胰腺囊实性乳头状上皮性肿瘤临床病理特点

目的评价胰腺囊实性乳头状上皮性肿瘤的临床病理特点及其治疗.方法分析我院2003年收治的经手术病理证实的2例胰腺囊实性乳头状上皮性肿瘤的临床病理资料,并复习国内外相关文献.结果该病好发于青年女性,临床表现主要为上腹部肿物,腹痛,上腹不适等,无特异表现,超声、CT、MRI等影像学检查有诊断价值,最终诊断依靠病理学检查.本组2例均行手术切除,疗效满意.结论胰腺囊实性乳头状上皮性肿瘤为低度恶性肿瘤,预后较好,治疗首选手术切除.     

胰腺囊性肿瘤患者MSCT影像学表现及病理诊断对比分析

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在胰腺囊性肿瘤诊断中的价值及不同病变影像学表现。方法79例胰腺囊性肿瘤患者,入院后均接受MSCT检查,并进行手术或穿刺活检标本病理检查,以病理诊断结果为金标准,评估MSCT诊断价值。结果病理检查结果显示,79例胰腺囊性肿瘤患者分别为浆液性囊腺瘤29例,黏液性囊腺瘤31例,黏液性囊腺癌10例,实性假乳头状瘤9例;MSCT诊断浆液性囊腺瘤29例,黏液性囊腺瘤32例,黏液性囊腺癌9例,实性假乳头状瘤9例,与病理诊断符合率为92.41%。结论MSCT检查在胰腺囊性肿瘤诊断中有较高敏感性,且不同病变有其影像学表现特征,能为鉴别诊断提供参考。     

胰腺囊性肿瘤的分类与诊断

胰腺囊性肿瘤是临床上较为少见的一类具有潜在及低度恶性的肿瘤,根据胰腺上皮是否存在及特征分为浆液性囊性肿瘤、黏液性囊性肿瘤、导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤及实性假乳头状肿瘤。因其病理类型复杂且胰腺位置较深,患者临床症状和体征均缺乏典型性而容易导致误诊或漏诊。介绍了胰腺囊性肿瘤的分类,血清学检查、囊肿穿刺抽液分析以及影像学检查在诊断胰腺囊性肿瘤方面的进展,指出需要多种检查综合分析,方可进一步提高胰腺囊性肿瘤的确诊率。     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的诊治

目的 探讨胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的临床诊治.方法 回顾性分析2005年10月至2008年12月间收治的10例胰腺实性假乳头状瘤患者的临床资料.结果 10例患者均为女性,年龄11～39岁,平均24岁.中上腹部不适或疼痛为主要症状,4例体检触及腹部包块.B超、CT及MRI检查显示胰腺实性或囊实性占位.术前实验室检查无明显异常,肿瘤标记物正常.所有病例均接受手术治疗,胰腺头颈部肿块6例,胰体尾部肿块4例.手术方式:肿块切除3例,胰体尾切除3例(2例保留脾脏,1例联合脾脏、远端胃及部分结肠切除),节段性胰腺切除3例,胰十二指肠切除1例.术后2例发生胰瘘,经非手术治疗治愈,无其他外科并发症.切除的肿块长径约5.9 cm.平均随访时间19.2个月(8～42个月),所有患者均存活,无肿瘤复发转移迹象.结论 胰腺实性假乳头状瘤是临床少见的低度恶性胰腺肿瘤,手术切除预后良好.     

胰腺实性假乳头状肿瘤

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤（SPTP）是一种罕见的低度恶性胰腺肿瘤，其组织来源尚不清楚。近年来，随着对其认识的提高，临床诊断病例逐渐增多，但术前容易误诊为无功能胰岛细胞瘤、腺泡细胞癌和胰母细胞瘤等。该肿瘤最早由Frantz描述，故又称Frantz肿瘤。其他名称还包括乳头状囊性肿瘤、胰腺乳头状上皮肿瘤、胰腺实性和囊性肿瘤等。1996年WHO对其重新分类命名为胰腺实性假乳头状瘤。SPTP患病率低，在胰腺肿瘤中占0．31％～2．7％。大多数SPTP患者就诊时无症状，部分因为体检发现腹部肿块后就诊，有症状者主要表现为上腹部胀痛、食欲不振等（有报道可表现为腹腔内出血），可能与肿瘤压迫有关，缺乏特异性，因此常延误诊断。就诊时肿瘤体积往往较大。     

不典型胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的影像学诊断及病理对照分析

目的分析不典型胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的影像学表现并与病理对照,探讨其诊断价值,就类似影像学表现的疾病进行鉴别诊断。方法选取77例胰腺实性假乳头状瘤患者,均行手术治疗,并经病理学和免疫组化分析。术前诊断为胰腺实性假乳头状瘤47例,胰腺囊肿7例,假性囊肿4例,胰腺脓肿5例,胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤7例,胰腺癌5例,胰腺血肿2例。对77例患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,比较其影像和病理学特点。结果 77例患者中男性29例,女性48例,年龄2~79岁,平均41.5岁。18例因触及上腹部包块就诊,12例有腹胀,47例无症状。查体：影像学检查发现胰腺或胰周占位性病变,44例为囊实性肿块,16例为单个囊性肿块,10例为实性肿块,7例为多个囊性肿块（囊〈3个）。肿瘤位于胰腺头部29个,体部25个,尾部17个,难以确定的部位6个（以胰尾部周围为主）。有或无完整包膜,不伴有胆总管和胰管扩张。病理特点为肿瘤实性部分由实性区、假乳头区及两者过渡区以不同比例混合而成。囊性区由坏死、液化组织及陈旧性出血组成。结论胰腺实性假乳头状瘤典型影像学表现为较大囊实性肿块,诊断比较容易,但对于表现为单个或多个囊性或单纯实性者,诊断需与有类似表现的胰腺其他疾病鉴别,特别对于老年患者需要与胰腺癌进行鉴别。影像学表现和病理学有一定特征,有助于诊断。     

胰腺囊性肿瘤的外科治疗

胰腺囊性肿瘤较为少见,常缺乏典型临床表现。归纳了临床常见的胰腺囊性肿瘤的临床病理特点及外科处理,包括浆液性囊性肿瘤、黏液性囊性肿瘤、导管内乳头状黏液肿瘤、实性假乳头状肿瘤等。胰腺囊性肿瘤各自特殊的临床病理特征决定了不同的预后。指出应重视胰腺囊性肿瘤的正确诊断,选择恰当的外科治疗策略。     

胰腺囊性肿瘤19例的诊断与外科治疗

目的 探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断及外科治疗方法.方法 对我院普外科2000年1月至2009年8月诊治的19例胰腺囊性肿瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 胰腺囊性肿瘤无特征性临床表现,B超和CT是其主要诊断手段,但均不能准确区分其病理类型,与术后病理对照的定性诊断符合率分别为57.9%(11/19)和68.4%(13/19).肿瘤位于胰头颈部5例,胰体尾部14例,最大直径3～15cm.19例均行手术治疗,切除肿瘤16例,总切除率为84.2%.术中误诊误治4例(21.0%).病理证实浆液性囊腺瘤6例,黏液性囊腺瘤6例,黏液性囊腺癌5例,导管内乳头状黏液腺瘤2例.获得随访15例(78.9%),3例囊腺癌患者中1例切除者已存活4年,无复发;2例未切除者分别于术后4个月和7个月病死.12例囊腺瘤患者目前均存活,肿瘤无复发.失访4例,囊腺癌和囊腺瘤各2例.结论 加强对胰腺囊性肿瘤的认识是减少误诊误治的关键;胰腺囊性肿瘤手术切除后疗效满意,故一经诊断即应积极行外科手术切除.     

胰腺囊性肿瘤15例诊治分析

目的探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的临床病理特点及诊治方法。方法对2004～2009年我院收治的均经手术和病理检查证实为胰腺囊性肿瘤的15例临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 15例病人中浆液性囊腺瘤3例,黏液性囊腺瘤7例,囊腺癌5例。浆液性囊腺瘤较黏液瘤和囊腺癌小(P<0.05)。5例血清CAl99明显升高(胰腺囊腺癌4例,胰腺黏液性囊腺瘤1例)(正常参考范围1～39 u/L),提示CAl99是鉴别胰腺囊性肿瘤良恶性的较好标志物。5例肿物位于胰头部,1例肿物位于胰体部,2例肿物位于胰体尾部,7例肿物位于胰尾部。全部病人均接受了手术治疗。肿物位于胰头者行胰、十二指肠切除术5例;肿物位于胰体者行胰腺节段切除加胰腺远端空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术1例;肿物位于胰体尾者行肿物摘除术2例;肿物位于胰尾者行肿物摘除术2例,胰体尾切除术2例,胰体尾及脾切除术2例,胰体尾切除、脾切除及肝转移瘤切除术1例。与病理诊断相比,术前诊断误诊率26.7%,手术术中诊断误诊率20%。全组无围手术期死亡者,预后良好。结论临床中胰腺囊性肿瘤的病史询问,病理学特征,B超及CT检查,囊液分析及组织活检有助于明确诊断,手术切除是唯一有效的治疗方法,疗效满意。     

胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断和治疗34例

目的:探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的临床诊治特点.方法:回顾性分析1980.2006年我院收治的34例胰腺囊性肿瘤患者的临床资料.结果:胰腺囊性肿瘤常见症状为腹痛,腹部包块,腹胀和上腹不适.各项检查及确诊率分别为:B超50%,CT 66.7%和MRI 80%.全组病例皆行手术治疗,手术切除率82.4%.手术并发症主要为胰瘘和脾窝积液.21例囊腺瘤生存,未见复发.1例黏液性囊腺瘤术后90 mo复发.1例导管内乳头状囊腺癌随访39 mo生存.黏液性囊腺癌中3例分别随访7,27和76 mo健在,2例分别在术后2 mo和4 mo出现腹腔转移.l例术后27 mo肿瘤复发死亡.结论:胰腺囊性肿瘤缺乏特异性临床表现.CT和MRI是主要诊断方法,联合应用影像手段可以提高确诊率.手术切除是主要治疗手段.大于5CM的浆液性囊性肿瘤建议手术治疗.未明性质的胰腺囊性肿瘤应积极手术探查.     

25例肝结核临床分析

目的探讨肝结核的诊断和治疗措施。方法报道1999年1月~2005年1月收治确诊的肝结核病人25例,对其临床资料进行回顾分析。结果25例病人临床表现主要为发热、腹痛、腹胀和肝肿大,反复肝功能异常。病理类型粟粒型8例,结节型17例。5例手术切除治疗。所有病人都经过9~18月的抗结核治疗,经随访预后良好。结论肝结核临床表现和影像学表现多样,且无特异性,误诊误治率高。肝结核诊断需综合临床表现、实验室检查、影像学检查和病理检查,确诊手段主要是肝组织活检,系统性的抗结核治疗及选择性手术治疗是肝结核的主要有效治疗手段。     

附睾结核28例临床分析

目的 分析附睾结核的临床特点,以提高诊治水平?方法 就我院1995年～1998年收治的附睾结核28例进行回顾性分析?结果 附睾结核28例以无痛性肿块表现者占82%,28%合并睾丸结核,18%的病人呈急性?亚急性炎症过程?结论 根据附睾结核的临床特点,必要时作局部穿刺或活检,确诊一般不难?经正规抗结核治疗和局部手术切除治疗,预后较好?     

57例肠系膜上动脉综合征诊治分析

背景:近年来,肠系膜上动脉综合征(SMAS)的检出率呈上升趋势,但仍存在较高的误诊、漏诊率。目的:探讨SMAS的临床诊治特点。方法:收集1993年1月～2011年8月暨南大学医学院附属广州红十字会医院和暨南大学附属第一医院57例确诊SMAS患者的病例资料,对其临床表现、诊断情况以及治疗和预后进行回顾性分析。结果:本组SMAS患者的临床症状以腹痛、腹胀最为多见(33例,57.9%),其次为恶心、呕吐(19例,33.3%),其他临床表现包括嗳气、反酸、纳差、呃逆、消瘦等。55例接受上消化道钡餐检查者均有阳性发现并确诊为SMAS,另2例患者分别经CT检查和手术探查确诊。14例患者确诊前有误诊、漏诊史,发生率为24.6%。55例患者接受内科保守治疗,1例接受中医药治疗,1例接受手术治疗,均治愈出院。结论:对于长期腹痛、腹胀、恶心、呕吐,胃镜、结肠镜检查未能明确病因且按常见消化道疾病治疗效果欠佳者,应考虑SMAS的可能。根据典型临床表现和上消化道钡餐检查结果可早期明确诊断,减少误诊、漏诊。     

Diffuse jejunoileitis of Crohn's disease.

Diffuse jejunoileitis is an uncommon, but important manifestation of Crohn's disease because of the associated high morbidity and challenges in medical management. Despite this there have been no studies of prognosis or management of diffuse jejunoileitis for nearly 20 years. This study analysed the outcome among 34 patients (20 women and 14 men) with diffuse jejunoileitis diagnosed between 1960 and 1991 including clinical features, medical and surgical management, death rates, current status, and prognosis. Diffuse jejunoileitis presents in younger patients (mean age at diagnosis 26.4 years) than those with distal ileal Crohn's disease (mean age at diagnosis 33.3 years). Nearly all presented with clear cut abdominal symptoms including a combination of colicky abdominal pain (91%), weight loss (62%), and diarrhoea (53%). Most patients had severe symptoms reflected by the fact that 77% had been treated with corticosteroids for periods of more than six months at some stage during their follow up. The mean follow up from diagnosis was 16 years. Twenty eight patients (82%) had at least one operation for diffuse jejunoileitis and two thirds of the patients (n = 21) required two or more operations. The frequency of surgical intervention was particularly high in the younger patients (r = 0.71, p < 0.001). The proportion of patients requiring surgery was highest in the first year after diagnosis. The annual operative rate was 15% for the first 10 years and then it fell to 5.2% in years 11-15, and 2.6% in years 16-20. The data suggest that the disease does burn itself out over time. The increasing use of strictureplasty for short strictures and the minimal use of resection has eliminated problems associated with the short small bowel syndrome. The longterm prognosis of this patients is good. Only two patients died (one of perforation of the jejunum and another of an unrelated bronchogenic carcinoma). After a mean interval from diagnosis of 16 year, 24 of 32 living patients are well and symptom free. Only eight have abdominal symptoms of whom three are receiving corticosteroid treatment and one azathioprine. The combination of anti-inflammatory drugs with the relief of recurrent obstructive symptoms by strictureplasty can together produce a good longterm prognosis in most patients with diffuse jejunoileitis.     

The 2-chambered right ventricle with an anomalous muscle bundle]

The clinical picture, course, electrocardiogram and chest X-Ray of 30 patients with the angiocardiographic diagnosis of double-chambered right ventricle, along with the echocardiogram in 18 and surgical results in 26 are analyzed. A ventricular septal defect was associated in most of the patients, that had spontaneous closure in some of them. The clinical picture and serial catheterization in some cases suggested progressive obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract. In this, as in most of the reported series, the history, physical examination, ECG and roentgenogram were inconclusive for diagnosis of this entity. Two-dimensional echocardiography was the most reliable non invasive method to assess this malformation, even superior to catheterization in some aspects. The angiocardiographic findings are quite distinctive, allowing differentiation of other types of subpulmonary stenosis. In order to achieve a good surgical result is essential a precise diagnosis of this malformation and of the associated anomalies. The long-term prognosis was good as in most of the reported series.     

Primary actinomycosis of the abdominal wall. Description of 2 cases and review of the literature

We report two cases of isolated abdominal wall actinomycosis and review 18 previously reported cases to further characterize the clinical findings and the therapeutic management of this syndrome. This diagnosis would be advocated in patients with a palpable abdominal mass of subacute appearance with a previous history of digestive medical illness, diabetes, abdominal surgery, or prolonged IUD use. In contrast with other actinomycosis locations, remarkable data were a more elevated mean age of patients; a female predominance; a prevalent location of mass in abdominal lower left quadrant; and a shorter duration of symptomatology before to diagnosis. The CT is the first choice for imaging study and percutaneous needle aspiration would be recommended for definite diagnosis. The long-term antibiotic therapy, with or without percutaneous drainage, is the first treatment choice because is very effective and made unnecessary a more invasive surgical management. The prognosis is excellent with adequated treatment.     

孤立性腹腔干与肠系膜上动脉夹层二例并文献复习

目的 探讨孤立性腹腔干及肠系膜上动脉(SMA)夹层的诊断及治疗方法.方法 收集中山大学附属第三医院收治的2例孤立性腹腔干并SMA夹层的临床资料,并结合文献报道的119例病例,对孤立性内脏动脉夹层(IDVA)的诊断及治疗方法进行分析总结.结果 119例IDVA中69例存在相关症状,全部病例均由增强CT或MRI检查确诊.发现IDVA后,采取外科治疗8例,支架置入术5例,保守治疗106例,均取得满意疗效.本组2例患者亦由CT检查发现,并经血管造影证实,1例行降压、抗凝治疗,1例行支架置入术,随访中均无不适.结论 腹腔增强CT或MRI检查是诊断IDVA的主要方法.大部分IDVA可选择保守治疗,但需密切CT随访病变情况;对于动脉破裂、管腔阻塞及保守治疗中夹层进展者,需行腔内介入治疗或外科手术治疗.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of isolated celiac artery (CA) dissection and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) dissection.MethodsIntegrating clinical data of 119 cases with isolated dissection of the visceral arteries ( IDVA ) reported in literature and 2 patients with spontaneous isolated dissections of both CA and SMA treated in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,the diagnosis and treatment of IDVA were analyzed retrospectively.Results Among 119 cases reported in the literature,69 cases were symptomatic.All of the cases were diagnosed by contrast-enhanced abdominal CT or MRI.After IDVA was discovered,surgical treatment and endovascular stent placement was performed in 8 and 5 patients respectively,although the remaining 106 patients were managed conservatively with good results.In our 2 cases,the diagnosis of CA and SMA dissection was established by contrastenhanced CT and confirmed by conventional angiograghy.One patient was treated with anticoagulation and antihypertension,and the other patient was treated with endovascular stenting.Both of the patients didn't have discomfort during the follow-up period of 12 and 3 months respectively.ConclusionsContrastenhanced abdominal CT is the main tool for detection of IDVA.Most of the patients with IDVA can be managed conservatively,but close surveillance with imaging studies is necessary for early recognition of dissection progression.Patients with persistent or relapsed symptoms,and dissection progression,should undergo surgical or endovascular treatment.     

Celiac artery compression syndrome

Celiac artery compression syndrome has been referred to in the literature as an entity in limbo, yet there have been many cases that have been well documented. This report describes two cases of abdominal pain with epigastric bruits in which the diagnosis of celiac artery stenosis was made. The abdominal bruit with its diastolic component had been the “tip-off” in both of these patients. Both patients did poorly with conservative treatment and eventually required surgical decompression.     

Diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous colonic perforation： Analysis of 10 cases

AIM： To investigate the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous perforation of the colon.
METHODS： The clinical data of 10 cases of spontaneous perforation of the colon, observed at Fuding hospital from January 2004 to December 2007, were analyzed retrospectively.
RESULTS： The mean age at onset was 65 years （range from 45 to 73）. Seven patients had a history of chronic constipation. All patients complained of sudden lower abdominal pain. The perforation occurred after coloclysis and administration of senna leaves in two patients. Nine patients had signs of peritoneal irritation. Seven cases underwent abdominal paracentesis, which was diagnostic in six. Only one case was definitely diagnosed prior to surgery. One patient underwent neoplasty of the colon, another a partial resection of colon, six a neoplasty of the colon plus sigmoid colostomy, and two underwent Hartmann surgery. All perforation sites were opposite to the mesenteric edge. The perforation sites were located on descending colon in one case, sigmoid colon in three cases, and rectosigmoid colon in six cases. In five patients, surgical pathological examination was consistent with the microscopical changes of colonic perforation caused by feces. Three patients died after surgery.
CONCLUSION： Spontaneous perforation of the colon most commonly occurs among the elderly with chronic constipation. Abdominal paracentesis is helpful for the diagnosis. The perforation site is located opposite to the mesenteric edge. Sigmoid colon and rectosigmoid colon are the most frequent locations. Neoplasty of the colon and sigmoid colostomy are the most frequent treatment. The prognosis is bad and the mortality rate after surgery is high.     

缺血性结肠炎44例临床分析

目的探讨缺血性结肠炎的临床特点、内镜特征和诊治要点。方法回顾性分析2003年1月～2007年6月44例缺血性结肠炎的临床资料．结果缺血性结肠炎好发于老年人，多伴有相关基础疾病，主要临床表现是急性下腹痛和便血。内镜检查提示病变主要发生在左半结肠，呈节段性分布，结肠黏膜高度水肿、充血、糜烂、坏死及溃疡。大多数病例呈一过性表现，如能早期诊断与治疗，预后良好。结论急性腹痛和便血且伴有心、脑血管疾病及糖尿病的老年患者应考虑有缺血性结肠炎可能，病变转归与发病年龄、病变程度及病程长短、伴随的基础疾病及有无并发症可能相关。内镜检查在明确诊断、早期治疗和判断预后上具有重要意义。