����������ЧҺ��ɫ��-����������-���糡�����߷ֱ����׼����о������Ʒ�еĵ�����

??OBJECTIVE To proteins in toad venom. To investigate the by proteomic approach. METHODS The total proteins from the ear-side gland of toad were digested by trypsin, and the peptides were further analyzed by the NanoLC-linear trap quadropole (LTQ)-Orbitrap Velos Pro.. The raw data acquired by mass spectrometer were imported into MaxQuant software for the identification of peptides and proteins. The proteins were categorized based on gene ontology annotation in biological process, cellular component and molecular function. RESULTS A total of 407 protein groups and 880 peptides were identified. There were 76 pathways associated with the identified proteins in toad venom, including the 5-HT receptor mediated signaling pathway, beta adrenergic receptor signaling pathway, blood coagulation, cadherin signaling pathway, cholesterol biosynthesis, etc.. CONCLUSION This study lays the foundation for further exploration of the proteins in toad venom and their functions.     

���߿����������������Ʊ��������⾭Ƥ��͸�о�

??OBJECTIVE To prepare ropivacaine ethosomal gel and study its transdermal permeation. METHODS The ropivacaine ethosomes were prepared by ethanol injection method. The formulation and the preparation method of ethosomes were optimized by orthogonal experiment. The particle size, morphology and encapsulation efficiency were evaluated,and the carbomer was added as the base for the preparation of the ethosomal gel. The penetration experiments of ropivacaine ethosomal gel through mouse skin were performed by Franz's cell. The cumulative penetration amount was calculated. RESULTS The obtained ethosomes were approximately spherical, the size were (127.6??4.8) nm. The entrapment efficiency of ropivacaine in ethosomes was (77.58??1.07)%. Accumulative permeation amount of ropivacaine ethosomal gel within 24 h was 73.07 ??g??cm^-2, which was about 1.56 times of normal gel. CONCLUSION The gel is feasible in preparation technique, controllable in quality and can significantly promote transdermal penetration of ropivacaine.     

����͡���Ϸ�����श�MGC803ϸ����ֳ������Ӱ����о�

??OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of combination treatment with L-carnitine and 5-fluorouracil on the proliferation and cell apoptosis of gastric cancer MGC803 cells. METHODS MGC803 cells were divided into control group, 5-fluorouracil group and the combination of L-carnitine and 5-fluorouracil group (L-carnitine+/??5-fluorouracil group) in vitro. The inhibitory rate of cells was measured by MTT assay. The apoptosis rate and cell cycle of cells were detected by FLOW. Western blot was used to analyzed the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, adenine nucleotide translocator1(ANT1) and cleaved-PARP. RESULTS Compared with 5-fluorouracil group, the inhibition rate of MGC803 cells was increased when cells were treated with the combination of L-carnitine and 5-fluorouracil. The apoptosis rate of cells was raised and the cells were blocked at S phase. In addition, the combination group can decrease the expression of Bcl-2 and increase the expression of Bax, ANT1 and cleaved-PARP. At the same time, the apoptosis rate of cells and the cell cycle were different with the different dosage regimen when treated with the combination. Compared with the L-carnitine+5-fluorouracil group, the apoptosis rate of cells was increased to (24.17??3.12)% from (19.60??1.06)% (P<0.05). The G₀/G₁ phase proportion of cells was decreased to (62.62??1.04)% from (72.95??0.91)%,and the S phase proportion of cells was increased to (37.35??1.03)% from (27.05??0.91)% (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Treatment with L-carnitine and 5-fluorouracil could enhance the inhibitory effect of 5-fluorouracil on MGC803 cells. The possible mechanism of action is achieved by regulating the expression of Bcl-2 protein family and influencing the cell cycle.     

�й�ʳҩ��ϵͳʳƷҩƷ��ȫӦ����������ѵ��Ŀ����̽��

??OBJECTIVE The emergency practice and training program of food and drug safety in China's food and drug administration system is studied. METHODS The relevant situation of food and drug safety emergency drills and training in European Union and the emergency drills and training of food and drug in our country are learned. RESULTS The food and drug emergency drills and training programs in our country is explored and prospected, and the related thinking and enlightenment is put forward. CONCLUSION The food and drug safety emergency drills and training, innovation the exercise form and the content of the exercise should be vigorously strengthened, a hierarchical field emergency drill mechanism, prominent combat emergency drills will be established, and pay attention to emergency response drill assessment.     

�ʲ���ע��Һ�Ʊ������о�

??OBJECTIVE To optimize the preparation process of liquiritigenin injection. METHODS Single factor experiment was carried out to determine the solvents, dosage of adjuvants, pH of solution, pyrogen removal method and sterilization process. RESULTS The optimal conditions were determined as follows: liquiritigenin was dissolved in 40% propylene glycol solution at pH 4.0-6.0. Ultrafiltration was employed to remove bacterial endotoxin. The solution was sterilized at 121 ??(97 kPa) for 15 min. CONCLUSION The established preparation process of liquiritigenin injection is reasonable and suitable for industrialized production.     

2009~2015�걱���а�ɳ���������ز�����Ӧ�������

??OBJECTIVE To provide clinical reference for rational drug use by retrospectively reviewing oxaliplatin induced serious adverse reaction reports in Beijing area in recent 7 years and investigating the characteristics of these adverse reactions. METHODS Oxaliplatin induced adverse effect reports received by Beijing Municipal Drug Adverse Reaction Monitoring Center from January 1,2009 to December 31, 2015, were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Forty-one serious ADR reports were related with oxaliplatin, with one case evaluated as irrelevant,which accounted for 9.36% of the total reports. The 14 male and 26 female cases were reported, with an average age of (56.21??12.85) years old. One case occurred at the first cycle of chemotherapy and 14 cases did not occur at the first cycle. The occurrence time of the rest 25 cases was not clear. The manifestations of oxaliplatin induced adverse effect usually presented as systemic symptoms. The ADR onset was 0.5 min to 59 d after drug infusion which caused 2 cases of death, 1 case of sequelae, 9 cases of delayed disease duration, and 28 cases of no significant influence. CONCLUSION Careful monitoring is suggested especially for elderly people during oxaliplatin infusion. Attention is advised for patients requiring multi-cycles of chemotherapy, especially when they started a new round of treatment. Extending infusion time as well as using antihistamines and corticosteroids are believed to be effective to decrease the risk of ADR. Treatment plan needs to be modified by evaluating patients' adverse effect. The decision of dose reduction or withdrawal is to be made, if needed, to ensure the safety of drug use.     

��ЧҺ��ɫ�״�������ͬʱ�ⶨ����䷽�����в������a��b1��b2��c�ĺ���

??OBJECTIVE To establish a method for determining the contents of saikosaponin a, b₁, b₂ and c in Radix Bupleuri formula granules by HPLC-MS/MS, and provide scientific basis for the quality standards. METHODS The samples were separated on a Kinetex C₁₈ column (2.1 mm??100 mm, 2.6 ??m) by gradient elution at the flow rate of 300 ??L??min^-1 using acetonitrile and 0.1% aqueous formic acid as the mobile phase. The column temperature was maitained at 40 ??. Multiple reaction monitoring scanning (MRM) was employed for the quantification with switching electrospray ion source polarity in negative mode. The ion spray voltage was set at -4 500 V and the turbo spray temperature was maintained at 550 ??. RESULTS There was significant correlation between the peak area and concentration of each compound within the test range (r??0.999 1). The average recoveries were from 97.44% to 100.56%. CONCLUSION Saikosaponin a, b₁, b₂ and c are determined by this method simultaneously. The method is available with good reproducibility and can control the quality of Radix Bupleuri formula granules effectively.     

宋代药业的经营智慧

宋代城市发展,商业繁荣,人们对药品的需求表现出多样性。宋代药业除主流商品药材、饮片、成药的生产经营外,保健食品、保健饮品、保健用品、洗涤用品和化妆用品也发展起来。药业与其他产业相互渗透,甚至围绕药业出现了一些边缘产业。药业与食品、餐饮、染料、美容、矿产、手工业等行业交叉经营品种扩大,国内外药材需求增加,促进了对外贸易发展和彼此开展竞争。经营者开始使用店名、广告、商标、市招等手段,加强职业道德建设和法治观念建设,改善服务态度,利用行业组织助力,加强药材、成药深度开发。国家则不断深化药业重要性认识并加强法治建设,宋代药业展现出众多的经营智慧。     

基于全生命周期理念的中药新药监管科学研究

中药是我国具有原创性优势的健康资源,近年来,国家高度重视中医药的价值,强调"传承精华,守正创新"以推动中医药行业的健康发展。但目前中药仍面临创新能力不足、中药新药发展缓慢的问题,严重制约中药产业的发展。中药新药研发具有政策导向性,全生命周期管理理念的运用和监管科学的兴起,将会促进中药监管体系与治理能力的发展,为中药研发提供政策指导。对中药全生命周期各阶段的特殊性及监管情况进行分析,探索中药监管科学建设思路,以期为改善中药新药监管效果提供参考。     

榆林市中药材生产前景分析与发展对策研究

中医药是我国人民医疗卫生保健体系的重要组成部分,已引起世界各国医药界的广泛关注。加快发展中药材生产,是今后中药材资源开发利用的方向。对今后一段时间我国中药材生产的前景进行预测,探讨分析榆林具备发展中药材的优势条件,并提出中药材发展的对策措施。     

全国中药资源普查方案设计

中药资源普查直接关系到中药产业的发展和中药现代化的进程,由于目前我国中药资源的相关数据尚不清楚,在全国范围内开展中药资源普查工作是一项迫在眉睫的重要工作。本研究阐述了该项目背景及意义,并就普查对象、项目组织、运营模式、普查内容及采用的新技术和方法进行了探讨。     

试论中药提取物的产业化趋势

中药标准提取物作为一种新兴的产品正日渐受到重视,它是采用先进的工艺技术,对中药材或中药复方进行提取加工而得到的一种具有相对明确药效物质基础、质量标准严格的一种中药产品,可作为中药的新型“饮片”以及中药制剂的原料药。目前的中药提取物可分为三大类:单味中药提取物,复方中药提取物及纯化提取物,包括活性部位和单体化合物。中药提取物是从中药产业中分化出来的新兴领域,它体现了中药产业的技术进步,体现了中药现代化的要求,具有原材料、提取工艺、质量控制、中医临床等方面的优势。中药提取物的产业化将有助于提高中药材的附加值,促进中成药生产分化为原料生产和制剂生产两部分,进而形成中药原料提取物产业,通过这种专业化分工,有利于提高中药生产经营的规范化和集约化水平。其产生和发展,是中药走向国际市场的需要,是中药现代化,培育新兴产业的需要。     

试论中药提取物的产业化趋势

中药标准提取物作为一种新兴的产品正日渐受到重视,它是采用先进的工艺技术,对中药材或中药复方进行提取加工而得到的一种具有相对明确药效物质基础,质量标准严格的一种中药产品,可作为中药的新型“饮片”以及中药制剂的原料药。目前的中药提取物可分为三大类：单味中药提取物,复方中药提取物及纯化提取物,包括活性部位和单体化合物。中药提取物是从中药产业中分化出来的新兴领域,它体现了中药产业的技术进步,体现了中药现代化的要求,具有原材料,提取工艺,质量控制,中医临床等方面的优势,中药提取物的产业化将有助于提高中药材的附加值,促进中成药生产分化为原料生产和制剂生产两部分,进而形成中药原料提取产业,通过这种专业化分工,有利于提高中药生产经营的规范化和集约化水平。其产生和发展,是中药走向国际市场的需要,是中药现代化,培育新兴产业的需要。     

我国中药材生产质量管理中存在的问题与对策

为推动完善中药材质量管理体系、促进中药材产业高质量发展,对中药材种植过程中投入品使用、加工、存储、质量等级标准、质量追溯体系等方面的现状及标准缺乏等问题进行归纳分析,提出应加强中药材质量监管、完善质量标准、加快良种繁育及搭建合作平台的建议,以期解决中药材质量管理过程中存在的问题,确保中药材的安全性与有效性,推动中药材产业高质量发展。     

������ʳƷ����ҩƷ����Ʒ�������޶��ſ�

??The generation and revisions of the catalogue of the substances traditionally considered as both food and Chinese medicine (dietary Chinese medicine) mainly aim to solve the management problems of substances with dual attributes, of both traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and food. With the development of comprehensive health industry of TCM, the importance of dietary Chinese medicine has become increasingly prominent in the whole society. This paper reviews the revision history of dietary Chinese medicine, explains the basis, principles, processes, outlines, and significance of this revision, and illustrates the potential of those substances in the development of preventive treatment and the comprehensive health industry. The paper is of great significance in the researching, understanding and application of the catalogue of the substances traditionally considered as both food and Chinese medicine.     

回药治疗咳嗽方剂收集整理

运用文献学方法,通过收集古今文献,整理得到回药治疗咳嗽的相关方剂共65首,对该文涉及的狼尾草、知母、白沙蜜、回回豆、白芥子、苏子、丝瓜藤7种香药的阿拉伯名称与中草药名称进行对应;运用统计学方法,通过Microsoft Excel 2007中的countif函数对方剂中的药物进行频数统计总结归纳出回医药治疗咳嗽的常用药物有冰糖、蜂蜜、杏仁、贝母、甘草、陈皮、桑白皮、百合8种,根据常用药物,结合文献研究和回医药相关理论,初步推论回医药治疗咳嗽的病机病理、治法治则;该文将所收集方剂按照有关文献分为实用药疗方35首,组成简单、使用方便的清真食疗方30首,结合回族人民在其漫长的发展过程中形成的独特的食疗文化,将食疗方按照主治、症状、方名、组成汇总,以期简单实用;初步按照主要作用总结相关的"药食两用"药材8种,方便人们通过食疗减轻病患、提高健康意识、提升生活质量,同时还可以丰富和完善方剂,为患者的健康提供思路,为回医药更加深入的研究打下基础。     

花类药食同源中药安全性评价的研究进展

近年来随着生活品质的提高,国内外兴起"食花风"。关于花的研究不再局限于观赏价值,其作为中药的现代药理学研究、剂型研制、毒理学等方面和作为食品、保健品的资源开发、营养价值、加工方法等方面的研究报道越来越多。故花类药用、食用品种具有广阔的开发前景。通过查阅和整理大量相关文献资料,对药用、食用花类中药的安全性或不良反应进行综述,为其食疗和保健研究提供参考。