上海市青浦区家蝇对常用杀虫剂的抗性调查

目的了解青浦区2013年及2016年家蝇对高效氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、敌敌畏、氯菊酯的抗性现状及变化,以达到科学的蝇类防治。方法微量点滴法。结果 2013年及2016年青浦区家蝇对高效氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、敌敌畏、氯菊酯4种杀虫剂抗性倍数分别为144. 19、87. 69、2. 63、2. 31及138. 37、64. 62、2. 52、2. 08。家蝇对高效氯氰菊酯及溴氰菊酯保持高抗性,对敌敌畏及氯菊酯维持低抗性。结论青浦区家蝇防治因停用或少用高效氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯类药物,合理轮换使用敌敌畏、氯菊酯类药物,以控制及减缓杀虫剂抗性的发展。     

苏州市家蝇对四种杀虫剂抗性的调查与分析

目的　了解苏州市区及所辖 3个县级市家蝇对敌敌畏、二氯苯醚菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯的抗性情况。方法　微量点滴法。结果　苏州市区及所辖 3个县级市家蝇对敌敌畏高抗 ,对氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯中抗 ;苏州市区及吴江市家蝇对二氯苯醚菊酯高抗 ,太仓市和昆山市家蝇对二氯苯醚菊酯产生了中等抗性。结论　苏州市及所辖 3个县级市防制家蝇应改用与上述杀虫剂无交互抗性的氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂。     

合肥市德国小蠊对6种常用杀虫剂的抗药性调查测定及防制对策

目的调查合肥市德国小蠊对溴氰菊酯、顺式氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、氯菊酯、胺菊酯和敌敌畏的抗药性现状,为指导防制提供科学依据。方法药膜接触法。结果合肥市德国小蠊对溴氰菊酯、顺式氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、氯菊酯、胺菊酯、敌敌畏6种杀虫剂的KT50分别为9.01、7.20、7.32、15.14、8.41、19.57min,其抗性系数分别是敏感德国小蠊的2.30、1.51、1.20、3.03、2.42、1.80倍。结论合肥市德国小蠊对溴氰菊酯、氯菊酯和胺菊酯产生了抗药性,以氯菊酯抗性为最高。对顺式氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯和敌敌畏较为敏感。     

上海市长宁区野外家蝇对4种常用杀虫剂的抗药性调查

目的了解长宁区野外家蝇对敌敌畏、氯菊酯、溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯的抗药性现状,为制定防治对策提供科学依据。方法采用微量点滴法测定家蝇的抗药性。结果野外家蝇对氯菊酯产生高抗,抗性倍数为38.53;对敌敌畏、高效氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯都产生最高抗性,抗性倍数分别为57.72、50.81和326.85。结论应继续加强家蝇抗药性的监测,并根据具体情况,采用适宜的防蝇方法,科学合理地使用杀虫剂,预防与减缓杀虫剂抗性的产生和发展。     

江苏省家蝇对4种常用杀虫剂抗性调查

目的了解2005年江苏省家蝇对4种常用杀虫剂的抗性现状。方法点滴法。结果镇江、泰州的家蝇对敌敌畏、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯和氯菊酯的抗性均已达高抗以上,张家港除了对敌敌畏为高抗外,对氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯和氯菊酯均为中等抗性。结论镇江、泰州、张家港三地对家蝇经过长期的化学防治,一些杀虫剂产生了明显的抗性。因此,这些地区今后在进行家蝇化学防治时应换用其它种类的杀虫剂。     

郑州市区淡色库蚊和家蝇对常用杀虫剂的抗性调查

目的了解郑州市淡色库蚊和家蝇对常用杀虫剂的抗药性。方法淡色库蚊采用幼虫浸渍法,家蝇采用点滴法进行测定。结果郑州市城区淡色库蚊幼虫对溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、氯菊酯、双硫磷和仲丁威的抗性倍数分别为25.78、23.75、17.27、1.63和1.32倍,家蝇对溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、氯菊酯、敌敌畏和仲丁威的抗性倍数分别为175.33、57.60、23.68、4.80和3.36倍。结论郑州市城区的淡色库蚊、家蝇对常用卫生杀虫剂均产生了不同程度的抗性,对溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯高抗。     

铜陵市区德国小蠊对5种常用杀虫剂的抗药性监测

目的调查铜陵市德国小蠊对常用杀虫剂的抗药性现状,为指导防治提供科学依据。方法药膜接触法,计算抗性系数(R)。结果铜陵市德国小蠊对溴氰菊酯、顺式氯氰菊酯、氯菊酯、胺菊酯、敌敌畏5种杀虫剂的KT50分别为17.50、5.66、15.69、13.95、14.23 min,其抗性系数分别是敏感德国小蠊的4.48、1.19、3.14、4.02、1.31倍。结论铜陵市德国小蠊对溴氰菊酯、氯菊酯和胺菊酯产生了抗药性,其中以溴氰菊酯抗性系数为最高。对顺式氯氰菊酯和敌敌畏较为敏感。     

泰兴市淡色库蚊、家蝇和德国小蠊对常用杀虫剂的 抗药性研究

摘要:目的　了解泰兴市淡色库蚊、家蝇和德国小蠊对常用杀虫剂的抗药性状况,为制定科学、合理、有效的防治措施提供依据。方法　采用浸渍法、点滴法和药膜法分别测定淡色库蚊、家蝇和德国小蠊的抗药性。结果　泰兴市淡色库蚊对溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、氯菊酯、双硫磷和仲丁威5种杀虫剂抗性倍数分别为2.38、0.58、2.09、13.75、3.04;家蝇对溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、敌敌畏、辛硫磷和仲丁威5种杀虫剂抗性倍数分别为1528.50、152.39、1035.33、8.39、3.85;德国小蠊对溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、残杀威、毒死蜱4种杀虫剂抗性倍数分别为2.49、3.53、1.16、2.85。结论　泰兴市淡色库蚊对高效氯氰菊酯敏感,对溴氰菊酯、氯菊酯和仲丁威产生低度抗性,对双硫磷产生中度抗性;家蝇对溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯和敌敌畏产生了超高抗性,对辛硫磷和仲丁威产生低度抗性;德国小蠊对溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、毒死蜱、残杀威均产生低度抗性。     

台州市蚊、蝇、蜚蠊对7种化学杀虫剂抗性调查

目的 了解台州市致倦库蚊、家蝇、德国小蠊对7种化学杀虫剂的抗性现状,为科学合理使用化学杀虫剂,指导病媒生物防制工作深入开展提供依据.方法 浸渍法,测定4龄期蚊幼虫半数致死浓度;点滴法,测定家蝇半数致死剂量;药膜法,测定德国小蠊半数击倒时间.结果 致倦库蚊自然种群对溴氰菊酯、氯菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、敌敌畏、仲丁威抗性倍数依次为9.0、6.8、5.6、4.8、2.7倍;家蝇自然种群对溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氯菊酯、敌敌畏、胺菊酯的抗性倍数依次为31.9、24.8、15.6、9.5、9.2、4.4倍;德国小蠊自然种群对高效氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氯菊酯、残杀威的抗性倍数依次为5.1、3.5、3.2、2.8倍.结论 致倦库蚊、家蝇、德国小蠊自然种群对7种化学杀虫剂存在不同程度的抗药性.     

家蝇对常用杀虫剂的抗药性调查

目的检测家蝇对溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、胺菊酯、仲丁威和敌敌畏的的抗药性。方法采用点滴法测定家蝇对杀虫剂的半数致死量(LD50)。结果家蝇对溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、胺菊酯、仲丁威和敌敌畏LD50分别为0.071 1、0.347 7、0.850 7、59.633 7和0.382 7μg/只,对溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、敌敌畏的抗性级别均为超高抗性,对胺菊酯为中抗,对仲丁威为高抗。结论可根据抗药性合理选择杀虫剂,以提高对家蝇的防制效果。     

长春新碱过量引起严重毒副反应1例的护理体会

报道1例霍奇金淋巴瘤患者因误用长春新碱（VCR）10mg一次性静脉推注后治疗护理情况。其出现间断性神志恍惚、眼睑闭合不全、言语不清、口腔黏膜糜烂、全身疼痛、麻痹性肠梗阻、尿潴留、手足麻木等症状,经积极解救,禁食,持续胃肠减压、胃管内注入麻油、开塞露、生理盐水灌肠,合理应用肠外营养,注重疼痛、心理护理,做好口腔、肛周护理,预防感染加重,患者病情得到控制好转出院。     

Correlates of stages of change of smoking among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods

BACKGROUND: This study examines the prevalence and correlates of stages of change of smoking, in terms of psychosocial, structural and sociodemographic factors, among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were obtained from a survey on health related behaviour. Subjects were 2009 current and former smokers, aged 20-46, living in deprived neighbourhoods in Rotterdam, the second largest city in the Netherlands. Three groups of smokers were formed according to the stages of change-definitions of the Transtheoretical Model: smokers not planning to quit (precontemplators), smokers planning to quit (contemplators/preparators) and former smokers (actors/maintainers). Smokers planning to quit and smokers not planning to quit were compared regarding psychosocial factors (attitude, social norm, self-efficacy), structural factors (neighbourhood problems, material deprivation, financial problems, employment status) and sociodemographic factors (age, gender, marital status, cultural background, educational level). Former smokers were compared with smokers planning to quit regarding structural and sociodemographic factors. Logistic regression was used to assess correlates of stages of change. RESULTS: Smokers planning to quit (prevalence = 19%) reported a more positive attitude, stronger social norms and higher self-efficacy expectations in quitting smoking than smokers not planning to quit (prevalence = 57%). Smokers planning to quit less often were Dutch-born, more often had attended higher vocational schooling or university and more often reported experiencing two or more neighbourhood problems compared to smokers not planning to quit. Former smokers (prevalence = 24%) were older, more often Dutch-born, married, employed and higher educated, compared to smokers planning to quit. Furthermore, former smokers less often reported material deprivation and financial problems than smokers planning to quit. CONCLUSION: Among people living in deprived neighbourhoods, different factors correlate with different stages of change of smoking. Implications for health promotion are discussed.     

Choice of measures of vaccination and estimates of risk of pediatric pertussis

BackgroundVaccination uptake at the individual level can be assessed in a variety of ways, including traditional measures of being up-to-date (UTD), measures of UTD that consider dose timing, like age-appropriate vaccination, and risk reduction from individual doses. This analysis compared methods of operationalizing vaccination uptake and corresponding risk of pertussis infection.MethodsCity-wide case-control study of children in Philadelphia aged 3 months through 6 years, between 2001 and 2013. Multiple logistic regression was used to isolate the independent effects of each measure of vaccination uptake and the corresponding relative odds of pertussis.ResultsBeing UTD on vaccinations was associated with a 52% reduction in risk of pertussis (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.69). Evaluation of delayed receipt of vaccine versus on-time UTD yielded similar results. There was a decrease in risk of pertussis for each additional dose received with the greatest reduction in pertussis infection observed from the first (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.83) and second dose (OR 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.34). Additional doses conferred minimal additional protection in this age group.ConclusionExamining vaccination status by individual doses may offer improved predictive capacity for identifying children at risk for pertussis infection compared to the traditional UTD measure.     

上海市某医院骨科平均住院日影响因素分析

对上海市某医院2003年-2007年骨科出院病人的住院日描述性分析．2003年-2007年骨科的床位利用指数与平均住院日相关性分析．2003年-2007年骨科床位与医护比例分析．2007年骨科前10大病种平均住院目影响因素分别进行单因素相关性分析和多因素逐步回归分析（STATA软件）。通过对骨科10大病种住院日影响因素分析,术前等待天数、手术类型、是否输血分别对10个、9个和8个病种的住院目有影响。输血因素和手术类型是医院不可控、由病人的病情决定的,术前等待天数是管理因素,是最值得医院重视的影响因素。     

两种不同肌瘤剔除术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效比较

目的:比较腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析63例腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与61例腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床资料,比较2种手术方式的手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、使用抗生素时间、术后感染率、体温恢复正常时间、住院时间等情况。结果:两组患者接受子宫肌瘤剔除术顺利完成,腹腔镜组手术时间长于开腹组(P0.05),腹腔镜组术中出血量及剔除肌瘤个数均少于开腹组(P0.05),术后腹腔镜组体温恢复正常时间、肛门排气时间、抗生素使用及住院时间均短于开腹组,两组患者最多随访6个月,腹腔镜组平均康复时间较开腹组短(P0.05),两组随访B超均未发现明显肌瘤结节。结论:腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术损伤小,恢复快,住院时间短,是值得推广的微创手术。     

尘肺病患者145例死因调查

目的分析汉中市尘肺病的发生、发展和死亡原因，以提高尘肺病患者的生存质量。方法对145例尘肺病患者的死因进行回顾性分析，计算其平均发病年龄、死亡年龄及患尘肺病后的存活年限。结果矽肺的平均发病年龄和死亡年龄均早于煤工尘肺和石棉肺，尘肺病的主要死因为患肺部疾患，患尘肺病后的平均存活年限为12a。结论加强职业健康体检工作，对尘肺病人做到早发现早治疗和预防并发症的发生。     

性发育异常发病机制的研究进展

正常的性腺分化可分为3个过程：原始性腺形成、性别决定和卵巢/睾丸发育。在任一环节中,基因表达或调控发生异常均有可能导致性发育异常疾病的发生。性发育异常是指染色体、性腺和解剖性别不典型。随着分子生物学技术的发展,不断地发现新的基因或信号通路参与性腺分化和发育,如SRY、SF1、WT1、Sox9等基因与睾丸发育密切相关,Wnt/Rspo1/B连环蛋白通路、Dax1、Foxl2等基因在卵巢分化中发挥着重要作用,一些非编码RNA和转化生长因子也有重要的调节功能,且睾丸和卵巢发育均为主动过程,即使在出生后因某些基因的改变两者间也可出现横向分化。这些为揭示性分化异常的发病机制提供了可能。     

One-year stability of the Measure of Processes of Care

BACKGROUND: The Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC) is a 56-item self-administered measure designed to examine what parents of a child with a chronic health problem think of the services they and their child receive, and to measure the extent to which these services are family-centred. Reliability and validity of the MPOC were established in prior studies. The aim of the present study was to assess the 1-year stability of the MPOC to justify its use as an evaluative tool. METHODS: Nine paediatric rehabilitation centres in the Netherlands participated in this short longitudinal survey study. Subjects were 205 parents (response rate 74.8%) of children aged 1-18 years who received care in one of the participating paediatric rehabilitation centres. All subjects filled out two MPOCs with a 1-year interval. RESULTS: All correlations between the scale scores of the MPOC at the first and second administration were relatively high and significant (range: 0.443-0.609, all P < 0.001), demonstrating high inter-individual stability. However, all mean scale scores, except for Providing General Information, significantly reduced after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: The MPOC has a moderate 1-year stability. However, because of its tendency to score lower when repeated after 1 year, its use as an evaluative follow-up instrument to assess the effectiveness of a programme intervention is restricted.     

儿童皮质发育畸形的MRI诊断

目的探讨儿童皮质发育畸形(MCD)的MRI表现特点,为MCD的早期诊断提供依据。 方法选择2010年1月至2012年12月在四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院放射科经MRI检查确诊为MCD的44例患儿为研究对象。回顾性分析及总结其MRI影像学特征。本研究遵循的程序符合四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院人体试验委员会制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,征得受试对象及其监护人知情同意,并与监护人签署临床研究知情同意书。 结果本组44例经MRI确诊为MCD患儿中,巨脑回-无脑回为17例,多小脑回为14例,灰质异位为9例,脑裂畸形为4例。MCD的MRI特点中,巨脑回表现为脑回增宽、皮质增厚及白质变薄;无脑回表现为正常脑沟、脑回消失,皮质增厚及白质变薄;多小脑回表现为脑回增多、细小;灰质异位表现为皮质下及侧脑室周围深部白质区结节状、团块状或带状病灶,信号与灰质信号相同;脑裂畸形表现为从侧脑室到脑表面贯穿大脑半球的裂隙,表面覆盖灰质。 结论MRI是诊断儿童MCD的可靠影像学方法。     

西林瓶装注射用水的装量检查分析

为了检查西林瓶装注射用水的实际分装量是否符合2005年版《药典》三部要求,按照2005年版《药典》三部中“生物制品分装和冻干规程”,分装规格为0．8ml的西林瓶装注射用水10000瓶,随机在分装过程的前、中、后阶段共抽取100瓶,轧盖、目检。分别用1ml标定注射器及1ml普通无菌注射器抽取每瓶注射用水的实际体积,以t检验法对实际抽取量与标示量的差值进行统计学分析,结果显示其与2005年版《药典》三部要求分装附加量为0．1ml相比有显著性差异（P〈0．001）。