颈椎微型钛板在颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术中的应用

目的探讨微型钛板在颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术的应用效果。方法对23例行单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术的患者,开门后使用微型钛板内固定。结果术后随访6~14个月,平均9个月。复查均显示颈椎管扩大充分,无再关门现象。JOA评分优良率78%,颈椎轴性症状(AS)评价优良率为65%。结论颈后路单开门手术应用微型钛板固定,操作简便、开门效果良好,可获得良好的术后即刻稳定性,便于早期功能锻炼,有效降低轴性症状发生率。     

微型钛板固定在改良单开门颈椎管成形术中的应用

目的评价微型钛板固定法改良颈后路单开门颈椎管扩大成形术的临床效果。方法对35例需行颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术的患者,术中将预弯成"Z"形的6孔微型钛板两端分别固定于开门后的椎板和门轴侧侧块,用以取代传统的小关节囊悬吊固定法。通过影像学方法观察所有病例的临床效果。结果本组患者未出现术中神经、血管损伤等并发症。所有患者术后随访6～24个月,平均13个月,影像学评估显示内固定确实,未见钛板及钛钉脱落移位、椎板塌陷或再关门现象。临床疗效按Odom评分标准:非常满意16例,满意9例,基本满意6例,不满意4例,总优良率为71.4%。结论微型钛板固定法改良颈后路单开门颈椎管扩大成形术操作简单,临床效果良好。     

改良颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段颈椎管狭窄症

目的探讨改良颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段颈椎管狭窄症患者的临床效果。方法采用改良颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗68例多节段颈椎管狭窄症患者。比较患者手术前后JOA评分及颈椎轴性症状严重程度。结果患者均获得随访,时间3～12个月。JOA评分:术前为3～14(9.0±2.9)分,术后为5～17(12.5±3.1)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),改善率为20%～100%(44.9%±26.9%)。有颈椎轴性症状的患者术前占47.06%,术后占19.12%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论改良颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段颈椎管狭窄症是一种简便、安全的方法,早期疗效满意。     

锚定法与微型钛板固定法颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术后老年患者轴性症状对比研究

目的观察评价老年患者颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术中应用锚定法与微型钛板对术后轴性症状的影响。方法选择2010-02-2014-08在本科行颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术患者83例,其中应用锚定法固定43例,应用微型钛板固定40例。锚定法组43例,其中男31例,女12例,年龄46~72岁,平均68.6岁,JOA评分为5~12分,平均(8.34±1.25)分;微型钛板组40例,其中男33例,女7例,年龄47~71岁,平均64.1岁,JOA评分为6~13分,平均(8.89±1.98)分。结果两组患者手术过程顺利,术后切口均一期愈合,术后2个月和术后1年轴性症状发生率比较,锚定法组高于微型钛板组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对老年患者应用微型钛板完成颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术,可获得早期稳定,便于功能锻炼,减少颈椎轴性症状的发生,具有一定优势。     

单开门椎板成形术联合椎间孔切开术治疗脊髓型合并神经根型颈椎病疗效分析

目的评价颈后路单开门椎管成形术联合椎间孔切开术在治疗颈椎管狭窄症合并单侧神经根型颈椎病中的作用。方法回顾性研究2006年7月至2009年1月44例颈椎管狭窄症合并单侧神经根压迫症状患者,行颈后路单开门椎管成形术联合椎间孔切开术治疗的23例患者为A组,单纯行颈后路单开门椎管成形术治疗的21例患者为B组。引起椎间孔狭窄的原因:椎间盘突出、钩椎关节骨赘形成、关节突增生。神经根症状主要表现为单侧上肢疼痛、感觉减退、肌力下降和反射减弱。A组手术为颈后路单开门椎管成形术联合椎间孔切开术,关节突内侧缘切除范围均小于等于50%;B组仅行颈后路单开门椎管成形术。结果术后随访20～36个月,平均28个月。采用日本骨科协会评分法计算两组髓性症状术后改善率,差异无统计学意义;根性症状术后临床效果评价:A组优18例,良3例,一般2例;B组优7例,良3例,一般9例,差2例。结论对合并有单侧神经根型的颈椎管狭窄症患者,采用颈后路单开门椎管成形术联合椎间孔切开术可取得良好的手术效果。     

单开门颈椎管扩大成形Neulen钛板内固定术后轴侧骨愈合观察

目的:观察和评价单开门颈椎管扩大成形Neulen钛板内固定术后颈椎管拱形结构的稳定性和轴侧骨愈合情况.方法:2012年1月～2012年9月采用单开门颈椎管扩大成形Neulen钛板内固定术治疗颈椎管狭窄症患者26例,男15例,女11例;年龄35～81岁,平均62岁.CT及MRI示多节段椎间盘突出、黄韧带增生肥厚16例,后纵韧带骨化10例.常规行颈后路单开门减压后用Neulen钛板和螺钉在开门部位支撑固定;16例患者使用5枚钛板固定,7例患者用4枚钛板固定,3例间隔使用3枚钛板固定 收集患者术后1周、3个月和6个月的轴位CT资料,根据门轴腹侧和背侧皮质部位连接骨质来评价骨愈合情况:腹侧和背侧部位均有骨质连接判定为骨愈合. 结果:术中3个节段发生轴侧双层皮质断裂,置入钛板后未见椎板漂移和明显不稳,钛板固定后有效维持椎管扩大后椎板的位置,无神经损伤等并发症发生 . 术后3个月时26例患者Neulen钛板固定的117个节段中,80个节段轴侧骨愈合,愈合率为68.4％:术后6个月时随访到15例患者共69个节段(10例5枚钛板固定,4例4枚钛板固定,1例间隔使用3枚钛板固定),CT显示59个节段轴侧骨愈合,愈合率为85.5％.3个轴侧双层皮质断裂节段均未愈合,但椎管扩张状态仍能维持. 随访期间无钛板移位和关门现象,无钛板固定的节段未发现关门现象.结论:Neulen钛板能够为开门后扩大的椎管提供稳定的即时和早期支撑,有利于轴侧早期骨愈合,有效维持椎管扩张状态,防止关门.     

Neulen钛板治疗颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术

[目的] 阐明Neulen钛板在颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术中的应用及长期的随访结果.[方法] 通过对影像学资料和临床症状进行回顾性分析.本院2012年1月～ 2012年12月采用单开门颈椎管扩大成形Neulen钛板内固定术治疗颈椎管狭窄症患者26例,其中获得了26例较完整的随访资料,男15例,女11例;年龄35 ～ 81岁,平均62岁.CT及MRI示多节段椎间盘突出、黄韧带增生肥厚16例,后纵韧带骨化10例.常规行颈后路单开门减压后在门轴侧用Neulen钛板和螺钉在开门部位作为固定方式;16例患者使用5枚钛板固定,7例患者用4枚钛板固定,3例间隔使用3枚钛板固定.收集术后1周、3个月和6个月轴位CT资料,根据门轴腹侧和背侧皮质部位连接骨质来评价骨质愈合情况.腹侧和背侧部位均有骨质连接才能判定为愈合.[结果] 术后颈椎轴位CT扫描显示无脊髓损伤等其他并发症,收集到术后3个月26例患者Neulen钛板固定的117个节段和术后6个月随访到的69个阶段CT检查结果,结果显示3个月和6个月时轴侧骨愈合率分别为68.4％和85.5％.Neulen钛板椎板成形术提供了一个稳定的重建系统,随访期间无钛板移位、神经损伤和关门现象.3个节段轴侧皮质完全不连接节段均未愈合,椎管扩张状态仍能维持.[结论] Neulen钛板能够为开门后扩大的椎管提供一个稳定的支撑系统,有利于提高轴侧骨愈合率并长期维持椎管扩张状态.     

颈前路减压融合术后再手术行Arch钛板颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术的疗效分析

目的回顾性分析Arch钛板颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术作为颈前路减压融合术患者再手术方式的疗效。方法初次行颈前路减压植骨融合术并于本院再手术行Arch钛板单开门椎管扩大成形术的患者共10例,比较再次术前及随访时日本骨科学会（Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA）评分、Cobb角和颈椎活动度的变化,同时比较再次手术前后椎管面积的变化。结果患者平均随访11。9个月,JOA评分由术前平均7．6分增加至11．3分（P〈0．01）,神经功能改善率为41．83％;术前和末次随访时的Cobb角、颈椎活动度差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;椎管面积由术前171．32mm2增大至227．46mm2（P〈0．05）。术后2例患者出现轴性痛,1例出现脑脊液漏;随访期间完全恢复。结论对于行颈前路减压融合术的患者,应用Arch钛板单开门椎管扩大成形术作为再次手术方式在短期内安全、有效。     

单开门联合侧块螺钉在老年性严重性颈椎管狭窄中的应用

[目的]观察颈椎管狭窄单开门椎管减压椎板成形联合侧块螺钉悬吊术治疗老年性严重性颈椎管狭窄症的临床效果.[方法]选取32例于2006～2009年期间在本院治疗的老年性严重性颈椎管狭窄患者作为研究对象.手术前后从影像学变化(椎管矢状径、颈椎活动度)和神经功能改善(采用日本骨科学会脊髓功能评分量表)两方面评估临床效果.[结果]随访18～46个月,椎管矢状径平均增加5.1 mm,颈椎活动度平均减少13°.JOA评分平均增加5.6分,优良率75%,没有出现再关门病例.[结论]颈后路单开门联合侧块螺钉技术治疗颈椎管狭窄安全有效,减压彻底.     

单开门微型钢板固定在颈椎管扩大成形术中的应用

目的评价单开门微型钢板固定颈椎管扩大成形术的临床效果。方法对20例需行颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术的患者,术中将Centerpiece GP8-14 mm钢板两端分别固定于开门后的椎板和门轴侧侧块,通过影像学方法及JOA评分观察所有病例的临床效果。结果所有患者术后随访3～24个月,平均15个月,影像学评估显示内固定确实,未见神经、血管损伤、颈部轴性症状以及钢板、螺钉脱落移位、椎板塌陷再关门现象。根据JOA评分本组优12例,良4例,好转2例,无效2例,有效率90.0%,优良率80.0%。结论单开门微型钢板固定可防止颈椎管扩大成形术术后椎板再关门。     

Anterior cervical foramenotomy for cervical radiculopathy

Anterior cervical discectomy (ACD) is standard practice for cervical radiculopathy. Irrespective of the precise method used, it involves more or less complete disc removal with resultant anatomical and biomechanical derangements, and frequently the insertion of a bone or prosthetic graft. Anterior cervical foramenotomy is an alternative procedure that allows effective anterior decompression of the nerve root and lateral spinal cord, whilst conserving the native disc, preserving normal anatomy and movement, and protecting against later degeneration at adjacent spaces as far as possible. The aim of the study was to determine the safety and efficacy of anterior cervical foramenotomy in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy and took the form of a prospective study of 21 cases under the care of a single surgeon. All patients had a single level or two level anterior cervical foramenotomy. All had pre- and postoperative visual analogue scores for arm and neck pain, arm strength, sensation and overall use. A comparison between patients' perceptions and surgeon's observations was also made. Patients were followed up for between 10 and 36 months. Sixty-eight per cent completed full pre- and postoperative assessments. Twenty-eight per cent of the responders had complete arm pain resolution. There were statistically significant reductions in arm and neck pain, and overall disability. The surgeon's impression of improvement paralleled that of the patients. There was one complication with discitis. Anterior cervical foramenotomy is a safe and effective treatment for cervical radiculopathy caused by posterolateral cervical disc prolapse or uncovertebral osteophyte, and might also reduce adjacent segment degeneration.     

Alternating cervical laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy

We present a novel method of performing an 'open-door' cervical laminoplasty. The complete laminotomy is sited on alternate sides at successive levels, thereby allowing the posterior arch to be elevated to alternate sides. Foraminotomies can be carried out on either side to relieve root compression. The midline structures are preserved. We undertook this procedure in 23 elderly patients with a spondylotic myelopathy. Each was assessed clinically and radiologically before and after their operation. Follow-up was for a minimum of three years (mean 4.5 years; 3 to 7). Using the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scoring system, the mean pre-operative score was 8.1 (6 to 10), which improved post-operatively to a mean of 12.7 (11 to 14). The mean percentage improvement was 61% (50% to 85.7%) after three years. The canal/vertebral body ratio improved from a mean of 0.65 (0.33 to 0.73) pre-operatively to 0.94 (0.5 to 1.07) postoperatively. Alternating cervical laminoplasty can be performed safely in elderly patients with minimal morbidity and good results.     

微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术治疗神经根型颈椎病

【摘要】 目的：探讨微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术治疗神经根型颈椎病的有效性。方法：2008年7月~2010年7月12例单侧神经根型颈椎病患者在延边大学医院接受微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术。其中男7例,女5例,年龄为35~68岁,平均49岁。椎间孔狭窄部位：C5/6 4例,C6/7 5例,C7/T1 3例。软性髓核突出3例,钩椎关节骨质增生7例,突出的髓核钙化2例。均行前路手术,术中采用脊柱手术专用显微镜,在病变上位椎体确定钻孔起始部位,利用高速钻石气钻磨出一约6mm直径的通路达到病变区域,减压椎间孔。观察术前及末次随访时上肢放射性疼痛的VAS评分、颈椎功能障碍指数（NDI）及病变水平椎间盘高度。结果：手术时间为56~110min,平均86±6min;术中失血量为40~120ml,平均92±8ml。无椎动脉损伤、贺纳氏综合征、喉返神经损伤等并发症。术后随访时间为12~23个月,平均15.8±1.3个月。术前上肢疼痛VAS评分为8.5±0.5分（7~10分）,末次随访时为1.4±0.2分（0~3分）,两者比较有显著性差异（P<0.05）;术前NDI为26.4±1.3分（22~31分）,末次随访时为4.2±0.6分（3~8分）,两者比较有显著性差异（P<0.05）,改善率为84.1%;术前病变水平椎间盘高度为5.4±0.7mm（4.2~6.1mm）,末次随访时为4.9±0.7mm（3.6~5.8mm）,两者比较无显著性差异（P>0.05）。术后满意度为100%。结论：微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术可减少对椎间盘的损伤,是治疗单侧神经根型颈椎病的有效手术方法。     

Posterior cervical laminoplasty formultilevel cervical spine stenosis

Cervical laminoplasty for treating multilevel spinal stenosis appears to be a good surgical alternative to the more traditional laminectomy or anterior decompression and fusion. This procedure avoids the morbidity associated with extensive anterior procedures and also appears not to be associated with late kyphosis, which can be seen in patients after a laminectomy. This review outlines the rationale, indications, contraindications, and early clinical results for patients undergoing a posterior laminoplasty.     

Anterior cervical microforaminotomy for cervical radiculopathy--results and review

Analysis of anterior cervical microforaminotomy performed at the North Staffordshire University Hospital along with a review of literature of this minimally invasive procedure is presented. METHODS: A retrospective-prospective study was performed on 34 patients (24 males, 10 females) with cervical disc disease who had been surgically treated with anterior cervical microforaminotomy between 1999 and 2005. Age ranged from 37 to 75. MRI findings were disc prolapse in 28 and additional osteophytes in six. Microforaminotomy was performed according to the published technique. RESULTS: Single level operations were performed in 22 patients (21 unilateral, 1 bilateral) and multi-level operations were performed in 12 patients (7 unilateral and 5 bilateral). The short-term outcomes were excellent in 65% (i.e., complete resolution of all symptoms), good in 29% (relief of radiculopathy but some non-radicular discomfort persists), and fair in 6% (mild residual radiculopathy with or without non-radicular symptoms). Postoperative complications include one patient with partial C6 root damage, which was identified intraoperatively, but had excellent results at 2 months post operation. Long-term follow-up (using the cervical spine research society questionnaire) ranged from 2-48 months. The average pain score, neurological outcome and functional outcome improved after this operation. RE-OPERATION: One patient, who had 2 level bilateral surgeries, needed discectomies with fusion for new onset myelopathy 18 months later. CONCLUSION: Appropriate patient selection is cardinal in achieving good outcome in anterior microforaminotomy.     

Postoperative instability of cervical OPLL and cervical radiculomyelopathy

The presence of cervical spine instability with respect to preoperative and postoperative changes in angular, horizontal, and rotational displacement of the vertebral body were studied. With the anterior approach, the instability in the remaining unfused segments, and their relation to the kyphotic or lordotic fused segment were studied. With the posterior approach, postoperative ROM (range of motion) could be better maintained, and horizontal displacement was improved in more cases by laminoplasty compared with laminectomy. With the anterior approach, the compensatory function for the loss of motion of the segments resulting from fusion was most remarkable at the levels of C2-3 and C6-7. In the alignment of the anterior fused segments, it appears important that the physiologic lordotic position be maintained.     

前路颈椎椎间盘切除融合术与动态装置植入术治疗单节段颈椎椎间盘突出症

目的对比前路颈椎椎间盘切除融合术(ACDF)与颈椎前路动态装置植入术(DCI)对单节段颈椎椎间盘突出症(CDH)患者颈椎活动度(ROM)及术后颈椎曲度的影响。方法回顾性分析2018年6月—2019年9月海军军医大学长征医院收治的78例单节段CDH患者临床资料,其中42例采用ACDF治疗(ACDF组),36例采用DCI治疗(DCI组)。记录并比较2组患者手术时间、术中出血量,术前及术后1年日本骨科学会(JOA)评分、疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、手术节段Cobb角、C2~7颈椎曲度、邻近椎体高度及颈椎各运动方向(前屈后伸、左右侧曲、左右旋转)的ROM。结果所有手术顺利完成。2组术中出血量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。DCI组手术时间比ACDF组短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者术后1年JOA评分、VAS评分和邻近椎体高度均较术前改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1年ACDF组C2~7颈椎曲度、手术节段Cobb角均较术前有所丢失,DCI组无明显丢失,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1年2组前屈后伸、左右侧曲ROM与术前比较均未出现明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1年2组左右旋转ROM出现了相近程度的受限,与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论ACDF与DCI治疗单节段CDH均可获得满意的临床效果,虽然ACDF术后影像学资料显示有生理曲度的丢失,但颈椎ROM维持良好,并不影响患者的生活质量。     

Percutaneous cervical nucleoplasty and percutaneous cervical discectomy treatments of the contained cervical disc herniation

Background  

There were no studies in literature to compare the clinical outcomes of percutaneous nucleoplasty (PCN) and percutaneous cervical discectomy (PCD) in contained cervical disc herniation.     

颈椎不稳在交感型颈椎病发病中的作用

目的：研究交感型颈椎病的病理因素及治疗方法。方法：回顾分析了1988-2000年收治的20例手术治疗的交感型颈椎病患者。根据术前及术后颈椎伸屈侧位X光片判断有无颈椎不稳。结果：20例患者术前均有颈椎不稳,颈椎不稳主要发生在C3-C4和C4-C5,颈椎高位硬膜外封闭对大部分患者有短期效果。每例患者均于不稳节段行颈前路融合术,手术有效率为90％。结论：颈椎不稳是导致交感型颈椎病发病的重要因素;颈椎高位硬膜外封闭可有短期疗效因此具有重要的诊断价值;颈椎前路植骨融合术是治疗交感型颈椎病的有效方法。