CT游离气体征在早期胃肠穿孔中的诊断价值

目的探讨CT扫描在胃肠穿孔诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析14例成人胃肠穿孔的CT表现。结果14例中，胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔5例，外伤性十二指肠、空肠、回肠及乙状结肠穿孔5例，肠缺血坏死致回肠、结肠穿孔3例，直肠肿瘤梗阻致乙状结肠穿孔1例。CT表现剑突下隐窝积气12例，肝下肝圆韧带间隙积气6例，腹膜后间隙积气4例及腹腔积液3例。结论CT较立位腹平片能更早更准确地判断腹腔游离气体的有无、多少，并能为胃肠穿孔部位的初步诊断提供更多有价值的信息。     

非创伤性消化道穿孔的CT征象及其诊断价值

目的:探讨16排螺旋CT对非创伤性消化道穿孔的可靠CT征象及其诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析68例经手术证实的非创伤性胃肠穿孔患者的CT图像,其中胃十二指肠穿孔46例,其他位置的穿孔22例。统计分析穿孔的CT征象并估算其灵敏性、特异性和似然比。结果:胃肠穿孔患者中,45例是消化性溃疡引起,1例是胃癌引起。穿孔的最常见CT征象是肠外气体(96%),其次是滞留在胃肠壁的液体或脂肪(89%)、腹水(89%)、壁缺损和/或溃疡(83%)、壁增厚(72%)。CT征象中,壁缺损和/或壁溃疡的似然比占最大(36.8),其次为壁增厚(10.5)。这些CT征象对于穿孔部位的定位诊断,灵敏性为95%,特异性为93%。结论:16排螺旋CT有助于胃十二指肠穿孔的定性和定位诊断。缺损、溃疡、胃肠壁增厚等CT征象对穿孔部位的定位具有更高的阳性预测值。     

CT在消化道穿孔早期诊断中的价值

目的：探讨CT在消化道穿孔早期诊断中的价值。方法：回顾分析经手术证实的27例消化道穿孔患者的CT表现。结果：穿孔部位包括胃、十二指肠穿孔17例,空、回肠穿孔7例,结肠穿孔3例。穿孔原因包括消化性溃疡16例,肿瘤2例,非特异性炎性反应（溃疡型结肠炎、克罗恩病）4例,肠伤寒1例,肠系膜扭转2例,外伤2例。手术前CT正确定位24例,正确率为88.9%。CT表现为腹腔内游离气体、腹腔积液、肠壁增厚及穿孔局部周围脂肪间隙模糊。结论：CT对早期诊断消化道穿孔有重要价值。     

胃十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔56例手术治疗分析

目的 探讨胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔的病因及手术治疗效果。方法 对56例胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 胃溃疡穿孔13例(均为近胃小弯侧穿孔)，十二指肠球部穿孔42例(前壁34例，侧壁8例)，胃癌穿孔1例。36例行穿孔修补术，19例行胃大部切除结肠前胃空肠吻合术，1例行胃癌根治术。结论及时诊断胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔是关键，手术仍是治疗胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔的有效方法。     

CT在胃、十二指肠溃疡穿孔早期诊断的征象及临床价值

目的:阐述胃、十二指肠溃疡穿孔患者通过CT早期诊断的方法及影像表现.方法:此次研究时间自2017年7月1日开始,至2019年6月30日结束,研究对象选择于我院接受诊治的胃、十二指肠溃疡穿孔患者36例,均于术前接受CT早期诊断,与术后病理结果对比,计算CT诊断准确率,同时对患者征象进行分析探究.结果:此次36例经术后病理确诊的胃、十二指肠溃疡穿孔患者CT诊断符合率为100.00%,其中30例患者穿孔位于十二指肠球处,2例患者穿孔位于十二指肠降段,1例患者穿孔位于胃部.所有患者腹腔内均存在游离气体影,18例气体影位于剑突下隐窝处,14例气体影位于肝门肝圆韧带间隙处,2例气体影位于腹膜后.结论:胃、十二指肠溃疡穿孔患者早期以CT诊断准确性高,可通过游离气体对病情进行判断,从而为临床疾病诊断提供参考.     

CT在胃十二指肠穿孔诊断中的价值探讨

近年来，随着胃、十二指肠溃疡穿孔保守治疗成功率的提高，对早期胃、十二指肠穿孔诊断提出了更高的要求。根据典型病史、症状及体征特点，诊断一般不难，X线腹部平片检查有膈下游离气体时则可确诊，但有20％-30％溃疡穿孔病人发现不了膈下游离气体。作者发现CT对腹腔内游离气体有更高的发现率。本文对2003年1个月至2006年6月在本院治疗并同时行X线腹部平片及CT检查的45例胃、十二指肠穿孔患者资料，作一回顾性分析。     

MSCT在空腔脏器穿孔定位中的价值

目的 探讨MSCT在空腔脏器穿孔定位诊断中的价值.方法　回顾性分析17例空腔脏器穿孔患者的临床资料.结果 17例患者中,胃、十二指肠穿孔11例,空、回肠穿孔2例,结肠穿孔3例,子宫穿孔1例.CT表现为腹腔内游离气体、腹腔积液、穿孔部位周围脂肪间隙模糊及原发病变的征象.结论 MSCT扫描对确定空腔脏器穿孔、判断穿孔部位有重要的临床价值.     

螺旋CT在早期胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔中的诊断价值

目的：探讨螺旋CT扫描在早期消化性胃十二指溃疡穿孔中的诊断价值。材料与方法：回顾性分析经手术证实有完整临床资料的12例成年人胃十二指消化性溃疡穿孔的螺旋CT表现。结果：12例中男性11例,女性1例,其中胃溃疡穿孔2例,十二指肠球部溃疡穿孔10例。螺旋CT表现剑突下隐窝积气8例,肝圆韧带间隙积气7例,腹膜后间隙积气2例,腹腔积液5例及单侧或双侧胸腔积液8例。结论：螺旋CT较X线平片能更早更准确地判断胃十二指消化性溃疡穿孔的有无,并能为其鉴别诊断提供更多有价值的信息。     

无气腹胃肠道后壁穿孔的X线诊断与探讨

目的：探讨X线在无气腹胃、十二指肠穿孔诊断中的价值。方法：回顾性分析12例成人胃、十二指肠球后壁穿孔的x线表现。结果：X线表现网膜囊上隐窝充气8例,腹膜后间隙充气3例,无明显充气,但局部显示高密度影1例。经手术证实,12例中胃后壁溃疡穿孔4例,十二指肠球后壁溃疡穿孔6例,胃癌致胃后壁穿孔1例,吞服金属异物致十二指肠球后壁穿孔1例。结论：X线可为无明显气腹可见的胃、十二指肠球后壁穿孔的初步诊断提供有价值的信息。     

腹腔镜下修补急性胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔的治疗体会

目的总结腹腔镜下急性胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术的临床经验。方法回顾分析72例胃十二脂肠溃疡穿孔修补术中应用腹腔镜的临床资料,72例胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔中,十二指肠球部溃疡穿孔50例,胃幽门管穿孔8例,胃窦部前壁穿孔9例,胃体部小弯侧穿孔5例。病理检查18例中良性穿孔16例,癌性穿孔2例。结果72例中70例获成功,2例癌性溃疡中转开腹,无手术并发症发生,无死亡病例。良性溃疡患者术后平均8d出院,出院后均继续服用抗溃疡抗菌药物。结论腹腔镜胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术治疗急性胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔具有独特的优势,效果肯定,安全可靠,具有良好的临床应用价值。     

Acute gastroduodenal peptic ulcer perforation: contrast-enhanced and thin-section spiral CT findings in 10 patients

Background: To describe contrast-enhanced and thin-section spiral computed tomography (SCT) findings in patients with acute gastroduodenal peptic ulcer perforation (GPUP). Methods: Abdominal SCTs in 10 patients with confirmed acute perforated gastroduodenal (GD) peptic ulcer were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were 24–76 years old (mean = 44 years); seven were men and three were women. Diagnosis of GD peptic ulcer was done by endoscopy or surgery. Eleven ulcers were identified, two in the antrum and nine in the duodenum. SCTs were obtained after intravenous contrast medium without oral administration. Slice thickness was 3 or 5 mm. CT findings were correlated with surgical (n= 5) or endoscopic (n= 5) findings. Results: Eight patients had pneumoperitoneum. All patients had evidence of GD wall thickening and enhancement and inflammatory changes in perigastroduodenal soft tissues or organs. Discontinuity in the GD wall and/or tiny air bubbles in close proximity indicated the site of perforation in eight cases. Conclusions: Abdominal SCT enables diagnosis and location of GPUP. A well-controlled prospective study with a larger group is needed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of this technique. Received: 8 June 1998/Accepted: 29 July 1998     

急性上消化道穿孔的螺旋CT诊断

目的 探讨螺旋CT对急性上消化道穿孔的诊断价值。方法 对49例经手术证实的急性上消化道穿孔患者的 CT 影像资料进行回顾性分析。结果 49例患者中,十二指肠溃疡穿孔33例（67.35%）;胃溃疡穿孔16例（32.65%）,其中胃窦前壁穿孔9例（56.25%）,胃小弯前壁穿孔7例（43.75%）。腹腔游离气体49例（100.00%）,腹腔积液46例（93.88%）,胃肠道壁不规则增厚或周围脂肪层模糊23例（46.94%）。结论 通过螺旋CT诊断上消化道穿孔的患者,可以明确患者穿孔的病灶,能弥补X线平片的不足,为临床外科急腹症提供快速而可靠的诊断依据。     

老年人胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔的临床特点及外科治疗

目的探讨老年人胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔的临床特点与外科治疗。方法对56例老年人消化性溃疡穿孔患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果56例中胃溃疡穿孔38例,十二指肠球部溃疡穿孔18例;56例均行手术治疗,其中毕Ⅱ式胃大部分切除术34例,毕I式3例,单纯修补16例,胃癌根治术（D2式）3例。56例中治愈或好转54例,死亡2例。结论老年人消化性溃疡穿孔具有临床表现不典型、溃疡病史长与穿孔较大、并存疾病多的特点;外科治疗应视患者具体情况和病情选择适宜的术式,重视围术期的处理,是提高老年人胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔治愈率的关键。     

上消化道溃疡穿孔的超声表现及其定位诊断价值

目的探讨上消化道溃疡穿孔的声像图表现及超声定位诊断的价值。方法回顾性分析31例经手术证实的上消化道溃疡穿孔患者的声像图资料。结果手术证实超声定位的31例上消化道溃疡穿孔部位全部符合。直接声像表现为局部胃窦或十二指肠球部壁全层中断,胃肠腔内外回声贯通,可见"漏斗征"、"通道征"声像图。间接声像表现有膈下游离气体、腹腔积液,穿孔断端向内塌陷,肝下间隙大网膜增厚包裹等。结论上消化道溃疡穿孔具有特征性声像图表现,超声弥补了X线检查无法定位的缺陷,对临床的诊断治疗具有重要意义。     

胃十二指肠疾病与幽门螺杆菌感染关系的研究

目的 :探讨胃十二指肠疾病与幽门螺杆菌感染的关系。方法 :对 5 73例患有不同胃十二指肠疾病的患者施行胃镜检查及胃粘膜碱性粉红试验。结果 :5 73例胃十二指肠不同疾病幽门螺杆菌检出率各异 ,其中消化性溃疡阳性率高。结论 :Hp是慢性胃炎、尤其是慢性活动性胃炎、消化性溃疡的重要致病原因之一 ,还可能是胃癌的协同致癌原     

Treatment of peptic ulcer related to rheumatic diseases

Rheumatic diseases often have gastrointestinal(GI) manifestations, and may present as GI bleeding and perforation due to peptic ulcer associated with high mortality. Major causes of peptic ulcer related to rheumatic diseases are drugs such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug(NSAID) and corticosteroid, and vasculitis. The analgesic effects of NSAID often mask abdominal pain until they cause GI bleeding and perforation. Therefore, it is important to make early diagnosis of peptic ulcer with upper gastrointestinal endoscope. Fundamental treatment of NSAID induced peptic ulcer is to quit it, however it is difficult because of activity of rheumatic diseases. Also, most NSAID induced peptic ulcers heal by administration of proton pump inhibitor or misoprostol. Corticosteroid pulse therapy or administration of immunosuppressant agents is effective for vasculitis induced peptic ulcer, however it is difficult to make diagnosis of it. Development of NSAID with less side effects such as cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors and establishment of diagnosis and treatment of peptic ulcer related to rheumatic diseases are expected.     

胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔手术治疗的术式选择

目的:观察穿孔修补,术后抗菌、抑酸和保护胃肠黏膜等综合治疗胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔的临床疗效,重新评价胃大部切除术在胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔中的临床应用。方法:选择61例胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔且溃疡直径<2cm的患者行单纯修补术,术后胃肠减压、输液,并应用抗生素和抑酸剂。出院后给予抑酸剂、抗幽门螺杆菌药物和黏膜保护药物治疗,并随访其康复情况。结果:本组61例患者均顺利出院,服药痊愈后随访2~5年,胃十二指肠黏膜幽门螺杆菌检测均为阴性,无复发病例。结论:胃大部切除术在胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔中的临床应用应重新评价。术中穿孔修补,术后抗菌、抑酸和保护胃肠黏膜等应成为首选的治疗方案。     

非甾体类抗炎药物与消化性溃疡出血

目的：探讨非甾体类抗炎药物（NSAIDs）诱发消化性溃疡（peptic ulcer,PU）出血的临床流行病学特点。方法：调查我院1996年1月～2006年1月间因PU并出血收住院治疗患者的临床资料,根据入院前1周内有无服用NSAIDs史将患者分为2组,对2组病人的临床资料进行分析比较。结果：本研究共纳入1012例患者,其中服药组386例,未服药组626例。2组病人在性别、出血方式、既往PU史、胃及十二指肠溃疡的具体部位、糜烂,以及是否需要内镜治疗等方面的差异无显著性。但是服药组患者的年龄较未服药组更高;胃溃疡和复合溃疡、多发溃疡在服药组更多见（P〈0.05）。结论：应加强对NSAIDs相关性PU并出血临床特点的认识,尽量减少NSAIDs的不良反应。     

Dysbacteriosis of mucosal microflora of the gastroduodenal zone in inflammatory and ulcer lesions: diagnosis and classification

AIM: To study mucous (parietal) gastroduodenal microflora in healthy persons, patients with ulcer and chronic gastritis, to develop diagnostic criteria and classification of gastroduodenal dysbacteriosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Biopsy specimens were obtained from gastroduodenal mucosa of 134 patients with ulcer, 36--with chronic gastritis and 28 healthy subjects. The mucous microflora agents were isolated microbiologically from biopsy specimens obtained from different compartments of the stomach and duodenum. The spectrum of their enzymatic activity and cytotoxic properties were determined. RESULTS: Gastroduodenal mucous microflora of healthy subjects was represented with 1-2, less often with 3-4 cultures of 12 species, enzymatic activity spectrum of microorganisms was small, cytotoxicity was absent. In ulcer recurrence and exacerbation of chronic gastritis gastroduodenal zone showed dysbacteriosis characterized by overgrowth of mucous microflora (up to 22 species of microorganisms) with a wide spectrum of enzymatic activity and cytotoxic properties. The criteria of dysbacteriosis diagnosis and classification are proposed. CONCLUSION: The role of gastroduodenal mucous microflora in ulcer and gastritis course is specified. New approaches to effective treatment of gastroduodenal diseases may be developed with consideration of dysbacteriosis.