兰索拉唑治疗消化性溃疡的近期疗效观察

目的：观察第二代质子泵抑制剂兰索拉唑治疗消化性溃疡的近期疗效。方法：104例消化性溃疡病人被分为两级。兰索拉唑组,54例,给予兰索拉唑30mg·d－1口服;奥美拉唑组,50例,给予20mg·d－1奥美拉唑口服,疗程4周。结果：两级溃疡4周愈合率分别为96．20％,88％,无统计学差异。但两组间3d疼痛消失率差异有显著性,P＜0．05。兰索拉唑组未见明显不良反应。结论：兰索拉唑是治疗消化性溃疡有效而安全的药物。     

兰索拉唑及其代谢产物的生物等效性研究

目的:评价兰索拉唑及其代谢产物的生物等效性.方法:用LC-MS/MS测定兰索拉唑及其代谢产物的血药浓度.20名健康男性志愿者随机分组、自身交叉口服单剂量受试制剂和参比制剂进行生物等效性评价.结果:受试制剂兰索拉唑的AUC0→t、Cmax、tmax分别为(3887.74±2 766.08 )ng·h·ml -、(1 009.95±321.73 )ng·ml-1、(2.42±0.89)h;参比制剂兰索拉唑的AUC0→t、Cmax、tmax分别为(3 895.25±2 809.82 )ng·h·ml-1、(1 150.74±480.22) ng·ml-1、(2.29±1.07)h.受试制剂5-羟基兰索拉唑的AUC0+t、Cmax、tmax分别为(278.44±106.60) ng·h·ml-1、(95.65±48.50 )ng · ml -1、(2.29±0.84)h;参比制剂5-羟基兰索拉唑的AUC0+t、Cmax、tmax分别为(291.52±131.81) ng·h·ml -、(113.81±66.36) ng ·ml-1、(2.16±1.11)h.受试制剂相比参比制剂的兰索拉唑、5-羟基兰索拉唑的人体相对生物利用度分别是(106.1％±32.7％)、(102.43％±38.87％).受试制剂相对参比制剂的兰索拉唑、5-羟基兰索拉唑主要药动学参数经交叉试验方差分析差异无统计学意义,两制剂的AUC0+t,Cmax经双单侧t检验示90％置信区间均位于有效置信区间范围内.结论:兰索拉唑的2种制剂以兰索拉唑及5-羟基兰索拉唑血药浓度数据评价,具有生物等效性.     

兰索拉唑片的人体药动学和生物等效性研究

目的建立HPLC测定人血浆中兰索拉唑浓度,评价兰索拉唑片（受试制剂）与兰索拉唑口崩片（参比制剂）的人体生物等效性。方法20名男性健康受试者采用双周期交叉试验,单剂量口服兰索拉唑片和口崩片各30mg,采集到的血浆样品加入奥美拉唑为内标,碱化后经乙醚-二氯甲烷提取,进行测定。色谱柱为ODS C18柱（150mm×4.6mm,5μm）;流动相：甲醇-乙腈-水（15∶28∶57）;检测波长：285nm,测定血浆中兰索拉唑浓度,应用DAS2.0.1软件计算主要药代动力学参数,并进行两种制剂的生物等效性评价。结果受试制剂与参比制剂的主要药代动力学参数：Tmax分别为（1.8±0.5）和（1.9±0.5）h;Cmax分别为（1144±240.8）和（1162±267.4）ng·mL^-1;t1/2分别为（1.4±0.3）和（1.4±0.3）h;AUC0～12分别为（3258±1222）和（3055±1151）ng·h·mL^-1;AUC0-∞分别为（3341±1251）和（3135±1182）ng·h·mL^-1,以AUC0～12计算,与参比制剂相比受试制剂兰索拉唑的相对生物利用度为（108.7±21.6）%（n=20）。结论两种兰索拉唑制剂具有生物等效性。     

兰索拉唑三联疗法治疗胃溃疡66例

目的：探讨分析运用兰索拉唑三联疗法治疗胃溃疡的临床效果.方法：本次研究选取于2009-03～2013-12因胃溃疡入我院接受治疗的患者66例,将其随机划分为观察组和对照组.观察组患者采用兰索拉唑三联疗法,即阿莫西林,克拉霉素以及兰索拉唑共同治疗.而对照组则是采用阿莫西林,克拉霉素以及雷尼替丁联合治疗.观察分析两组患者在接受治疗的临床疗效,分析兰索拉唑三联疗法治疗胃溃疡的临床疗效.结果：两组患者在经过治疗后,可以发现观察组患者的治疗效果要明显优于对照组.对照组中有8例患者出现不良反应（占24.24％）,而观察组中,则有3例患者出现不良反应（占9.09％）.结论：兰索拉唑三联疗法治疗胃溃疡疗效优良,且不良反应少,值得临床上的进一步研究,和推广使用。     

兰索拉唑联用达喜治疗胃溃疡的临床疗效分析

目的探讨兰索拉唑联用达喜（铝碳酸镁）治疗胃溃疡临床的疗效。方法选自我院门诊198例胃溃疡的患者,分为治疗组105例,对照组93组,两组根除幽门螺杆菌（H．Pylori）三联治疗方法。1周后,治疗组用兰索拉唑和达喜治疗;对照只用兰索拉唑。1疗程为8周。结果治疗组的痊愈率和总有效率分别为61．91％和93．33％;对照组的痊愈率和总有效率分别为40．09％和80．65％,两组的痊愈率和总有效率比较差异有统计学意义俨〈0．05）。药物未见明显不良反应。结论兰索拉唑联用达喜治疗胃溃疡,疗效较单用兰索拉唑显著。     

兰索拉唑片相对生物利用度与生物等效性研究

目的研究兰索拉唑片与兰索拉唑肠溶胶囊的人体相对生物利用度和生物等效性。方法健康志愿者24例,随机交叉单剂量口服兰索拉唑片与兰索拉唑胶囊,剂量均为30 mg,洗脱期1周。分别于服药后12 h内多点抽取静脉血,高效液相色谱法测定血浆兰索拉唑浓度。计算主要药动学参数及相对生物利用度,并评价两种制剂生物等效性。结果单剂量口服兰索拉唑片与兰索拉唑肠溶胶囊后血浆中兰索拉唑Cmax分别为(949.8±329.0)和(973.2±322.2)ng/mL;tmax分别为(2.44±0.52)和(2.06±0.70)h;t1/2分别为(1.97±1.12)和(1.84±1.11)h;AUC0→12分别为(3 054±2 019)和(2 911±1 818)ng.h/mL;AUC0→∞分别为(3 398±2 825)和(3 106±2 138)ng.h/mL。Cmax、AUC0→12和AUC0→∞的90%可信区间分别为90.7%~104.0%,94.0%~110.8%和94.9%~112.2%。以AUC0→12计算,兰索拉唑片的相对生物利用度为(105.0±24.6)%。结论兰索拉唑片与兰索拉唑肠溶胶囊具有生物等效性。     

兰索拉唑片相对生物利用度与生物等效性研究

目的研究兰索拉唑胶囊与兰索拉唑片的人体相对利用度和生物等效性。方法健康志愿者19例,随机交叉单剂量口服试验制剂兰索拉唑片与参比制剂兰索拉唑胶囊,剂量均为30 mg,洗脱期1周。分别于服药后12 h内多点抽取静脉血;高效液相色谱法测定血浆兰索拉唑浓度。应用DAS2.0统计软件计算相对生物利用度并评价两种制剂生物等效性。结果单剂量口服试验制剂和参比制剂后血浆中兰索拉唑Cmax分别为（662.14±360.85）和（649.85±356.29） μg•L 1;tmax分别为(2.82±0.53)和(2.26±0.63) h;AUC0→12分别为(1 788.12 ±1 078.25)和(1 857.72 ±1 136.34) μg•h•L 1;AUC0→∞分别为(1 892.97±1 108.87)和(1 938.03±1 160.68) μg•h•L 1。Cmax、AUC0→12和AUC0→∞ 90%可信区间分别为97.8%～104.8%,90.0%～101.9%和92.0%～103.2%。试验制剂与参比制剂的人体相对生物利用度为（96.8±15.1）%。结论试验制剂与参比制剂具有生物等效性。     

兰索拉唑联合胃苏颗粒治疗反流性食管炎临床疗效分析

目的：观察兰索拉唑联合胃苏颗粒治疗反流性食管炎（RE ）的疗效。方法将我院门诊120例经过症状及胃镜检查确诊为RE患者随机分为观察组（60例）及对照组（60例）;观察组：兰索拉唑30mg,2次／d、胃苏颗粒5g,3次／d。对照组：兰索拉唑30mg,2次／d,莫沙必利5mg,3次／d,疗程均为8周,两组均观察临床症状、内镜下变化及其药物不良反应。结果经过8周治疗两组症状及内镜下黏膜修复状况都较治疗前明显改善,观察组临床总有效率为91．67％,对照组84．00％;两组比较差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）。结论观察组和对照组对 RE均有好疗效,但对照组出现莫沙必利导致的腹泻、腹痛及肝功能损害等副作用,而观察组未出现药物副作用,且安全性好,值得临床推广应用。     

兰索拉唑肠溶片人体生物等效性研究

目的:研究兰索拉唑肠溶片与肠溶胶囊在健康人体的生物等效性。方法:20名健康志愿者采用双周期交叉试验,单剂量空腹口服兰索拉唑肠溶片和肠溶胶囊各30mg,HPLC法测定其血清中兰索拉唑浓度,血药浓度-时间数据经DAS2.0统计软件处理,计算主要药代动力学参数,并进行两种制剂的生物等效性评价。结果:兰索拉唑肠溶片与肠溶胶囊的主要药代动力学参数:t1/2为1.808±1.031和1.341±0.498h、Cmax为0.764±0.385和0.902±0.369μg·ml-1、Tmax为3.639±0.744和2.500±1.000h、AUC0-10h为3.024±1.941和3.098±1.742μg·h·ml-1。兰索拉唑肠溶片的相对生物利用度为109.57%±59.48%。结论:两种制剂具有生物等效性。     

兰索拉唑治疗消化性溃疡出血的临床观察

目的：观察兰索拉唑治疗消化性溃疡出血的疗效。方法：134例消化性溃疡出血患者随机分为两组各67例,治疗组注射兰索拉唑30mg,q12h,疗程5d;对照组注射奥关拉唑40mg,q12h,疗程5d。结果：治疗组总有效率94．03％,对照组总有效率95．52％。两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〈0．05）。治疗中未见明显不良反应。结论：兰索拉唑治疗消化性溃疡并出血安全有效。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.