附睾原发性恶性淋巴瘤1例及文献复习

目的：探讨附睾原发性恶性淋巴瘤的病理特点、临床表现、诊断、鉴别诊断及其治疗。方法：通过光镜观察、免疫组化染色观察1例附睾原发性恶性淋巴瘤，并进行文献复习。结果：临床表现为无痛性附睾肿大。病理诊断为：附睾非霍奇金淋巴瘤（小T淋巴细胞性、低度恶性），睾丸及精索未见肿瘤细胞浸润。免疫组化染色：肿瘤细胞CD45RO、CD3均为强阳性，CD20、CD79α、CK、EMA、CgA、CD68、胎盘碱性磷酸酶（PLAP）均为阴性。结论：附睾原发性恶性淋巴瘤很少见，根据病理组织学特点及免疫组化染色．并排除附睾慢性炎和肉芽肿性炎等疾病后，可以确诊。     

免疫组织化学技术的临床应用概况测验题(第三套题)

1 免疫组化的基本原理是在组织切片和细胞涂片进行A 抗原抗体反应B DNA碱基配对C DNA体外扩增D DNA倍体测定E 细胞形态测定2 免疫组化标记可以协助A 确定某些转移癌的类型B 确定某些增生淋巴组织的良恶性C 鉴别低分化癌和肉瘤D 发现骨髓、淋巴结的微小转移灶E 以上全部3 T细胞淋巴瘤下面哪组标记阳性A CD4 5RO、CD3B CD4 5RA、CD2 0C CD6 8、CD2 0D CD4 5RA、MPOE CD4 5RA、CD6 84 B细胞淋巴瘤下面哪组标记阳性A CD4 5RO、CD3B CD4 5RA、CD2 0C CD4 5RO、CD6 8D CD3、CD6 8E MPO、CD4 5RO5 粒细胞白…     

WHO新分类对36例非霍奇金淋巴瘤的重新评估

目的 探讨WHO新分类对非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)在我省的实际应用价值.方法 对我省36例以往诊断的NHL石蜡包埋组织重新进行HE、PAS染色,同时选择性进行免疫组化标记,根据WHO新分类标准进行重新分类.结果 在36例NHL中,B细胞肿瘤24例,占66.7%;T细胞肿瘤12例,占33.3%.免疫组化:B细胞肿瘤全B细胞标记物CD20阳性21例(87.8%);T细胞肿瘤均表达全T细胞标记物CD45RO(100%).NK/T细胞淋巴瘤(NK/TCL)2例均表达CD56.结论 我省NHL中,B细胞淋巴瘤发病率最高,为66.7%;T细胞淋巴瘤发病率为33.3%.除高质量的HE、PAS和Giemsa染色外,一套规范的免疫组织化学检测是淋巴瘤分型所必不可少的.     

42例原发性胃恶性淋巴瘤的临床病理分析

目的 探讨原发性胃恶性淋巴瘤的临床病理特征，对其病因及发病等问题进行了讨论。方法 复阅原发性胃恶性淋巴瘤42例，在HE诊断基础上采用免疫组化CD45(LCA)、CD20、CD45RA、CD3、CD45RO、CD21、CK标记。结果 42例中25例为低度恶性；17例为高度恶性。低度恶性的瘤细胞以中心细胞样细胞为主；高度恶性的瘤细胞以中心母细胞及免疫母细胞样细胞为主。在低度和高度恶性病变中均可见到或多或少的淋巴上皮病变特征；反应性或肿瘤性滤泡结构存在。免疫组化标记42例CD45(LCA)、CD20、CD45RA均呈阳性表达，示B细胞来源。结论 42例原发性胃恶性淋巴瘤均为非霍奇金淋巴瘤；均起源于粘膜相关淋巴组织；均来自B淋巴细胞。低度恶性淋巴瘤可向高度恶性淋巴瘤转化。近年不少学者研究认为该瘤与幽门螺杆菌(HP)感染密切相关，HP刺激自身免疫诱导产生粘膜相关淋巴组织(MALT)，继而发生MALT淋巴瘤。目前WHO命名该肿瘤为MALT型结外边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤。     

皮肤假性淋巴瘤免疫组织化学与基因重排的检测

摘要 目的: 探讨皮肤假性淋巴瘤（CPL）的组织病理、免疫组化及基因重排特点。方法: 对28例皮肤假性淋巴瘤的石蜡包埋组织采用苏木素-伊红（HE）染色法进行组织病理学检查,应用免疫组化二步法检测皮损中CD3、CD20和CD45RO的表达情况,并应用PCR进行TCR-γ和IgH基因重排的检测。对照组为10例扁平苔藓患者。结果: 28例CPL组织病理显示真皮浅层内大量淋巴细胞浸润,免疫组化结果显示28例皮肤假性淋巴瘤皮损中以CD3及CD45RO阳性表达为主的共13例,为T细胞假性淋巴瘤;以CD20阳性表达为主的共15例,为B细胞假性淋巴瘤。28例CPL中TCR-γ基因重排时,无1例重排阳性,8例出现smear带,20例重排阴性。IgH基因重排时,1例出现smear带,余均为重排阴性。结论: 皮肤假性淋巴瘤组织真皮浅层内大量淋巴细胞浸润,主要是表达了CD3、CD45RO的T细胞,和表达CD20的B细胞;TCR-γ和IgH基因重排检测在鉴别CPL良恶性方面具有参考意义。     

回肠原发间变性大细胞淋巴瘤临床病理观察

目的：探讨回肠原发性间变性大细胞淋巴瘤（ALCL）的临床病理特点、免疫组化特征及预后。方法：运用组织形态及免疫组化方法研究1例发生在回肠的间变性大细胞淋巴瘤,并结合文献进行分析讨论。结果：间变性大细胞淋巴瘤其形态学表现为多样性,免疫组化显示CD30及CD45RO均为阳性,CK和EMA也可阳性。结论：间变性大细胞淋巴瘤发生在回肠非常罕见,其形态学和免疫表型有一定的特殊性,且预后良好,但要与其他类型淋巴瘤相鉴别。     

提高胸腹水肿瘤细胞的检出率改进胸腹水操作技术

目的：提高胸腹水肿瘤细胞的检出率改进胸腹水操作技术。方法：对430例胸腹水患者进行细胞学检查，同时做PAS染色进行相关性研究。结果：430例胸腹水，其中胸水280例，漏出液45例，渗出液235例，肿瘤细胞43例，腹水150例，漏出液33例，渗出液117例，肿瘤细胞12例，共检出肿瘤细胞55例，糖元染色呈强阳性和阳性反应。结论：胸腹水细胞学和糖元染色检查，在肿瘤诊断；鉴别诊断和病情监测等方面具有重要意义。     

眼眶原发性NK/T细胞淋巴瘤1例并文献复习

目的提高对结外鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的认识。方法报告1例原发于眼眶的NK/T细胞淋巴瘤,结合文献进行分析讨论。结果患者曾被误诊为眼眶炎性假瘤,后经免疫组化确诊为眼眶NK/T细胞淋巴瘤。肿瘤细胞免疫表型为CD56+,CD2+,CD45RO+,CD79a+,CD20-,CD21-,CD38-,CD138-。应用放疗及化疗,患者未能完全缓解,病程中合并噬血细胞综合征,最后死亡。结论眼眶原发性NK/T细胞淋巴瘤罕见,容易误诊,侵袭性强,确诊手段为免疫组化,治疗效果差,预后不良。     

非鼻腔及鼻咽部CD56+与CD56-T细胞淋巴瘤与EB病毒的相关性

目的：探讨非鼻腔及鼻咽部CD56＋与CD56－T细胞淋巴瘤与EB病毒的相关性。方法：收集11例CD56＋与14例CD56－非鼻腔及鼻咽部淋巴瘤，用免疫组化SP法确定瘤细胞本质，使用的抗体包括CD3、CD20、CD45RO、CD56等。用原位杂交法检测EB病毒编码的RNA（EBER1／2）。结果EBER1／2检出率在CD56＋的TCL中占18．2％（2／11），在CD56－的TCL中占28．6％（4／14），两者比较无统计学差异（P＝0．452）。结论：非鼻腔及鼻咽部TCL中EBV感染与CD56的表达无关。     

甲状腺原发性淋巴瘤的病理特性与鉴别诊断价值研究

目的研究分析甲状腺原发性淋巴瘤的病理特性与鉴别诊断价值。方法将12例甲状腺原发性淋巴瘤标本,运用HE染色和免疫组化染色方法,分析其病理特性,并就其组织发生、病理诊断及鉴别诊断资料进行回顾性分析。结果巨检见10例包膜完整;镜检所有肿瘤均具有黏膜相关组织结外边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤一般特点,8例为B小细胞性淋巴瘤,4例为中心细胞性淋巴瘤;免疫组化染色见12例均呈LCA阳性,CD20阳性,CD79α阳性,4例Kappa阳性,8例呈Lamda阳性。结论 HE染色和免疫组化染色检测对甲状腺原发性淋巴瘤诊断具有非常重要的临床意义。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.