后路椎弓根钉棒固定治疗退变性脊柱侧弯的临床疗效

目的探讨后路椎弓根螺钉固定技术治疗退变性脊柱侧弯的临床效果。方法对20例退变性脊柱侧弯患者进行手术矫正,对Cobb角20°的1例患者行椎管减压、椎体融合、短节段椎弓根钉棒系统固定术;对Cobb角20°的19例患者行椎管减压、椎体融合、长节段椎弓根钉棒系统固定并植骨融合术。结果患者均获得6个月的随访。未出现术后感染及断钉、断棒等情况。Cobb角、腰椎前凸角和胸腰段后凸角:术后均较术前明显改善(P0.05),术后6个月均较术后进一步改善(P0.05)。JOA评分及ODI评分:术后均较术前明显改善(P0.05),术后6个月均较术后进一步改善(P0.05)。结论椎管减压是减轻患者疼痛的前提,在此基础上行后路椎弓根钉棒系统固定术能重建脊柱的稳定性,改善患者生活质量。     

颈椎后路椎板减压侧块内固定与单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效比较

目的比较颈椎后路椎板减压侧块内固定与单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2016-01—2018-01诊治的110例多节段脊髓型颈椎病,55例采用单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗(观察组),55例采用颈椎后路椎板减压侧块内固定治疗(对照组)。比较2组术后出现C5神经根麻痹数,比较2组术后3、6、9、12个月JOA评分以及术后12个月伤椎Cobb角、CCI指数。结果 110例均顺利完成手术并获得12个月以上的随访,观察组术后出现C5神经根麻痹数较对照组少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),2组术后3、6、9、12个月JOA评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),2组术后12个月伤椎Cobb角、CCI指数比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论颈椎后路椎板减压侧块内固定术和单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病均可有效保护神经功能、矫正伤椎Cobb角、促进颈椎曲度恢复,但单开门椎管扩大成形术可有效减少术后C5神经根麻痹的发生。     

后路半椎体切除椎弓根钉内固定治疗先天性脊柱侧凸畸形的中期疗效分析

目的探讨后路半椎体切除椎弓根钉内固定治疗非嵌顿型半椎体导致的先天性脊柱侧凸畸形的矫形效果、安全性及并发症情况。方法回顾性分析自2010-01—2015-01采用后路半椎体切除椎弓根钉内固定治疗的16例先天性脊柱侧凸畸形。结果 16例均获得随访,随访时间平均55(39~76)个月。术后即刻主侧凸Cobb角、上代偿性侧凸Cobb角、下代偿性侧凸Cobb角、节段后凸Cobb角较术前明显改善,但末次随访时主侧凸Cobb角、下代偿性侧凸Cobb角、节段后凸Cobb角矫正度数较术后即刻出现丢失,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。手术前后胸椎后凸Cobb角、腰椎前凸Cobb角比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论后路半椎体切除椎弓根钉内固定治疗先天性脊柱侧凸畸形安全有效,能直接去除致畸因素,获得牢靠的固定、良好的畸形矫正及脊柱平衡,而且手术时机越早,矫形效果越好。     

后路椎管减压融合矫形椎弓根钉内固定治疗Aebi1型退变性脊柱侧凸

目的 探讨后路椎管减压融合矫形椎弓根钉内固定治疗Aebi 1型退变性脊柱侧凸的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析自2007-02-2012-01收治的21例Aebi 1型退变性脊柱侧凸,采用后路椎管减压融合矫形椎弓根钉内固定手术治疗,随访19-26个月,平均22.3个月,观察JOA评分改善率、VAS评分以及侧凸Cobb角和腰椎前凸角矫正角度等指标进行疗效评价。结果 本组手术过程均顺利,随访期间观察VAS评分、JOA评分改善率、侧凸Cobb角和腰椎前凸角等指标,并在术后1、6、12、18个月分别进行评价,各项数据与术前比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 彻底减压、合理选择融合节段、提高融合率、适度矫形重建腰椎力学平衡是成功治疗Aebi 1型退变性脊柱侧凸的关键。     

后路楔形截骨治疗胸腰椎陈旧性骨折伴后凸畸形

目的探讨后路楔形截骨椎弓根钉内固定术治疗胸腰椎陈旧性压缩性骨折伴后凸畸形的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2007年9月至2011年12月采用后路楔形截骨椎弓根钉内固定术治疗胸腰椎陈旧性压缩性骨折伴后凸畸形患者27例。术前、术后3个月、术后12个月分别采用日本骨科协会(Japanese orthopaedics association,JOA)评分、视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分及测量后凸Cobb角,评价临床症状的改善及后凸畸形的纠正情况。结果 25例获得随访,余2例失访,25例患者临床症状均缓解,后凸畸形得到明显矫正。术后3个月后凸Cobb角(5.1±1.7)°,JOA评分(19.2±2.3)分,VAS评分为(3.5±1.3)分,术前与术后3个月比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后12个月后凸Cobb角(6.4±2.1)°,JOA评分(24.5±3.2)分,VAS评分为(1.7±0.7)分,术后3个月与12个月比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用后路楔形截骨椎弓根钉内固定术能够充分减压、矫正后凸畸形,并具有创伤小、短期内纠正角度无明显丢失等优点,是治疗胸腰椎陈旧性压缩性骨折后凸畸形的理想方法。     

退行性腰椎侧凸后路固定减压选择性植骨融合术后邻近节段退变的临床分析

目的观察后路椎弓根钉内固定、椎管减压、选择性椎间植骨融合术治疗退行性腰椎侧凸术后邻近节段退变发生的情况。方法回顾性分析自2012-01—2015-12采用后路椎弓根钉内固定、椎管减压、选择性椎间植骨融合术治疗的72例退行性腰椎侧凸,A组35例选择L4、5节段融合,B组37例选择L5S1节段融合。比较2组多节段固定比例、多椎板间隙减压比例,术后1周矢状面Cobb角、冠状面Cobb角、JOA评分,以及邻近节段退变发生率。结果 A组随访(14.1±1.2)个月,B组随访(12.8±0.2)个月。A组单椎板间隙减压比例低于B组,且多椎板间隙减压比例高于B组,多节段固定比例明显高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。B组1周矢状面Cobb角大于A组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05);但2组术后1周冠状面Cobb角、JOA评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组邻近节段退变发生率明显高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论后路椎弓根钉内固定、椎管减压、选择性椎间植骨融合术治疗退行性腰椎侧凸时,固定、减压节段越多,术后发生邻近节段退变的概率越大。     

多节段脊髓型颈椎病的前后路外科治疗

目的 比较前路减压植骨内固定和后路单开门椎管扩大成形术对多节段脊髓型颈椎病的治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析我院2001年1月～2004年6月手术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者78例,前路减压植骨内固定43例,后路全椎板切除减压术或单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗35例,术前和术后按照JOA评分系统进行评分并计算恢复率,MRI测量硬脊膜囊矢状径并计算膨胀回复率.结果 术后随访6个月～4年2个月,平均1年11个月,两组手术病例术前JOA评分及硬脊膜矢状径比较无统计学意义(P＞0.05),术后JOA评分和恢复率,硬脊膜囊矢状径和膨胀回复率前路手术组高于后路手术组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 前、后路减压手术均是治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的有效方法,前路减压植骨内固定术优于后路全椎板切除减压或单开门椎管扩大成形术.     

直视下椎体成形术联合后路内固定治疗胸腰椎肿瘤的临床效果

目的探讨直视下椎体成形术联合脊柱后路减压椎弓根钉棒内固定治疗胸腰椎转移瘤的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2010-01—2013-01诊治的胸腰椎肿瘤40例,按手术方法分为直视下经皮椎弓根穿刺椎体成形术联合脊柱后路减压椎弓根钉棒内固定术组及侧前路胸腰椎肿瘤切除钛板内固定术组。结果 2组VAS评分术后较同组术前明显降低,2组间比较差异无统计学意义;2组脊柱后凸角度(Cobb角)较同组术前减少;2组伤椎上下椎体之间的高度较同组术前增大。结论直视下椎体成形术联合后路椎板切除减压椎弓根钉棒内固定治疗胸腰椎转移瘤,能较快缓解疼痛症状,并且止痛效果维持时间久等优点,并可恢复并维持椎体高度及矫正后凸畸形的作用。     

陈旧性脊柱结核重度后凸畸形截骨矫正术

[目的]介绍邻近节段椎管减压后,后路三柱截骨矫形治疗重度陈旧性结核性后凸畸形伴邻近节段椎管狭窄的手术技术和初步临床效果。[方法] 2012年1月—2017年12月,对9例重度陈旧性结核性后凸畸形伴邻近节段椎管狭窄患者采用手术治疗。先行邻近节段椎管减压,再行后路三柱截骨矫形,其中8例行全椎体切除,1例行经椎弓根楔形截骨,同时行椎弓根钉棒系统内固定,前柱椎间钛网植骨融合。[结果]术后2例神经症状加重,1例为永久性全瘫,1例为不全瘫,其余7例神经功能均有不同程度的改善。末次随访时后凸Cobb角显著改善,ODI评分和VAS评分显著改善,椎间植骨均获得骨性融合。[结论]邻近节段椎管减压后,后路三柱截骨矫形是治疗重度陈旧性结核性后凸畸形伴邻近节段椎管狭窄的有效手术方式。     

基于影像学的颈椎后路减压内固定术疗效影响因素分析

目的 探讨基于影像学的颈椎后路减压内固定术疗效影响因素.方法 选择2017年10月～2020年8月本院收治的70例脊髓型颈椎病患者,均采用颈椎后路减压内固定术治疗,采用JOA评分评价术前、术后6个月的神经功能变化,并根据JOA评分改善率分为优良组、可差组.比较两组相关影像学参数,包括术前Cobb角、压迫物最大径等,组间进行单因素分析后,再进行多因素二元Logistic回归分析.结果 70例术后疗效优32例,良26例,可10例,差2例;优良组、可差组的术前Cobb角、压迫物最大径、脊髓漂移距离、椎管侵占率、有效椎管率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组受压节段、脊髓横截面积差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,压迫物最大径、脊髓漂移距离、椎管侵占率是颈椎后路减压内固定术疗效的影响因素.结论 压迫物、椎管侵占率较大,脊髓漂移距离较短,均是颈椎后路减压内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病近期疗效的影响因素.     

Anterior cervical foramenotomy for cervical radiculopathy

Anterior cervical discectomy (ACD) is standard practice for cervical radiculopathy. Irrespective of the precise method used, it involves more or less complete disc removal with resultant anatomical and biomechanical derangements, and frequently the insertion of a bone or prosthetic graft. Anterior cervical foramenotomy is an alternative procedure that allows effective anterior decompression of the nerve root and lateral spinal cord, whilst conserving the native disc, preserving normal anatomy and movement, and protecting against later degeneration at adjacent spaces as far as possible. The aim of the study was to determine the safety and efficacy of anterior cervical foramenotomy in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy and took the form of a prospective study of 21 cases under the care of a single surgeon. All patients had a single level or two level anterior cervical foramenotomy. All had pre- and postoperative visual analogue scores for arm and neck pain, arm strength, sensation and overall use. A comparison between patients' perceptions and surgeon's observations was also made. Patients were followed up for between 10 and 36 months. Sixty-eight per cent completed full pre- and postoperative assessments. Twenty-eight per cent of the responders had complete arm pain resolution. There were statistically significant reductions in arm and neck pain, and overall disability. The surgeon's impression of improvement paralleled that of the patients. There was one complication with discitis. Anterior cervical foramenotomy is a safe and effective treatment for cervical radiculopathy caused by posterolateral cervical disc prolapse or uncovertebral osteophyte, and might also reduce adjacent segment degeneration.     

Posterior cervical laminoplasty formultilevel cervical spine stenosis

Cervical laminoplasty for treating multilevel spinal stenosis appears to be a good surgical alternative to the more traditional laminectomy or anterior decompression and fusion. This procedure avoids the morbidity associated with extensive anterior procedures and also appears not to be associated with late kyphosis, which can be seen in patients after a laminectomy. This review outlines the rationale, indications, contraindications, and early clinical results for patients undergoing a posterior laminoplasty.     

微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术治疗神经根型颈椎病

【摘要】 目的：探讨微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术治疗神经根型颈椎病的有效性。方法：2008年7月~2010年7月12例单侧神经根型颈椎病患者在延边大学医院接受微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术。其中男7例,女5例,年龄为35~68岁,平均49岁。椎间孔狭窄部位：C5/6 4例,C6/7 5例,C7/T1 3例。软性髓核突出3例,钩椎关节骨质增生7例,突出的髓核钙化2例。均行前路手术,术中采用脊柱手术专用显微镜,在病变上位椎体确定钻孔起始部位,利用高速钻石气钻磨出一约6mm直径的通路达到病变区域,减压椎间孔。观察术前及末次随访时上肢放射性疼痛的VAS评分、颈椎功能障碍指数（NDI）及病变水平椎间盘高度。结果：手术时间为56~110min,平均86±6min;术中失血量为40~120ml,平均92±8ml。无椎动脉损伤、贺纳氏综合征、喉返神经损伤等并发症。术后随访时间为12~23个月,平均15.8±1.3个月。术前上肢疼痛VAS评分为8.5±0.5分（7~10分）,末次随访时为1.4±0.2分（0~3分）,两者比较有显著性差异（P<0.05）;术前NDI为26.4±1.3分（22~31分）,末次随访时为4.2±0.6分（3~8分）,两者比较有显著性差异（P<0.05）,改善率为84.1%;术前病变水平椎间盘高度为5.4±0.7mm（4.2~6.1mm）,末次随访时为4.9±0.7mm（3.6~5.8mm）,两者比较无显著性差异（P>0.05）。术后满意度为100%。结论：微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术可减少对椎间盘的损伤,是治疗单侧神经根型颈椎病的有效手术方法。     

Alternating cervical laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy

We present a novel method of performing an 'open-door' cervical laminoplasty. The complete laminotomy is sited on alternate sides at successive levels, thereby allowing the posterior arch to be elevated to alternate sides. Foraminotomies can be carried out on either side to relieve root compression. The midline structures are preserved. We undertook this procedure in 23 elderly patients with a spondylotic myelopathy. Each was assessed clinically and radiologically before and after their operation. Follow-up was for a minimum of three years (mean 4.5 years; 3 to 7). Using the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scoring system, the mean pre-operative score was 8.1 (6 to 10), which improved post-operatively to a mean of 12.7 (11 to 14). The mean percentage improvement was 61% (50% to 85.7%) after three years. The canal/vertebral body ratio improved from a mean of 0.65 (0.33 to 0.73) pre-operatively to 0.94 (0.5 to 1.07) postoperatively. Alternating cervical laminoplasty can be performed safely in elderly patients with minimal morbidity and good results.     

前路颈椎椎间盘切除融合术与动态装置植入术治疗单节段颈椎椎间盘突出症

目的对比前路颈椎椎间盘切除融合术(ACDF)与颈椎前路动态装置植入术(DCI)对单节段颈椎椎间盘突出症(CDH)患者颈椎活动度(ROM)及术后颈椎曲度的影响。方法回顾性分析2018年6月—2019年9月海军军医大学长征医院收治的78例单节段CDH患者临床资料,其中42例采用ACDF治疗(ACDF组),36例采用DCI治疗(DCI组)。记录并比较2组患者手术时间、术中出血量,术前及术后1年日本骨科学会(JOA)评分、疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、手术节段Cobb角、C2~7颈椎曲度、邻近椎体高度及颈椎各运动方向(前屈后伸、左右侧曲、左右旋转)的ROM。结果所有手术顺利完成。2组术中出血量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。DCI组手术时间比ACDF组短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者术后1年JOA评分、VAS评分和邻近椎体高度均较术前改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1年ACDF组C2~7颈椎曲度、手术节段Cobb角均较术前有所丢失,DCI组无明显丢失,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1年2组前屈后伸、左右侧曲ROM与术前比较均未出现明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1年2组左右旋转ROM出现了相近程度的受限,与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论ACDF与DCI治疗单节段CDH均可获得满意的临床效果,虽然ACDF术后影像学资料显示有生理曲度的丢失,但颈椎ROM维持良好,并不影响患者的生活质量。     

颈椎不稳在交感型颈椎病发病中的作用

目的：研究交感型颈椎病的病理因素及治疗方法。方法：回顾分析了1988-2000年收治的20例手术治疗的交感型颈椎病患者。根据术前及术后颈椎伸屈侧位X光片判断有无颈椎不稳。结果：20例患者术前均有颈椎不稳,颈椎不稳主要发生在C3-C4和C4-C5,颈椎高位硬膜外封闭对大部分患者有短期效果。每例患者均于不稳节段行颈前路融合术,手术有效率为90％。结论：颈椎不稳是导致交感型颈椎病发病的重要因素;颈椎高位硬膜外封闭可有短期疗效因此具有重要的诊断价值;颈椎前路植骨融合术是治疗交感型颈椎病的有效方法。     

Percutaneous cervical nucleoplasty and percutaneous cervical discectomy treatments of the contained cervical disc herniation

Background  

There were no studies in literature to compare the clinical outcomes of percutaneous nucleoplasty (PCN) and percutaneous cervical discectomy (PCD) in contained cervical disc herniation.     

Anterior cervical microforaminotomy for cervical radiculopathy--results and review

Analysis of anterior cervical microforaminotomy performed at the North Staffordshire University Hospital along with a review of literature of this minimally invasive procedure is presented. METHODS: A retrospective-prospective study was performed on 34 patients (24 males, 10 females) with cervical disc disease who had been surgically treated with anterior cervical microforaminotomy between 1999 and 2005. Age ranged from 37 to 75. MRI findings were disc prolapse in 28 and additional osteophytes in six. Microforaminotomy was performed according to the published technique. RESULTS: Single level operations were performed in 22 patients (21 unilateral, 1 bilateral) and multi-level operations were performed in 12 patients (7 unilateral and 5 bilateral). The short-term outcomes were excellent in 65% (i.e., complete resolution of all symptoms), good in 29% (relief of radiculopathy but some non-radicular discomfort persists), and fair in 6% (mild residual radiculopathy with or without non-radicular symptoms). Postoperative complications include one patient with partial C6 root damage, which was identified intraoperatively, but had excellent results at 2 months post operation. Long-term follow-up (using the cervical spine research society questionnaire) ranged from 2-48 months. The average pain score, neurological outcome and functional outcome improved after this operation. RE-OPERATION: One patient, who had 2 level bilateral surgeries, needed discectomies with fusion for new onset myelopathy 18 months later. CONCLUSION: Appropriate patient selection is cardinal in achieving good outcome in anterior microforaminotomy.     

Postoperative instability of cervical OPLL and cervical radiculomyelopathy

The presence of cervical spine instability with respect to preoperative and postoperative changes in angular, horizontal, and rotational displacement of the vertebral body were studied. With the anterior approach, the instability in the remaining unfused segments, and their relation to the kyphotic or lordotic fused segment were studied. With the posterior approach, postoperative ROM (range of motion) could be better maintained, and horizontal displacement was improved in more cases by laminoplasty compared with laminectomy. With the anterior approach, the compensatory function for the loss of motion of the segments resulting from fusion was most remarkable at the levels of C2-3 and C6-7. In the alignment of the anterior fused segments, it appears important that the physiologic lordotic position be maintained.