肺动态显像对瓣膜性心脏病合并肺动脉高压的临床价值

目的 探讨核素肺动态显像对瓣膜性心脏病(简称瓣膜病)合并肺动脉高压(PH)的临床价值。方法 瓣膜病患者140例手术前均行右心导管、肺动态显像、超声心动图检查。按平均肺动脉压力(MPAP)水平分为4组,MPAP<20 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)为正常组,20 mm Hg0.05),瓣膜病各组间及对照组与MPAP轻度升高组、中度升高组、重度升高组间差异有显著性(P均<0.001)。②肺动态显像测定的LET与右心导管所测MPAP相关系数r为0.88,超声心动图估测的肺动脉压力与肺动脉收缩压r为0.64。③瓣膜病各组LET与MPAP的符合率分别为71％、78％、81％、100％。④以MPAP≥20mm Hg为标准LET测定肺动脉压力的灵敏度为85％,特异性79％,准确性83％。结论 肺动态显像是一种有效估测瓣膜病合并PH     

动态肺灌注显像评价特发性肺动脉高压的临床研究

目的 探讨动态PPI用于IPAH的临床应用价值.方法 2009年7月至2010年12月间20例经右心导管及肺动脉造影检查确诊为IPAH的连续病例和10名健康对照者,接受动态PPI.以双肺为ROI,得到时间-放射性曲线,计算显像剂从进入肺内到肺内放射性分布达到平衡的肺平衡时间(LET).组间比较采用t检验,LET与右心导管测得的血流动力学参数进行Pearson相关分析.结果 IPAH患者LET平均为(33.9 ±15.5)s,而健康对照组仅为(14.4±3.7)s,IPAH患者LET明显延长(t=5.340,P＜0.001).LET与mPAP、全肺阻力(TPR)间具有直线相关性(分别为r=0.566,P＜0.01和r=0.688,P＜0.05),与CI呈直线负相关(r=-0.480,P＜0.05).结论 动态PPI对于无创性评估IPAH血流动力学变化程度及右心功能具有一定的应用价值.     

7.5%氯化钠快速注入抗出血性休克犬的效果

目的　观察 7 5 %氯化钠 (NaCl)快速注入抗出血性休克犬的作用。方法　取 5条杂种犬 ,失血至平均动脉压 (MAP) 5 33～6 70kPa,维持此血压 1h后 ,2min内静脉注入 7 5 %NaCl(4ml/kg) ,观察 4h。结果　注入期的血压明显低于休克期 (P <0 0 1)。观察期收缩压 (SP)、舒张压 (DP)、MAP均升高 ,最高可达基础血压水平的百分数分别为 6 4 %± 10 %、6 4 %± 18%及 6 4 %± 14 % ,均明显高于输液前血压 (P <0 0 1)。SP、DP及MAP分别在升高 2 5 0 0± 2 1 2 1、2 8 0 0± 19 5 6及 2 7 0 0± 19 87min后逐步下降。输液结束 3h后死亡 3只。观察期 1h有 1条犬的尿量未达标 ,2h有 4条犬未达标 ,3h有 3条犬的尿量为 0。结论　 7 5 %NaCl快速注入抗出血性休克犬的作用维持时间较短且疗效较差。     

CT灌注成像对脑膜瘤血流灌注的定量研究

目的　探讨CT灌注成像对脑膜瘤定量诊断的价值。方法　应用SomatomPlus 4螺旋CT扫描机 ,对 13例手术病理证实的脑膜瘤患者 (其中脑膜瘤复发 2例 )进行CT灌注成像扫描。经灌注软件处理 ,使用 2 5 6彩色直观地显示脑组织中血流灌注图 ,并计算出局部脑血流量 (rCBF)、局部脑血容量 (rCBV)、对比剂平均通过时间 (MTT) ,并与对侧脑组织灌注参数和肿瘤病理类型进行统计分析比较。结果　脑膜瘤的rCBV、rCBF值明显高于对侧脑组织 [rCBV分别为 (16 12 5± 12 135 )ml/ 10 0g与 (2 15 8± 1 345 )ml/ 10 0g ;rCBF分别为 (89 6 2 7± 6 3 193)ml-1·10 0g-1·min-1与 (2 5 5 99± 9 2 6 6 )ml-1·10 0g-1·min-1,P值均 <0 0 0 2 ]。脑膜瘤的MTT值也明显高于对侧脑组织 [分别为 (9 2 0 3±4 4 34)s与 (3 85 7± 2 2 90 )s,P值均 <0 0 0 1]。 7例不典型脑膜瘤的rCBV、rCBF和MTT值明显高于 4例典型脑膜瘤 [rCBV值分别为 (2 0 94 8± 9 4 2 4 )ml/ 10 0g与 (4 0 15± 2 4 5 4 )ml/ 10 0g ,P <0 0 1;rCBF值分别为 (115 76 6± 6 8 0 92 )ml-1·10 0g-1·min-1与 (32 113± 4 90 4 )ml-1·10 0g-1·min-1,P <0 0 5 ;MTT值分别为 (10 35 2± 3 74 4 )s与 (4 6 85± 0 912 )s,P <0 0 1]。 2例复发脑膜瘤     

~(125)I粒子近距离治疗前列腺癌临床应用

目的　探讨经会阴超声引导放射性1 2 5I粒子近距离治疗前列腺癌的近期疗效和并发症。方法　 32例前列腺癌患者实施经会阴超声引导放射性1 2 5I粒子植入术 ,11例单纯粒子治疗 ,6例术前或术后配合外放疗。 15例粒子植入术后加睾丸去势术。连续 3次前列腺特异抗原 (prostatespecificantigen ,PSA)升高即为生物化学失败。结果　 14例原发前列腺癌粒子植入治疗前和治疗后血清PSA分别为 (5 2 14± 5 4 6 1)ng ml和 (4 2 6± 7 11)ng ml,统计学处理差异有显著性 (t=3 2 5 3,P =0 0 0 3) ,生物化学控制率为 10 0 %。 12例去势术后复发患者1 2 5I粒子植入治疗前和治疗后PSA分别为 (15 14± 2 0 80 )ng ml和 (18 94± 35 2 5 )ng ml(t=- 0 30 7,P =0 76 4 ) ,统计学处理差异无显著性 ,生物化学控制率为 75 %。 5例骨转移患者术前和术后PSA分别为 (12 0 0 3± 14 5 96 )ng ml和(75 5 3± 84 84 )ng ml(t =0 5 2 7,P =0 6 2 1) ,统计学处理差异无显著性。1 2 5I粒子单纯植入治疗34 6 2 %患者无尿道副反应 ,Ⅰ～Ⅴ级尿道副反应发生率分别为 38 4 6 %、11 5 4 %、11 5 4 %、0和3 85 %。1 2 5I粒子植入联合外放疗组Ⅰ～Ⅳ级副反应发生率分别为 16 6 7%、0、0和 16 6 7%。Ⅰ级直肠副反应发生率为 3 12 %     

肺动态和常规肺灌注显像评估急性肺栓塞合并肺动脉高压及危险度分层

目的 应用肺动态灌注显像（DPPI）联合常规肺灌注显像（PPI）评价急性肺栓塞（APE）合并肺动脉高压（PH）患者危险度分层及预后.方法 20名（2007年10月至2009年2月）健康志愿者,男12名,女8名,年龄21～71（48.47±13.47）岁 31例（2007年10月至2009年7月）APE患者,男21例,女10例,年龄23～82（47.68±18.06）岁.所有受试者均行DPPI和PPI,对PPI图像进行半定量分析,计算全肺灌注缺损百分数（PPDs%）,按肺灌注缺损水平分组：PPDs%=0为正常组,0＜PPDs%≤10%为非常低危组,10%＜PPDs%≤20%为低危组,20%＜PPDs%≤40%为中危组,40%＜PPDs%≤60%为高危组,PPDs%＞60%为极高危组.通过勾画DPPI图像感兴趣区计算肺平衡时间（LET）.按Aujesky法对临床的危险度进行评分.用SPSS 13.0软件对所得结果进行t检验、单因素方差分析及相关性分析.结果 （1）健康组与APE组的LET分别为（12.18±3.28）和（35.78±12.59）s,差异有统计学意义（t=6.81,P＜0.01）.（2）31例APE患者LET与PPDs%相关系数（r）为0.93,决定系数（χ2）为0.87.LET与用Aujesky法进行的危险度评分呈正相关,r=0.86.（3）31例APE患者PPDs%正常、非常低危组（5例）、低危组（12例）、中危组（9例）、高危组（4例）和极高危组（1例）LET分别为（19.59±0.04）、（25.03±0.08）、（36.07±0.10）、（57.15±0.06）及（70±0.00）s,各组间进行单因素方差分析,F=16.78,P＜0.01,差异有统计学意义.结论 （1）DPPI是评价APE合并PH的可靠、简便、无创性方法.（2）DPPI方法测定LET联合PPI方法测定的PPDs%对APE患者的危险度分层及预后判断有重要价值.     

氧介入肺灌注显像评价小儿先天性心脏病肺动脉高压

笔者探讨了氧介入左、右侧卧位法肺灌注显像术前判断先天性心脏病 (简称先心病 )合并肺动脉高压 (ＰＨ)患儿肺血管病变程度的价值 ,现报道如下。一、资料与方法肺血增多型先心病患儿 2 4例 ,男 16例 ,女 8例 ,年龄 (7.6 9± 3.2 5 ,3～ 16 )岁 ,其中 2 0例伴ＰＨ ,14例于 1周内同时行右心导管 吸氧试验检查 (2例中度及12例重度ＰＨ)。根据超声所估测的肺动脉收缩压 (ｓＰＡＰ)分为 :无ＰＨ :ｓＰＡＰ <30ｍｍＨｇ(1ｍｍＨｇ =0 .133ｋＰａ) ;轻度ＰＨ :～ 39ｍｍＨｇ;中度ＰＨ :～ 6 9ｍｍＨｇ ;重度ＰＨ :≥ 70ｍｍＨｇ。行右心导管检查的…     

合并重度肺动脉高压的先天性心脏病围术期血流动力学与肺灌注显像对比研究

小儿先天性心脏病合并重度肺动脉高压(PH)患者手术指征的判断目前很大程度上依赖于有创的右心导管检查。对疑难病例,甚至要行创伤更大的肺活检,以明确是否具有手术指征,不易被患儿及家属接受。而放射性核素肺灌注显像(PPI)有无创、简便、安全、可重复性等优点,与右心导管资料有一定的相关性［1］。本研究将合并重度PH的先天性心脏病患儿术前PPI资料与围术期肺动脉压力、全肺阻力(TPR)等血流动力学参数对比分析,以便在术前评价中采用PPI取代或部分取代右心导管等有创检查,为手术适应证的选择提供重要依据。     

内源性CD在缺氧性肺动脉高压大鼠肺血管重构中的作用

应用逆转录聚合酶链或反应 (RT -PCR)、双浓长分光光度法、右心导管及维多利亚蓝染色方法 ,动态观察慢性缺氧不同时间点大鼠肺组织中诱导型血红素氧合酶 (HO -1 )基因表达 ,内源性CO生成、肺动脉压力及构型的变化 ,探讨内源性CO在大鼠缺氧性肺动脉高压肺血管重构中的作用。结果显示 :①正常大鼠肺组织可表达少量HO-1mRNA ,缺氧 5d、1 0d、1 5d大鼠肺组织HO -1mRNA含量分别增加 2 .3倍、3 .6倍、4.0倍 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,动脉血中COHb分别较正常大鼠增加 1 .9倍、2 .6倍和 2 .9倍 (P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 ) ,同时RVSP升高。光镜下可…     

用SPECT断层显像体积积分法测定甲状腺质量

目的　用SPECT断层显像体积积分法 (简称断层积分法 )测定甲状腺质量。方法　通过自编SPECT断层积分软件和γ显像平面法对自制 39例甲状腺模型、19例正常甲状腺和 74例甲状腺功能亢进 (简称甲亢 )患者的甲状腺质量进行测定。结果　断层积分法计算甲状腺模型质量的误差为 (- 0 4 6± 6 39) %～ (1 34± 4 6 3) % ,平面法误差为 (- 16 0 2± 6 0 1) %～ (2 2 90± 10 4 2 ) % ;用断层积分法和平面法计算 19例正常甲状腺及 74例甲亢患者甲状腺的质量分别为 (2 2 5 6± 5 78)g和(2 9 16± 6 4 1)g(P <0 0 0 1) ,(38 78± 8 6 5 )g和 (4 4 90± 10 5 7)g(P <0 0 0 1)。结论　用断层积分法能精确测定甲状腺质量 ,有利于1 31 I治疗甲亢个体剂量最优化。     

CT-determined pulmonary artery diameters in predicting pulmonary hypertension

This study was to determine if the diameters of pulmonary arteries measured from computed tomographic (CT) scans could be used 1) as indicators of pulmonary artery hypertension and 2) as a reliable base for calculating mean pulmonary artery pressure. The diameters of the main, left, proximal right, distal right, interlobar, and left descending pulmonary arteries were measured from CT scans in 32 patients with cardiopulmonary disease and in 26 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Diameters were measured using a special computer program that could display a CT density profile of the artery and its adjacent tissues. The upper limit of normal diameter for the main pulmonary artery was found to be 28.6 mm (mean + 2 SD). In the patient group, the diameters were correlated with data from cardiac catheterization. In these patients, a diameter of the main pulmonary artery above 28.6 mm readily predicted the presence of pulmonary hypertension. The calculated cross-sectional areas of the main and interlobar pulmonary arteries (normalized for body surface area [BAS]) were found to give the best estimates of mean pulmonary artery pressure (r = 0.89, P less than 0.001 and r = 0.66, P less than 0.001). Multiple regression analysis gave the useful equation: mean pulmonary artery pressure = -10.92 + 0.07646 X area of main pulmonary artery/BSA + 0.08084 X area of the right interlobar pulmonary artery/BSA (r = 0.93, P less than 0.0001). Because CT allows precise, noninvasive measurement of the diameter of pulmonary arteries, it can be of value in detecting pulmonary hypertension and estimating mean pulmonary artery pressure.     

MR imaging of pulmonary arterial hypertension and pulmonary emboli

Intraluminal signal in the pulmonary arteries on spin-echo, ECG-gated MR images is limited to the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle in normal subjects. Initial experience has indicated that signal persisting during systole may be characteristic of slow blood flow associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) or of thrombotic material secondary to pulmonary embolism. This study analyzes our cumulative experience (31 patients) with multiphasic, double spin-echo MR for assessing PAH and/or suspected pulmonary embolism. In PAH, the abnormal systolic signal showed an intensity increase from first to second echo. This pattern was observed in 92% of PAH patients, including 100% of patients with pulmonary systolic pressures greater than or equal to 80 mm Hg and 60% of patients with pressures less than 80 mm Hg. At any focus in the pulmonary arteries, such signal disappeared at some phase of the cardiac cycle. In patients with pulmonary embolism, signal from thrombus was fixed throughout the cardiac cycle and showed little or no increase in relative intensity change from first- to second-echo image. Using this guideline, MR made six confirmed positive and four confirmed negative diagnoses of proximal pulmonary embolism, while it failed to identify thrombus in the one patient with a peripheral pulmonary embolism. Intraluminal signal in the pulmonary arteries caused by PAH or pulmonary embolism can be differentiated in most instances using multiphasic, double spin-echo, ECG-gated MR. However, at its current stage of development, the procedure does not appear to be useful for the evaluation of peripheral pulmonary embolism.     

Radiologic detection of pulmonary artery hypertension

In 43 patients with obstructive and restrictive lung disease a catheterisation of the right heart with measurement of pulmonary artery pressure was performed. In a retrospective study several radiological parameters of pulmonary hypertension were evaluated on the chest radiographs of these patients. Considering those parameters on the p.a. and lateral chest radiograph, the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension in patients with elevated pulmonary artery pressure at rest can be made with great accuracy. When pulmonary artery pressure is elevated only during exercise, the accuracy of radiological diagnosis is much lower.     

Classification and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension

An increase in wedge pressure distinguishes right heart strain due to pulmonary congestion from cor pulmonale with normal pulmonary capillary pressure. Pulmonary hypertension might be due to exogenous hypoxia, obstructive sleep apnea, acute and chronic airway obstruction, diseases of the lung parenchyma, and vascular bed impairment of the thoracopulmonary mechanics, including neurogenic and muscular disorders, cardiac insufficiency of the left heart, and valvular diseases.