深圳市龙岗区甲型H1N1流感疫情分析

目的了解甲型H1N1流感的流行病学特征。方法对2009年5月1日至2010年4月30日中国疾病监测信息报告管理系统和深圳市疾病控制信息管理系统所报告的深圳市龙岗区甲型H1N1流感病例和暴发疫情数据进行汇总分析。结果 2009年5月1日至2010年4月30日,深圳市龙岗区累计报告甲型H1N1流感确诊病例458例,年报告发病率为10.59/10万,其中重症及危重症病例57例（包括死亡3例）,病死率为0.66%;男女发病比例为1.35∶1,病例主要集中在4～14岁（264例,占57.64%）,学生为高发人群（243例,占53.06%）,2009年9—12月为高发季节（412例,占89.96%）。自2009年8月至2010年4月,累计报告63起甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情,其中学校及幼托机构58起（92.06%）,暴发高峰为9—11月（54起,占85.71%）;共报告流感样病例820例,甲型H1N1流感确诊病例163例（学校145例,88.96%）。自2009年8月13日开始进行甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸检测,阳性检出率为36.11%（230/637）。2009年9月至2010年1月甲型H1N1流感病毒为流感检测的优势病毒株。结论中小学生为甲型H1N1流感的高危人群,及时的疫苗接种和学校暴发疫情的规范处置是有效预防和控制甲型H1N1流感扩散与蔓延的关键措施。     

甲型H1N1流感防控措施

1 甲型H1N1流感流行简介 2009年新型甲型H1N1流感大流行首现墨西哥和美国。至今已知的最早确诊病例于2009年3月10日发生在墨西哥,美国最早的确诊病例于3月28日在加州发现。4月24日,世界卫生组织（WHO）将美国和墨西哥确诊新型流感病例的报告作为可能构成国际关注的突发公共卫生事件向成员国通报。     

甲型H1N1流感疫情进展与应对策略综述

2009年4月25日,世界卫生组织（WHO）首次发布了墨西哥与美国发生甲型H1N1流感（曾称“人感染猪流感”）疫情的报告,并宣布人感染甲型H1N1流感疫情是“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”,随后在3天内两次提高流感大流行的警告级别,从第3级提升到第5级。6月11日,基于可获得的证据和专家评估结果,WHO总干事陈冯富珍决定将流感大流行警告级别从5级提升至6级,并宣称全球已处于2009年流感大流行的初期^[1]。针对疫情,国际组织、相关国家和地区纷纷采取了相应的防控策略和措施。     

某工商大学6例甲型H1N1流感病例临床特征及治疗情况

自2009年3月墨西哥、美国爆发甲型H1N1流感后,疫情迅速在全球较大范围内传播.世界卫生组织已于2009年6月11日将此次流感大流行级别提高到6级.我国自2009年4月30日起已将甲型H1N1流感纳入乙类传染病,并采取甲类传染病的预防控制措施.某工商大学校医院自9月17日-10月8日共收治发热病人多例,其中6例确诊为甲型H1N1流感病例,经综合对症支持治疗后均痊愈出院.现将其临床特征及治疗情况报道如下.     

南昌市西湖区2009年一起甲型H1N1流感疫情调查分析

自2009年4月25日,世界卫生组织（WHO）通报墨西哥甲型H1N1流感疫情后,甲型H1N1流感传播迅速,引起世界范围的流感大流行,其显著的特征之一是年轻人群死亡率高。WHO于北京时间6月12日凌晨将甲型H1N1流感警戒级别提升至最高级别6级。     

北京市甲型H1N1流感病例的流行病学分析

目的总结北京甲型H1N1流感病例的流行病学特征并分析疫情特点,从而为策略的调整提供参考。方法对北京市4月以来的经机场检验检疫、医院排查和筛查、健康监测发现的流感样症状的患者进行流行病学调查和咽拭子采样。根据甲型H1N1流感诊疗方案（2009年试行版第2版）进行诊断。对确诊病例的流行病学特征进行描述和分析。结果（1）自5月16日北京报告第一例甲型H1N1流感病例以来,截至8月16日,共确诊病例671名;（2）30岁以下的病例占总数的80．9％;（3）输人性病例占66．5％,但本地病例的比例在增加;（4）聚集性发病人数占总数的60．7％,并在不断增加。结论北京甲型H1N1流感的防控形势日益严峻,后期应重点加强对聚集性病例的发现和管理,为秋冬季的大规模流行做好准备。     

浙江省象山半岛甲型H1N1流感流行病学分析

甲型H1N1流感是一种新型呼吸道传染病,传播力强,涉及面广,2009年6月11日,WHO宣布将甲型H1N1流感大流行警告级别提升为6级,全球进入流感大流行阶段。浙江省象山县在2009年9月8日确诊首例甲型H1N1流感病例后,截止2010年7月30日,累计报告甲型H1N1流感确诊病例184例,为全面了解甲型H1N1流感的流行规律,为传染病防控提供科学依据,现将结果报告如下。     

甲型H1N1流感疫情进展与应对策略综述

2009年4月25日,世界卫生组织（WHO）首次发布了墨西哥与美国发生甲型H1N1流感（曾称“人感染猪流感”）疫情的报告,并宣布人感染甲型H1N1流感疫情是“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”,随后在3天内两次提高流感大流行的警告级别,从第3级提升到第5级。6月11日,基于可获得的证据和专家评估结果,WHO总干事陈冯富珍决定将流感大流行警告级别从5级提升至6级,并宣称全球已处于2009年流感大流行的初期。针对疫情,国际组织、相关国家和地区纷纷采取了相应的防控策略和措施。     

461例甲型H1N1流感病例流行病学特征分析及防控措施评价

2009年3月以来,墨西哥等国家发生甲型H1N1流感（原称为猪流感）,作为一种新型流感病毒引起的呼吸道传染病,疫情迅速蔓延,6月11日,WHO宣布将甲型H1N1流感大流行警告级别提升为6级,全球进入流感大流行阶段。4月30日,我国政府将甲型H1N1流感纳入法定乙类传染病管理。     

甲型H1N1流感大流行期间广州市居民流感样疾病发病情况及就诊行为电话调查

目的快速评估2009年10月1日至12月31日广州市居民流感样病例与普通感冒病例的发病、就诊的情况。方法采用计算机辅助电话调查系统（CATI）及统一调查表,对广州市居民在2009年10月1日至12月31日期间流感样疾病的发病、诊疗情况进行调查,用描述性流行病学方法对数据进行分析。结果该次调查共计拨出电话6 325个,拨通有效电话1 030个,成功调查505户居民（共调查1 197人）,成功应答率为49.03%。流感样病例、普通感冒病例的罹患率分别为6.02%（72/1 197）和8.77%（105/1 197）,高发人群均为低年龄组,尤其是10岁以下人群（流感样病例、普通感冒病例的罹患率分别为20.99%和9.88%）;流感样病例男女性罹患率分别是6.19%（37/598）和5.84%（35/599）;11月份流感样病例罹患率（2.92%）高于10、12月（分别为1.84%、1.25%）（P〈0.05）。采用直接标化法估计2009年第4季度广州市居民流感样病例发病率为7.37%（733 194/9 942 022）。流感样病例和普通感冒病例选择到省、市级医院就诊的比例最高,分别为41.67%和46.67%。结论 2009年第4季度广州市居民流感样疾病罹患率高于往年同期水平,低年龄组尤其是10岁以下人群是流感样疾病的高发人群,应加强对这部分人群呼吸道传染病的预防。     

H1N1 vaccination

Early results (January to April) from the 2010 Canadian Community Health Survey show that an estimated 41% of Canadians (excluding those in the territories) aged 12 or older had been vaccinated for H1N1 by April 2010. The percentages were higher in the Atlantic provinces, Quebec and Saskatchewan than in Canada overall. Relatively high percentages of females and people aged 45 or older were vaccinated; the percentage of immigrants who had done so was relatively low. Being in a priority group (health-care worker, having children younger than 5 in the household, or having a chronic condition that could increase the risk for complications from H1N1) increased the likelihood of vaccination. A history of seasonal flu vaccination and having a regular doctor were also associated with H1N1 vaccination. Nearly three-quarters of those who had not been vaccinated reported that they did not think it was necessary.     

被动吸烟与cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性对乳腺癌发病的影响

目的 探讨被动吸烟、cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性及其联合作用对乳腺癌发病的影响。方法 2014 - 2015年间,采用病例-对照研究方法,收集病例794例,对照805例。问卷调查收集研究对象信息。采用飞行质谱技术,进行cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因单核苷酸多态性分型检测。采用多因素非条件 logistic 回归,分析环境烟草烟雾暴露及cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性与乳腺癌发病风险的关系。结果 调整年龄、教育程度、家庭年总收入、职业、婚姻状况后,环境烟草烟雾暴露与gstp1基因多态性未发现协同作用。以环境烟草烟雾低暴露且携带 cyp1b1 rs1056836 C等位基因为参照,环境烟草烟雾高暴露且携带 GG 基因在绝经前女性中乳腺癌风险明显增高（OR = 1.678,95%CI:1.039～2.711）。以环境烟草烟雾组合低暴露且携带sult1a1 rs9282861GG基因型为参照,环境烟草烟雾高暴露且携带A等位基因绝经前乳腺癌风险明显增高（OR = 2.389,95%CI:1.157～4.931）,但交互作用系数无统计学意义。结论 环境烟草烟雾高暴露与cyp1b1 及sult1a1基因对乳腺癌发病风险可能存在协同作用,但尚扩大样本进行验证。     

Echo-AM1-1 encephaloscope]

A new miniature model of the A-mode ultrasonic echoencephaloscope, 0.88 MHz, has been developed and adopted to practical use in neurology. The device contains a detector for amplitude determination of echopulsation and curve (echopulsograms) recording. It is highly sensitive, cost-effective, which enhances the quality of rapid diagnosis of central nervous diseases, including those of vascular genesis, in in- and outpatient settings.     

接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后患甲型H1N1流感分析

目的 分析接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后发生甲型H1N1流感感染的病例,探讨发病原因,为进一步提高疫苗预防效果提供参考依据.方法 对接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后发生甲型H1N1流感感染148例,进行回顾性调查分析.结果 接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗11176例.发生甲型H1N1感染148例,感染率1.32%,其中1～14 d感染81例,感染率0.72%,＞15 d感染67例,感染率0.60%.结论 甲型H1N1流感病毒裂解疫苗是一种安全高效的疫苗,不足之处尚待进一步探讨、完善.     

NF1 gene and neurofibromatosis 1

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), also known as von Recklinghausen disease, is an autosomal dominant condition caused by mutations of the NF1 gene, which is located at chromosome 17q11.2. NF1 is believed to be completely penetrant, but substantial variability in expression of features occurs. Diagnosis of NF1 is based on established clinical criteria. The presentation of many of the clinical features is age dependent. The average life expectancy of patients with NF1 is probably reduced by 10-15 years, and malignancy is the most common cause of death. The prevalence of clinically diagnosed NF1 ranges from 1/2,000 to 1/5,000 in most population-based studies. A wide variety of NF1 mutations has been found in patients with NF1, but no frequently recurring mutation has been identified. Most studies have not found an obvious relation between particular NF1 mutations and the resulting clinical manifestations. The variability of the NF1 phenotype, even in individuals with the same NF1 gene mutation, suggests that other factors are involved in determining the clinical manifestations, but the nature of these factors has not yet been determined. Laboratory testing for NF1 mutations is difficult. A protein truncation test is commercially available, but its sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value have not been established. No general, population-based molecular studies of NF1 mutations have been performed. At this time, it appears that the benefits of population-based screening for clinical features of NF1 would not outweigh the costs of screening.     

GSTM1及GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态性对尿中1-羟基芘水平的影响

目的 研究GSTM1、GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态性对多环芳烃接触工人尿中1-羟基芘(1-OHP)水平的影响.方法 分别选取2个炼焦厂共447名多环芳烃职业接触工人(接触组)和某线材厂220名非职业接触工人(对照组)作为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱法测定尿中1-OHP水平,采用线性回归统计模型分析GSTM1和GSTT1缺失型及GSTP1 I105V位点的多态性对不同人群尿中1-OHP水平的修饰作用.结果 接触组工人尿中1-OHP浓度为4.61 μmol/mol Cr,明显高于对照组(0.34μmol/mol Cr),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).接触类别和吸烟分别是影响尿中1-OHP水平的主要因素,在控制各混杂因素的影响后,线性回归分析显示,接触组尿中1-OHP水平和GSTP1 I105V位点多态性有关(单基因分析,P=0.012;多基因分析,P=0.011),对总体样本,单基因模型和多基因模型均显示,尿中1-OHP水平可能和GSTT1缺失型多态有关(P=0.055),多基因交互作用分析显示,GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态对接触组尿中1-OHP水平具有交互作用.结论 谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GSTs)基因的多态性对接触多环芳烃工人尿中1-OHP水平有影响.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the modification of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) excretions in workers under different exposure levels. Methods Four hundred and forty-seven occupationally exposed workers from two coking plants and 220 control workers from a wire rod plant were genotyped to analyze the modification of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-OHP excretions. Results The urinary 1-OHP concentration in exposed group was much higher than that in control group (4.61 vs 0.34 μmol/mol Cr, P＜0.05). Occupational exposure levels and cigarette smoking were of the dominating factors affecting 1-OHP excretions in urine. After controlling potential confounders, decreased excretion of urinary 1-OHP was associated with GSTP1 I105V AG + GG genotype in coke oven workers (single-gene model, P=0.012; multi-gene model, P=0.011 ) and with GSTT1 null type in the analysis including all subjects (P=0.055 in both single-gene and multi-gene models). GSTT1 and GSTP1 were interacted on the urinary concentrations of 1-OHP. Conclusion Urinary 1-OHP concentrations can be modified by GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms, indicating that these genes are involved in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.     

Protective efficacy of an inactivated Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza vaccine against homologous H1N1 and heterologous H1N1 and H1N2 viruses in mice

Eurasian avian-like H1N1 (EA H1N1) swine influenza viruses are prevalent in pigs in Europe and Asia, but occasionally cause human infection, which raises concern about their pandemic potential. Here, we produced a whole-virus inactivated vaccine with an EA H1N1 strain (A/swine/Guangxi/18/2011, SW/GX/18/11) and evaluated its efficacy against homologous H1N1 and heterologous H1N1 and H1N2 influenza viruses in mice. A strong humoral immune response, which we measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and virus neutralization (VN), was induced in the vaccine-inoculated mice upon challenge. The inactivated SW/GX/18/11 vaccine provided complete protection against challenge with homologous SW/GX/18/11 virus in mice and provided effective protection against challenge with heterologous H1N1 and H1N2 viruses with distinctive genomic combinations. Our findings suggest that this EA H1N1 vaccine can provide protection against both homologous H1N1 and heterologous H1N1 or H1N2 virus infection. As such, it is an excellent vaccine candidate to prevent H1N1 swine influenza.