对30例躯体化症状为主的患者（A组）和30例情绪症状为主的患者（B组）及30例健康正常者（C组）分别进行汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）和汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评定及短时（10min）心率变异性（HRV）分析。结果：A、B、C3组HRV分析指标RR间期标准差（SDNN）分别为（50.84±19.92）ms、（94.93±28.80）ms、（105.77±22.05）ms,A组显著低于C组（t=5.68,P〈0.01）,较B组低（t=3.73,P〈0.05）;3组LF/HF分别为（6.26±2.11）ms、（3.51±2.44）ms、（1.80±1.07）ms,A组显著高于C组（t=6.35,P〈0.01）,较B组高（t=2.50,P〈0.05）;A组HAMD评分（28.30±6.26）分高于B组（24.35±6.69）分,二者差异有显著性（t=3.14,P〈0.05）;A组HAMA评分（22.70±4.92）分显著高于B组（13.05±4.71）分,二者差异有显著性（t=6.17,P〈0.01）;HAMD焦虑/躯体化因子分与HRV指标SDNN、LF、HF、VLF和LF/HF均呈中度相关（r分别为0.49、0.61、0.58、0.50、0.63）（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论：躯体化症状表现为主的抑郁症患者多伴有焦虑,自主神经功能紊乱。     

抑郁症焦虑症患者心率变异性特点的对比研究

目的探讨抑郁症、焦虑症患者自主神经功能的特点。方法随机选择42例抑郁症患者,10例焦虑症患者和17例健康对照者分别接受短时心率变异性分析,记录相关考察指标,进行统计学分析。结果心率变异性分析的各项考察指标中,各观察组均有一项或多项低于正常对照组（P〈0．05）;且各组之间互相对比分析P〈0．05。结论抑郁症、焦虑症患者均存在心率变异性的降低,其自主神经功能活性降低。抑郁症患者因伴或不伴有焦虑症状,其心率变异指标不同,可以指导治疗。     

Specific acupuncture sensation correlates with EEGs and autonomic changes in human subjects

Sympathetic overactivation is suggested to be associated with chronic pain syndrome, and acupuncture is frequently applied in therapy for this syndrome. Furthermore, the forebrain including the various cerebral cortices has been implicated in inhibitory and facilitatory control of pain as well as autonomic functions. We investigated relationships among specific sensations induced by acupuncture manipulation, effects on sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic functions, and EEG changes. An acupuncture needle was inserted into the right trapezius muscle of the subjects, and acupuncture manipulation was repeated to induce specific acupuncture sensation repeatedly while the needle was left in the muscle. Acupuncture manipulation significantly decreased heart rate (HR), and increased systolic blood pressure (SBP). Spectral analysis indicated that acupuncture manipulation significantly decreased low frequency components (LF) of both HR variability (HRV) and SBP variability (SBPV), and significantly reduced ratio of LF to high frequency component (HF) of HRV (LF/HF, index of sympathetic activity). Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between changes in LF/HF ratio of HRV and the number of specific acupuncture sensations reported, and a significant positive correlation between HF of HRV and the number of acupuncture sensations. Analyses of EEG data indicated that acupuncture manipulation non-specifically increased power of all spectral bands except the gamma band. Furthermore, changes in HF (index of parasympathetic activity) and total power (overall activity of the autonomic nervous system) of HRV were positively correlated with changes in theta, alpha, and gamma power, while changes in LF of SBPV and LF/HF of HRV were negatively correlated with changes in power of all spectral bands. These results are consistent with the suggestion that autonomic changes induced by manipulation inducing specific acupuncture sensations might be mediated through the central nervous system, especially through the forebrain as shown in EEG changes, and are beneficial to relieve chronic pain by inhibiting sympathetic nervous activity.     

Spectral analyses of electroencephalography and heart rate variability during sleep in normal subjects

We investigated the relationship between electroencephalogram (EEG) activity and autonomic nervous system function using spectral analyses of EEG and heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy subjects during sleep. Eleven subjects were enrolled in this study. From EEG, the spectral edge frequencies (SEFs including SEF50, SEF90 and SEF95) were calculated. From electrocardiogram (ECG), the spectral powers of low-frequency band (LF: 0.04-0.15 Hz), high-frequency band (HF: 0.15-0.4 Hz) and the ratio of LF to HF (LF/HF) were calculated. During sleep, each set of data was obtained as the average of a 5-min measurement. We found that SEFs and LF/HF or LF decreased simultaneously and periodically, suggesting simultaneous depression of EEG activity and relative sympathetic activity, and SEFs significantly correlated with LF/HF and LF in all subjects during sleep, but not with HF. The existence of a clear correlation of SEFs with LF or LF/HF may offer a simple approach to estimate the relationship between EEG activity and autonomic nervous system function during sleep.     

抑郁症与精神分裂症患者心率变异性的对照分析

目的探讨抑郁症与精神分裂症患者的心率变异性（HRV）的差异。方法对36例首次发作的抑郁症患者及年龄、性别与之相匹配的41例首次发作的精神分裂症患者分别进行短时程HRV检测,并对其心率变异指标SDNN、MSD、rMSSD、PNN50、LF、HF、LF/HF结果进行分析。结果抑郁症患者的时阈指标rMSSD（P〈0.05）、PNN50（P〈0.01）较精神分裂症显著降低,而两者之间的频阈分析指标无明显差异。结论抑郁症患者的自主神经功能失调较精神分裂症患者更严重。     

Sympathetic and parasympathetic activities evaluated by heart-rate variability in head injury of various severities.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the autonomic function in patients with brain damage of various extents. The purposes were to correlate the parameters derived from spectral analysis of the heart-rate variability (HRV) with the classic Glasgow coma scale (GCS), and to evaluate the possible clinical application of HRV in the autonomic functions in patients with various severities of brain-stem injury. METHODS: A total of 90 patients was divided into 5 groups based on the GCS: I: 15, II: 9-14, III: 4-8, no pupil dilatation, IV: 4-8, pupil dilatation, and V: 3, brain death. Electrocardiogram was recorded for frequency-domain analysis of RR intervals. HRV were categorized into the low-frequency (LF, 0.04-0.15Hz) and high-frequency power (HF, 0.15-0.40Hz), LF to HF power ratio (LF/HF), normalized powers (LF and HF%). These HRV parameters were correlated with the severity of brain damage. RESULTS: The LF, HF, LF%, and LF/HF in Group I were essentially similar to those in the normal subjects. LF and HF decreased from Group I to IV. All parameters were nearly absent in Group V. CONCLUSIONS: The increases in LF% and LF/HF with the decrease in HF indicate augmented sympathetic and attenuated parasympathetic drive. These changes were related to the severity of brain-stem damage. Both LF and HF were nearly abolished in brain death. SIGNIFICANCE: Our analysis indicates that HRV may be an useful tool for evaluating the autonomic functions in patients with brain damage of various degrees.     

自主神经功能与产后抑郁的相关性分析

目的探讨妊娠期自主神经功能对产后抑郁的影响及相关性。方法以2015-06—2016-06在我院产科门诊建立产检保健卡的257例妊娠期妇女为研究对象进行前瞻性研究,所有妊娠妇女于妊娠12周内进行早期自主神经系统功能检查,并于产后42d给予爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)进行产后抑郁评估,根据是否发生产后抑郁进行分组,并对临床资料和早期自主神经功能检测结果进行比较分析。结果 257例产妇中EPDS≥13分者39例(抑郁组),EPDS13分者218例(正常组),产后抑郁发生率为15.18%,组间比较,抑郁组与正常组在是否首胎、分娩方式、孕周方面差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);抑郁组SDNN、LF/HF比值明显低于正常组,而压力指数相比正常组明显增高(P0.05);SDNN与产后抑郁呈负相关,压力指数与产后抑郁呈正相关(P0.05)。结论妊娠早期进行常规自主神经功能检查对于筛查和干预产后抑郁有一定的指导作用。     

Distinguishing bipolar II depression from unipolar major depressive disorder: Differences in heart rate variability

Objectives. Bipolar II (BPII) depression is commonly misdiagnosed as unipolar depression (UD); however, an objective and reliable tool to differentiate between these disorders is lacking. Whether cardiac autonomic function can be used as a biomarker to distinguish BPII from UD is unknown. Methods. We recruited 116 and 591 physically healthy patients with BPII depression and UD, respectively, and 421 healthy volunteers aged 20–65 years. Interviewer and self-reported measures of depression/anxiety severity were obtained. Cardiac autonomic function was evaluated by heart rate variability (HRV) and frequency-domain indices of HRV. Results. Patients with BPII depression exhibited significantly lower mean R–R intervals, variance (total HRV), low frequency (LF)-HRV, and high frequency (HF)-HRV but higher LF/HF ratio compared to those with UD. The significant differences remained after adjusting for age. Compared to the controls, the patients with BPII depression showed cardiac sympathetic excitation with reciprocal vagal impairment, whereas the UD patients showed only vagal impairment. Depression severity independently contributed to decreased HRV and vagal tone in both the patients with BPII depression and UD, but increased sympathetic tone only in those with BPII depression. Conclusions. HRV may aid in the differential diagnosis of BPII depression and UD as an adjunct to diagnostic interviews.     

Heart rate variability in patients with different manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease

BACKGROUND: Autonomic nervous dysfunction has frequently been observed in patients with gastroesophageal reflux diseases (GERD) and impacts the pathogenesis of GERD. However, the characteristics that distinguish between GERD patients with different manifestations remain unknown. AIM: To investigate the autonomic nervous function in subgroups of GERD patients. PATIENTS: Of the 164 participants in this study, 57 were healthy controls, 34 had non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), 40 had symptomatic esophagitis (SE), and 33 asymptomatic esophagitis (AE). METHODS: Resting autonomic activity was assessed by measuring the 5-min heart rate variability (HRV) and HRV indices including time-domain parameters (standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals [SDNN] and root mean square of successive differences [RMSSD]) and frequency-domain parameters (low-frequency power [LF; 0.04-0.15 Hz], high-frequency power [HF; 0.15-0.4 Hz], and LF/HF power ratio). Mental stress was assessed by use of a self-reported questionnaire (Brief Symptom Rating Scale [BSRS]). RESULTS: HF power was (ANOVA, p=0.041) but time-domain parameters, LF power, LF/HF power ratio, and BSRS parameters were not significantly different between the four groups. A higher HF power was found in examinees with NERD than in those with SE and AE (LSD methods: both p=0.02). When split into two groups (erosive vs. non-erosive), nearly all measures of autonomic tonus were significantly lower in the erosive than non-erosive group. Age and the presence of endoscopic esophagitis influenced the RMSSD and HF power results in the regression analysis. Mental stress or gender did not correlate with any HRV index. CONCLUSION: In comparison with NERD subjects, autonomic tonus in patients with endoscopically confirmed esophagitis (even without symptom) is lower. This finding may suggest that the structural state of esophagus but not symptomatology dictates autonomic function status.     

Autonomic reactivity to induced emotion as potential predictor of response to antidepressant treatment

Distinct factors have been identified as potential predictors of antidepressant treatment response. Although autonomic function changes have been described in depressive subjects, their value as predictors of antidepressant response has not been systematically evaluated. Eight un-medicated patients with major depressive order (MDD) have their skin conductance (SC) and heart rate variability (HRV) measured at basal condition and during four induced emotional states: happy, angry, sad and neutral. The high frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF) power parameters of HRV were assessed. Subsequently, patients were treated with fluoxetine 20 mg/day for 8 weeks. The antidepressant response was measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The BDI percentage reduction correlated significantly with HRV responses during sad condition in LF power, and during happy condition with LF/HF ratio. The BDI percentage reduction also correlated significantly with HR responses in happy and in neutral conditions, and also with SC responses in neutral condition. These preliminary findings indicate that automatic responses to induced emotions may predict antidepressant response in MDD patients. Confirmatory studies are warranted.