耳穴贴压法对全身麻醉术后患者躁动的影响

目的 探讨耳穴贴压法结合常规护理对全麻术后患者躁动的影响.方法 将60例全麻术后躁动患者随机分为观察组(33例)和对照组(27例),对照组采用常规护理,观察组在此基础上加用耳穴贴压法,即术后6 h采用王不留行籽贴压双侧神门、心、脑干3组耳穴.结果 两组全麻术后第2天、第4天躁动程度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,...     

耳穴贴压联合5α-还原酶抑制剂对经尿道等离子前列腺剜除术后患者近期生活质量的影响

目的:评估联合应用王不留行籽耳穴贴压和5α-还原酶抑制剂(非那雄胺片)对经尿道等离子前列腺剜除(PKEP)术后患者生活质量的影响。方法:自2020年1月至2022年12月,收集江苏大学附属金坛医院泌尿外科拟行PKEP的良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者120例,自愿签署知情同意书后随机分为四组,分别在术前3天给予谷维素片5 mg每晚一次口服(安慰剂组,n=30)、王不留行籽耳穴贴压(耳穴贴压组,n=31)、非那雄胺5 mg每晚一次口服(非那雄胺组,n=29)和王不留行籽耳穴贴压联合非那雄胺5 mg每晚一次口服(联合治疗组,n=30),PKEP术后继续上述治疗6周。比较4组患者围手术期一般资料及术后6周随访结果,对比观察各组间治疗后的夜尿症状评分、抑郁自评量表和生活质量评分(QoL)等指标。结果:120例BPH患者接受PKEP后均完成术后6周随访,术前4组患者相关资料无统计学差异,术后2周和4周复查,耳穴贴压组和联合治疗组的夜尿症状评分,优于安慰剂组和非那雄胺组,抑郁症状评分和QoL结果显示,耳穴贴压组、非那雄胺组和联合治疗组优于安慰剂组(P<0.05)。术后6周复查,联合治疗组QoL为...     

耳穴贴压治疗维持性血液透析患者瘙痒的临床疗效观察

目的:观察耳穴贴压治疗维持性血液透析患者皮肤瘙痒的临床疗效并探讨其可能机制。方法:筛选我院长期进行维持性血液透析并发皮肤瘙痒病例,将其分为耳穴贴压对照组和治疗组,治疗组采用基础治疗加耳穴贴治疗(内含王不留行籽),对照组采用基础治疗加耳穴贴治疗(不含王不留行籽)。结果:耳穴贴压治疗组与对照组数据比较,瘙痒VAS评分以及组胺含量数据比较差异有统计学意义; P物质、蛋白酶激活受体-2、类胰蛋白酶含量数据比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:耳穴贴压可以改善维持性血液透析患者皮肤瘙痒,提高患者的整体生活质量。     

基于前哨症状的耳穴贴压预防胃癌化疗患者症状群的效果

目的 对胃癌化疗患者进行预防性症状管理,降低症状群发生率及相关症状严重程度。 方法 将肿瘤科收治的胃癌化疗患者120例按随机序列分为试验Ⅰ组40例、试验Ⅱ组40例、对照组40例。三组均在常规护理的基础上行耳穴贴压,试验Ⅰ组选取症状群相关穴位行耳穴贴压,试验Ⅱ组选取疼痛相关穴位行耳穴贴压,对照组选取假穴位贴压,连续干预1周。比较三组干预前后疼痛-疲乏-睡眠障碍症状群发生率、症状严重程度的差异。 结果 干预后,试验Ⅰ组症状群发生率显著低于对照组（P＜0.0125）,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组疼痛程度显著低于对照组,试验Ⅰ组疲乏得分、睡眠得分显著低于试验Ⅱ组与对照组（均P＜0.05）。 结论 基于前哨症状行耳穴贴压预见性干预胃癌化疗患者,可显著降低疼痛-疲乏-睡眠障碍症状群发生率,减轻患者症状困扰程度。     

基于前哨症状的耳穴贴压预防胃癌化疗患者症状群的效果

目的 对胃癌化疗患者进行预防性症状管理,降低症状群发生率及相关症状严重程度。方法 将肿瘤科收治的胃癌化疗患者120例按随机序列分为试验Ⅰ组40例、试验Ⅱ组40例、对照组40例。三组均在常规护理的基础上行耳穴贴压,试验Ⅰ组选取症状群相关穴位行耳穴贴压,试验Ⅱ组选取疼痛相关穴位行耳穴贴压,对照组选取假穴位贴压,连续干预1周。比较三组干预前后疼痛-疲乏-睡眠障碍症状群发生率、症状严重程度的差异。结果 干预后,试验Ⅰ组症状群发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.0125),试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组疼痛程度显著低于对照组,试验Ⅰ组疲乏得分、睡眠得分显著低于试验Ⅱ组与对照组(均P<0.05)。结论 基于前哨症状行耳穴贴压预见性干预胃癌化疗患者,可显著降低疼痛-疲乏-睡眠障碍症状群发生率,减轻患者症状困扰程度。     

压丸法干预肛肠术后尿潴留

目的探讨王不留行籽耳穴贴压（压丸）法对肛肠手术后尿潴留预防的临床疗效。方法对300例肛肠科患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,治疗组术前给予耳穴贴压法,对照组给予心理诱导、按摩、听水声治疗,观察两组术后尿潴留发生率,并作比较。结果治疗组发生尿潴留机率明显低于对照组,疗效显著。结论耳穴贴压法能有效降低肛门术后尿潴留发生率,而且操作简单,费用低廉,并发症小,临床可推广应用。     

耳穴贴压对日间手术腹股沟疝术后疼痛护理的影响

目的观察耳穴贴压对日间手术腹股沟疝术后疼痛护理的影响。方法选取2014年4月至2016年4月江苏省徐州市中医院急诊科日间病房收治的60例腹股沟疝患者,随机分为分为观察组和对照组,每组患者30例。观察组取穴神门、交感、皮质下、小肠、外生殖器等穴,术后给予王不留行籽耳穴贴压,每穴每次按压3~5 min,双耳同时对称贴压,对照组不予耳穴贴压。于术后4 h、10 h、20 h评定2组患者切口疼痛情况。结果术后4 h、10 h、20 h观察组静息时切口二级以上疼痛(疼痛评分≧4分)发生率30%,对照组发生率73%;术后4 h、10 h、20 h观察组翻身时切口二级以上疼痛发生率43%,对照组发生率100%。观察组均低于对照组。结论耳穴贴压可有效降低腹股沟疝术后疼痛的发生率,有利于日间病房患者出院后的康复。     

耳穴贴压不同起始时间预防阿片相关性便秘效果比较

目的比较不同时间耳穴贴压预防阿片相关性便秘的效果。方法将首次使用且观察期间持续应用强阿片类镇痛药物的85例恶性肿瘤患者随机分为对照组(28例)、试验Ⅰ组(29例)、试验Ⅱ组(28例)。各组均给予常规治疗护理方案,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组在对照组基础上分别于患者首次使用阿片时、使用阿片3d后给予耳穴贴压,观察三组便秘发生率及严重程度。结果试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组及对照组阿片类便秘发生率分别为24.1%、39.3%、57.1%,三组差异有统计学意义(P0.05),试验Ⅰ组便秘严重程度显著优于试验Ⅱ组和对照组。结论耳穴贴压可有效预防阿片类便秘,且于患者首次使用阿片时干预为最佳起始时间。     

益神安眠贴联合耳穴贴压治疗慢性疲劳综合征护士睡眠障碍

目的 探讨益神安眠贴联合耳穴贴压对慢性疲劳综合征护士睡眠障碍的改善作用.方法 将86名患有睡眠障碍的慢性疲劳综合征护士随机分为观察组44名和对照组42名.对照组予以认知教育干预,观察组予以益神安眠贴联合耳穴贴压治疗.干预4周后采用简化匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表和疲劳评定量表评定干预效果.结果 干预结束后两组匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表总分均显著下降,观察组改善程度显著优于对照组（均P＜0.05）;观察组疲劳评定量表评分显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）.结论 益神安眠贴联合耳穴贴压能改善慢性疲劳综合征护士的睡眠质量,缓解其疲劳程度.     

益神安眠贴联合耳穴贴压治疗慢性疲劳综合征护士睡眠障碍

目的探讨益神安眠贴联合耳穴贴压对慢性疲劳综合征护士睡眠障碍的改善作用。方法将86名患有睡眠障碍的慢性疲劳综合征护士随机分为观察组44名和对照组42名。对照组予以认知教育干预,观察组予以益神安眠贴联合耳穴贴压治疗。干预4周后采用简化匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表和疲劳评定量表评定干预效果。结果干预结束后两组匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表总分均显著下降,观察组改善程度显著优于对照组(均P0.05);观察组疲劳评定量表评分显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论益神安眠贴联合耳穴贴压能改善慢性疲劳综合征护士的睡眠质量,缓解其疲劳程度。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Is the recovery profile of mivacurium independent of the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with normal plasma cholinesterase activity?

Background: The duration of action of muscle relaxants is poorly correlated to the rate of decay of their plasma concentration. The plasma concentration of mivacurium may rapidly decrease below its active concentration because of the extensive hydrolysis of mivacurium. By inflating a tourniquet on one upper limb for 3 min after the administration of atracurium, mivacurium or vecuronium, we studied the influence of the initial decline of their plasma concentration on their effect. Methods: In 50 patients anaesthetised with thiopental, isoflurane and fentanyl, the effect of bolus doses of 0.15 or 0.25 mg . kg^?1 mivacurium (MIV 15, MIV 25), 0.3 or 0.5 mg . kg^?1 atracurium (ATR 30, ATR 50) and 0.06 or 0.1 mg . kg^?1 vecuronium (VEC 06, VEC 10) were measured on both arms (evoked response of the adductor pollicis to train-of-four stimulation every 12 s), a tourniquet being applied on one arm just before and during 3 min after the muscle relaxant bolus. Results: Tourniquet inflation of 3 min almost abolished the neuromuscular effect of mivacurium. In the vecuronium groups and in the ATR 50 group, tourniquet inflation did not modify the maximum degree of depression of the twitch response. Also, the duration of action of vecuronium was unaffected by the tourniquet. In the ATR 30 group, times to return of the twitch response to 25% (duration 25%) and 75% (duration 75%) of control response were significantly shorter in the cuffed arm, 23 min vs 27 min, and 41 min vs 45 min, respectively. In the ATR 50 group, only duration 25% was significantly shorter in the cuffed arm (41 min vs 45 min). Conclusion: The results suggest that the rate of decline of the plasma concentration of mivacurium is so rapid, that a very low and almost clinically ineffective concentration is present as soon as 3 min after its administration. The results also indicate that the recovery from a mivacurium-induced neuromuscular blockade is not influenced by the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with genotypically normal plasma cholinesterase.     

Membranes in Artificial Organs

Abstract: Membrane processes play a pivotal and enabling role in modern replacement therapy for acute and chronic organ failure and in the management of immunologic diseases. In fact, virtually all contemporary extracorporeal blood purification methods employ membrane devices, and the next generation of artificial organs and tissue engineering therapies are almost certain to be similarly grounded in membrane technology. In this short essay, we comment on the similarities and differences among synthetic membranes and their natural counterparts and also provide a critical overview of the demographics and technology of hemodialysis, hemofiltration, apheresis, oxygenation, and emerging membrane technologies and applications.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Dilemma of Membrane Biocompatibility and Reuse

Abstract: Numerous articles have been published on the multiple use of dialyzers and on the effect of different reprocessing chemicals and techniques on the dialyzer biocompatibility and performance. The results often appear contradictory, especially those comparing standard biocompatibility parameters. Despite this confusion, a discerning review of the published works allows certain limited conclusions to be drawn. Reprocessing of used hemodialyzers changes the biocompatibility profile of a dialyzer as defined by the parameters complement activation. leukopenia, and cytokine release. The effect of reprocessing depends on the chemicals and reprocessing technique applied and also on the type of membrane polymer being subjected to the reprocessing procedure. Reports of pyrogenic reactions indicate that the flux of the membrane also influences how suitable it is for safe reuse. An increased risk of allergic and pyrogenic reactions appears to be associated with dialyzer reuse. Furthermore, there has been a lack of investigations into the immunologic effect of the layer of adsorbed and chemically altered proteins that remains on the inner surface of reprocessed dialyzers. We conclude that the clinical benefit of dialyzer reuse cannot be generally accepted from a biocompatibility point of view.     

The analgesic effect of racemic ketamine in patients with chronic ischemic pain due to lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans

Background : Ketamine in sub-dissociative doses has been shown to have analgesic and phantom-Limb pain, where conventional treatment has often failed. Chronic ischemic pain due to lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans often responds poorly to analgesics, and the pain-generating mechanisms are not well understood.
Methods : Eight patients with rest pain in the lower extremity due to arteriosclerosis obliterans were given sub-dissociative doses of 0.15, 0.30, or 0.45 mg/kg racemic ketamine and morphine 10 mg as a 5-min infusion on four separate days in a cross-over, double-blind, randomised protocol. Plasma levels of (S)- and (R)-ketamine and their nor-metabolites were analysed with an enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Pain levels were evaluated with a visual analogue scale (VAS).
Results : Individual pain levels were highly variable during and after all the infusions but the pooled pain levels showed a dose-dependent analgesic effect of ketamine with a transient but complete pain relief in all patients at the highest dose (0.45 mg/ kg). Side-effects, mainly disturbed cognition and perception, were pronounced and dose-dependent. Morphine 10 mg had an analgesic peak at 20 min and 5/8 patients had complete pain relief. The remaining 3 patients also had high baseline pain scores, indicating a higher analgesic potency for the 0.30 and 0.45 mg/ kg ketamine doses than for morphine 10 mg.
Conclusion : We have demonstrated a potent dose-dependent analgesic effect of racemic ketamine in clinical ischemic pain. Due to a narrow therapeutic window, this analgesic effect is probably best utilised in combination with other analgesics.