全膝关节置换术中应用富血小板血浆的临床效果

目的评价全膝关节置换术中局部应用富血小板血浆的临床效果。 方法检索中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台(WANFANG)、维普资讯中文期刊服务平台(VIP)4个中文数据库和PubMed、Web of Science、荷兰医学文摘数据库(Embase)、循证医学数据库(Cochrane Library)4个外文数据库中公开发表的关于全膝关节置换术中应用富血小板血浆临床疗效的相关文献,按照只纳入随机对照临床试验不纳入综述、非随机试验及动物实验等标准筛选文献,根据文献质量评估标准评价文献,采用标准格式收集数据,运用RevMan 5.3软件对4个结局指标即估计总失血量、膝关节活动度(ROM)、住院时间、术后并发症进行荟萃分析。 结果共纳入7篇随机对照试验,分析结果显示：富血小板血浆(PRP)组估计总失血量比对照组少[均数差(MD)＝-132.32,95%置信区间(CI)(-231.24,-33.40),P＝0.009];PRP组住院时间比对照组短[MD ＝-2.12,95% CI(-3.47,-0.76),P＝0.002];PRP组术后并发症发生率比对照组低[比值比(OR)＝0.45,95% CI(0.22,0.91),P＝0.03]; PRP组膝关节ROM与对照组差异不大[术后2 d：MD ＝0.80,95% CI(-2.87,4.46),P＝0.67;术后3 d：MD ＝1.23,95% CI (-4.12,6.58),P＝0.65;术后5 d：MD ＝2.93,95% CI(-0.60,6.46),P＝0.10;术后7 d：MD ＝2.09,95% CI(-4.63,8.82), P＝0.54;术后2周：MD ＝-0.88, 95% CI(-3.70,1.94),P＝0.54;术后6周：MD ＝3.93,95% CI(-5.17,13.02),P＝0.40;术后3个月：MD ＝1.00, 95% CI(-4.15,6.15),P＝0.70]。 结论全膝关节置换术中应用富血小板血浆时,估计总失血量减少、住院时间缩短、术后并发症发生率降低,但膝关节活动度无明显提高。     

骨水泥与生物型半髋关节置换治疗老年粗隆间骨折的Meta分析

目的应用Meta分析的方法系统评价骨水泥型与生物型人工半髋关节置换治疗老年粗隆间骨折的近期临床疗效。 方法计算机检索Cochrane Library,MEDLINE,PubMed,Ovid,EMBASE, CBM,CNKI,Articles,VIP等数据库从建库至2018年1月的相关文献,手工检索中华系列及骨科类杂志近5年的相关文献,筛选出关于骨水泥型与生物型半髋关节置治疗换老年粗隆间骨折的随机对照试验文献(RCTs),严格评价纳入研究的方法学质量,采用Cochrane协作网提供的RevMan 5.3进行统计学分析。 结果最后共纳入17篇符合要求的文章,共1 233例患者,Meta分析结果显示,与骨水泥组相比,生物型组手术时间短[MD＝8.20,95%CI(7.09 ,9.03),P<0.01],死亡率低[OR＝2.45,95%CI(1.11,5.41),P＝0.03],但术后出血量多[MD＝－13.23,95%CI(－20.70 ,－5.76),P ＝0.0005],在术中出血量、术后下地时间、术后6个月及12个月髋关节功能Harris评分、术后假体并发症、心脑血管并发症、感染及深静脉血栓发生率两组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论对于半髋关节置换治疗老年粗隆间骨折的近期临床疗效,生物型假体在手术时间、死亡率等方面优于骨水泥型假体,但术后出血量较多。     

唑来膦酸对全髋置换术后假体周围骨密度的影响

目的评价唑来膦酸对骨质疏松患者全髋置换术后假体周围骨密度影响。 方法检索主要数据库从建库至2019年11月10日唑来膦酸对骨质疏松患者全髋置换术后应用并评价假体周围骨密度结局指标的随机对照试验,筛选合格研究进行分析。偏倚风险评价应用Cochrane评价员手册,质量评价应用Jadad评分法。应用Rev Man 5.3软件对假体周围骨密度指标进行Meta分析。 结果符合纳入标准的文献共5篇。Meta分析结果显示,术后3个月假体周围骨密度Gruen 2区均数差(MD)＝0.11,95%可信区间(CI)(0.01,0.21),治疗组与对照组比较,假体周围骨密度Gruen 2区差异有统计学意义(Z ＝2.21,P＝0.03);Gruen 3区MD＝0.11,95%CI (0.01,0.21),治疗组与对照组比较,假体周围骨密度Gruen 3区差异有统计学意义(Z＝2.24,P＝0.03);Gruen 6区MD＝0.12,95%CI(0.04,0.21),治疗组与对照组比较,假体周围骨密度Gruen 6区差异有统计学意义(Z＝2.76,P＝0.006)。术后6个月假体周围骨密度Gruen 1区MD＝0.05,95%CI(0.01,0.09),治疗组与对照组比较,假体周围骨密度Gruen 1区差异有统计学意义(Z＝2.20,P＝0.03);Gruen 2区MD＝0.08,95%CI(0.03,0.14),治疗组与对照组比较,假体周围骨密度Gruen 2区差异有统计学意义(Z＝3.03,P＝0.002);Gruen 3区MD＝0.05,95%CI (0.00,0.10),治疗组与对照组比较,假体周围骨密度Gruen 3区差异有统计学意义(Z＝2.10,P＝0.04);Gruen 4区MD＝0.10,95%CI(0.04,0.15),治疗组与对照组比较,假体周围骨密度Gruen 4区差异有统计学意义(Z＝3.46,P＝0.0005);Gruen 5区MD＝0.08,95% CI(0.03,0.14),治疗组与对照组比较,假体周围骨密度Gruen 5区差异有统计学意义(Z＝2.87,P＝0.004)。术后12个月假体周围骨密度Gruen 1区MD＝0.09,95%CI(0.05,0.14),治疗组与对照组比较,假体周围骨密度Gruen 1区差异有统计学意义(Z＝4.22,P<0.0001);Gruen 2区MD＝0.11,95%CI(0.05,0.16),治疗组与对照组比较,假体周围骨密度Gruen 2区差异有统计学意义(Z＝3.91,P<0.0001);Gruen 3区MD＝0.08,95%CI(0.03,0.13),治疗组与对照组比较,假体周围骨密度Gruen 3区差异有统计学意义(Z＝3.42,P＝0.0006);Gruen 4区MD＝0.15,95%CI(0.09,0.20),治疗组与对照组比较,假体周围骨密度Gruen 4区差异有统计学意义(Z＝5.01,P<0.00001);Gruen 5区MD＝0.10,95%CI(0.05,0.16),治疗组与对照组比较,假体周围骨密度Gruen 5区差异有统计学意义(Z＝3.77,P＝0.0002)。纳入研究均无重大不良反应发生。 结论唑来膦酸能有效延缓全髋置换术后假体周围骨密度的降低,增加假体生物学稳定性,且临床应用安全,但需要更多高质量、多中心严格设计的随机对照试验进一步验证。     

自体骨软骨移植与微骨折术临床疗效的Meta分析

目的通过Meta分析比较自体骨软骨移植与微骨折对膝关节软骨缺损修复手术疗效的影响。 方法通过计算机检索建库至2020年8月PubMed,荷兰医学文摘数据库(EMbase),Cochrane图书馆,万方数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库和中国知网发表的比较自体骨软骨移植与微骨折术的相关研究文献,根据纳入标准如国内外公开发表的自体骨软骨移植与微骨折直接比较的随机病例对照研究与排除标准如无法获取全文及缺乏原始数据的研究等进行文献筛选,质量评价及数据提取,采用Review Manager 5.4统计学软件对患者术后Lysholm评分,术后患者恢复活动情况,以及术后优良率,失败率和骨关节炎患病数等方面进行Meta分析。 结果共纳入7篇文献,345例患者,其中自体骨软骨移植171例,微骨折174例。Meta分析结果显示：自体骨软骨移植与微骨折术在术后Lyshlom评分[均数差(MD)＝-10.19;95%置信区间(CI)(-19.28,-1.10);P＝0.03],术后优良率[比值比(OR)＝0.24;95%CI(0.08,0.72);P＝0.01],失败率[OR＝5.96;95%CI(2.58,13.75);P<0.0001],术后患者恢复活动数[OR＝0.15;95%CI(0.08,0.28);P<0.0001],骨关节炎患者数[OR＝2.76;95%CI(1.07,7.10);P＝0.03]等方面比较,差异存在统计学意义;在这些方面,自体骨软骨移植均优于微骨折。 结论结果证实,自体骨软骨移植在术后患骨关节炎患者数、临床评分及术后恢复活动等方面均优于微骨折。对于膝关节软骨缺损修复患者,自体骨软骨移植可作为优先选择的一线手术方式。     

3D个性化截骨板辅助全膝关节置换术精准度的荟萃分析

目的比较3D个性化截骨板与传统截骨对膝关节置换术后下肢重建力线和假体组件安放的精准度。 方法通过PubMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、中国知网、万方医学数据库等电子期刊数据库检索已发表的比较个性化截骨板(PSI)与传统截骨对膝关节置换术后下肢力线及临床疗效影响的随机对照试验。严格按照研究类型为随机对照研究、研究对象为符合初次膝关节置换的终末期骨关节炎或类风湿关节炎患者、干预与对照措施分别为个性化截骨板与传统截骨、结局评价指标至少包括下肢力线离群值等纳入标准和不符合以上条件的排除标准筛选文献,进行质量评价,提取数据,采用Review Manager 5.3软件对提取的数据进行Meta分析,对于下肢力线、假体组件离群值等计数资料评估其相对危险度(RR)及95%可信区间(CI),对膝关节功能评分、手术时间等连续型变量计算其均值差(mean difference,MD)及95%CI,对统计结果进行综述。 结果共纳入11篇文献,包括12项研究。Meta分析显示：PSI组与传统组术后下肢力线(髋－膝－踝角)离群值比较：[RR ＝0.88,95%CI(0.65,1.19),P>0.05];PSI组与传统组术后冠状位股骨组件离群值比较：[RR ＝0.76,95%CI(0.57,1.02),P>0.05];PSI组与传统组术后冠状位胫骨组件离群值比较：[RR ＝1.19,95%CI(0.68,2.09),P>0.05];PSI组与传统组术后3个月牛津大学膝关节评分(OKS)比较：[MD ＝0.04,95%CI(－1.63,1.72),P>0.05],以上结果差异均无统计学意义。术后股骨组件旋转对合离群值[RR ＝0.55,95%CI(0.33,0.94),P<0.05],差异有统计学意义。 结论在术后股骨组件旋转对合方面,个性化截骨板比传统截骨更精准。     

单髁置换术与全膝置换术治疗膝骨关节炎疗效的Meta分析

目的系统评价单髁置换术(UKA)与全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。 方法计算机检索Cochrane Library、Pubmed、Web of science、中国知识总库(CNKI)、万方数据学术论文总库、中国生物医学文献服务系统、公开发表的单髁置换术与全膝置换术治疗膝骨关节炎的临床研究。由2名研究者按照纳排标准进行文献筛选并提取相关资料，纳入标准为选取随机对照试验(RCT)或非随机对照试验(no-RCT)的文献，患者首次行全膝关节置换术或单髁置换术，观察比较膝关节KSS评分、屈曲膝关节达90°所需时间、关节活动度、疼痛度等结局指标。同时，排除重复发表、无法得到原始相关数据、无法获取全文、以及质量等级较低的文献。用RevMan 5.3.3软件进行数据处理，计量资料采用均数差(MD)为合并统计量，计数资料选择相对危险度(RR)为合并统计量，所有效应量以95%可信区间(CI)表示。通过卡方检验判断研究间异质性，若P≥0.05，I²≤50%，采用固定效应模型；反之分析其异质性来源，若无临床异质性，则采用随机效应模型。若不能进行数据的合并，则进行描述性分析。 结果共纳入7个随机对照试验(RCT)及13个非随机对照试验(no-RCT)。Meta分析结果显示：关节活动度在2、3、6、12、48个月的时间点测量，结果显示两组间在2个月时无异质性[MD＝7.31，95%CI(－0.99，15.61)，P＝0.08]，而在中、远期时存在异质性[MD＝5.90，95% CI(1.07，10.74)，P＝0.02]。屈曲90°所需时间方面单髁组[RCT: MD＝－3.36，95% CI(－6.22，－0.50)，P＝0.02；no-RCT: MD＝－2.94，95% CI(－3.51，－2.37)，P＝0.02]相对于全膝置换组更短。与全膝置换组相比，单髁置换术在术后膝关节KSS评分早中期疗效相当，但在远期疗效方面有着明显的优势。在术中出血量[RCT: MD＝－176.99，95% CI(－205.36，－148.62)，P <0.01；no-RCT: MD ＝－139.08，95% CI(－150.94，－127.22)，P <0.01]及术中引流量[MD＝－77.33，95% CI(－88.18，－66.48)，P<0.01]方面比全膝置换组有着明显的优势。在手术时间方面[no-RCT: MD＝－0.43，95% CI(－7.27，－6.40)，P＝0.90]两组间异质性不明显。 结论单髁置换术在术后膝关节活动度、屈曲90°所需时间、术后膝关节KSS评分、术中出血量、术中引流量方面存在明显优势，在手术时间方面无统计学差异，但是上述研究纳入的高质量文献较少，尚需要更多高质量、大样本的临床试验进一步验证。     

计算机导航与传统人工全膝关节置换临床疗效的Meta分析

目的使用Meta分析的方法,系统评价应用计算机导航技术与传统技术对人工全膝关节置换术(TKA)后临床疗效的影响。 方法计算机检索Pubmed、CNKI、Springer Link等国内外数据库,检索2007年01月01日至2017年05月01日中关于计算机导航与传统全膝关节置换术的临床效果比较的随机对照试验(RCTs),文献纳入标准为初次TKA,且以计算机辅助导航技术为实验组的临床随机对照研究,排除标准为数据可疑或不符合纳入标准的文献。通过RevMan 5.3软件对数据进行Meta分析,比较计算机导航与传统技术TKA术后的临床疗效。 结果最终共纳入随机对照试验15篇。资料分析后显示,两种手术方法对术后股骨假体冠状位角度[MD ＝－0.03,95%CI(－0.60,0.53),P>0.05],股骨假体冠状位角内/外翻角度>3°[RR＝0.79,95%CI(0.60,1.05),P>0.05]、术后股骨假体旋转角度>3°发生数量[RR＝0.78,95%CI(0.60,1.01),P >0.05]、术后股骨假体矢状位角>3°发生数量[RR＝0.82,95%CI(0.49,1.39),P＝0.47]、术后胫骨假体冠状位角度[MD＝－0.32,95%CI(－0.93,0.29),P>0.05]、术后膝关节协会功能评分(KSFS)[MD＝5.26,95%CI(－1.52,12.04),P>0.05]、术中失血量[MD ＝－17.23,95%CI(－46.43,11.97),P>0.05]及术后并发症[RR＝1.29,95%CI(0.53,3.15),P＝0.58]等方面的差异无统计学意义;在手术时间方面,导航组时间长于传统组[MD＝13.4,95%CI(9.40,16.67),P<0.01],差异有统计学意义;在术后下肢机械轴角度[MD＝－0.67,95%CI(－1.08,－0.25),P<0.01]、下肢机械轴内/外翻>3°发生数量[RR＝0.60,95%CI(0.50,0.71),P<0.01]、术后胫骨假体冠状位内/外翻角>3°发生数量[RR＝0.50,95%CI(0.28,0.90),P <0.05]、术后胫骨假体矢状位角度[MD ＝－1.26,95%CI(－1.80,－0.72),P<0.01]、胫骨假体矢状位角内/外翻>3°发生数量[RR＝0.61,95%CI(0.44,0.83),P<0.01]、术后股骨假体矢状位角度[MD＝－0.64,95%CI(－0.84,－0.44),P<0.01]、术后膝关节协会评分(KSS)[MD＝1.89,95%CI(1.10,2.68),P<0.01]、术后膝关节活动度[MD＝2.36,95%CI(0.79,3.93),P<0.01]的比较上,导航组优于传统组,差异有统计学意义。 结论计算机导航技术可提高全膝关节置换术中假体的安装精确度,改善术后膝关节活动度,有利于术后膝关节功能评价。虽然使用导航技术增加了手术时间,但是两组在术中出血量及术后并发症方面并没有明显差异。     

骨水泥与非骨水泥半髋关节置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折的Meta分析

[目的]应用Cochrane系统评价方法对半髋关节置换中骨水泥与非骨水泥假体临床疗效差异进行系统评价。[方法]计算机检索Cochrane Library,MEDLINE,Pub Med,Ovid,EMBASE,CBM,万方,VIP,CNKI等数据库,检索时间从建库至2015年5月,检索骨水泥型和非骨水泥半髋关节置换的随机对照试验文献(randomized controlled trials,RCTs),并进行Meta分析。[结果]共纳入18篇RCTs,共2 308例髋,结果显示骨水泥组手术时间长[MD=8.30,95%CI(6.86,9.74),P0.001],术中出血量多[MD=38.72,95%CI(0.11,77.32),P=0.05]。但假体并发症少[RR=0.29,95%CI(0.18,0.45),P0.00 001],术后1年大腿疼痛发生率少[OR=0.69,95%CI(0.55,0.87),P=0.002],翻修率、心脑血管并发症、死亡率、深静脉血栓形成两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]与非骨水泥组相比,骨水泥组手术时间长,术中出血量多,但假体并发症及疼痛方面有优势,且并没有增加死亡率、翻修率及深静脉血栓形成率。     

锁定钢板与双钢板内固定治疗Schatzker Ⅳ～Ⅵ型胫骨平台骨折的Meta分析

[目的]系统评价锁定钢板与双钢板内固定治疗SchatzkerⅣ^Ⅵ型胫骨平台骨折临床疗效,为临床应用提供理论依据。[方法]运用计算机检索1999年1月Ⅵ型胫骨平台骨折临床疗效,为临床应用提供理论依据。[方法]运用计算机检索1999年1月²014年1月的Pubmed、中国知网、维普期刊数据库、万方资源数据库、中国生物医学文献服务系统,搜集锁定钢板与双钢板内固定治疗SchatzkerⅣ2014年1月的Pubmed、中国知网、维普期刊数据库、万方资源数据库、中国生物医学文献服务系统,搜集锁定钢板与双钢板内固定治疗SchatzkerⅣ^Ⅵ型胫骨平台骨折临床疗效比较的对照研究。制定入选和剔除标准,筛选出符合纳入标准的文献,评价纳入研究的方法学质量。利用RevMan 5.2进行Meta分析。[结果]最终有4篇研究符合纳入标准,共289例患者,其中锁定钢板组119例,双钢板组170例。Meta分析结果显示:锁定钢板组与双钢板组的手术时间[MD=-27.44,CI(-32.34,-22.54),P<0.000 01]、骨折愈合时间[MD=-17.93,CI(-24.39,-11.47),P<0.000 01]、术后完全负重时间[MD=-18.99,CI(-27.48,-10.51),P<0.000 01]、住院时间[MD=-7.20,CI(-9.73,-4.67),P<0.000 01],差异均有统计学意义。锁定钢板组与双钢板组的膝关节功能恢复优良率[OR=1.20,CI(0.62,2.35),P=0.59]、膝关节活动范围[MD=-5.0,CI(-10.24,0.24),P=0.06],差异无统计学意义。[结论]锁定钢板内固定术的手术时间、骨折愈合时间,完全负重时间、住院时间都短于双钢板内固定术。但膝关节功能恢复优良率、膝关节活动范围,两种术式则无明显的差别。鉴于纳入研究存在选择性偏倚和测量性偏倚的高度可能性,势必影响结果的论证强度,因此尚需更多设计严谨的临床随机对照研究加以证实。     

非骨水泥型与骨水泥型胫骨平台假体在人工全膝关节置换中的中短期临床疗效比较

背景:目前,骨水泥型全膝关节置换术仍是全膝关节置换(total knee arthroplasty, TKA)的金标准,但随着假体制造工艺的提高,尤其是小梁金属在关节假体中的应用,逐渐克服了早期非骨水泥型TKA缺点,理论可获得更高的生存率,但其临床效果尚存争议。目的:比较非骨水泥钽金属一体化胫骨平台(tantalum monoblock tibial component, TMT)与骨水泥型胫骨平台在全膝关节置换中的中短期临床疗效。方法:回顾性研究2012年7月至2016年7月获得随访的440例因膝关节骨关节炎选用同系列股骨假体的TKA患者术后临床效果,其中,234例患者选用TMT,共350个膝关节;206例患者选用骨水泥型胫骨平台假体,共332个膝关节;比较分析两组术后关节活动度、KSS评分、VAS评分、WOMAC评分、SF-36评分、术后X线评价、并发症及中短期假体生存率。结果:两组术后ROM、KSS、VAS、WOMAC、SF-36等评分比较无统计学差异(P> 0.05); TMT组假体周围关节感染(periprosthetic joint infection, PJI)发生率较骨水泥组低(P=0.03),术后其他并发症及假体生存率方面两组间无统计学差异(P>0.05);末次影像学检查两组均未见>1 mm或进行性发展的透亮线,TMT组术后早期透亮线逐渐消失,展现出良好的骨长入特性;两组胫骨平台β角(胫骨假体内翻角)、δ角(胫骨假体后倾角)无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:与骨水泥型胫骨平台比较,TMT并未增加TKA术后膝关节早期功能锻炼的失败率,二者在临床效果、影像学评价等方面无统计学差异;但应用TMT的患者PJI发生率较低,并展现出良好的骨长入特性,因而理论上可获得更高的长期假体生存率。     

Unicondylar knee arthroplasty: a cementless perspective.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of cementless unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA) with those already reported in a similar study on cemented UKA. DESIGN: A case-series cross-sectional study. SETTING: The Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax. PATIENTS: Fifty-one patients who underwent a total of 57 UKAs between May 1989 and May 1997. Inclusion criteria were osteoarthritis involving the predominantly the medial compartment of the knee, relative sparing of the other compartments, less than 15 degrees of varus, minimal knee instability, and attendance at the postoperative clinical visit. INTERVENTION: Cementless UKA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical parameters that included pain, range of motion and the Knee Society Clinical Knee Score. Roentgenographic parameters that included alpha, beta, gamma and sigma angles and the presence of periprosthetic radiolucency or loose beads. RESULTS: Age, weight, gender and follow-up interval did not significantly affect the clinical results in terms of pain, range of motion or knee score. Knees with more than 1 mm of radiolucency had significantly lower knee scores than those with no radiolucency. Knees that radiologically had loose beads also had significantly lower knee scores. The clinical outcomes of cementless UKA were comparable to those already reported on cemented UKA. Cementless femurs had less radiolucency than the cemented femurs, whereas cementless tibias had more radiolucency than their cemented counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: Cementless UKA seems to be as efficacious as cemented UKA. However, there is some concern about the amount of radiolucency in the cementless tibial components. A randomized clinical trial comparing both cementless and cemented tibial components with a cementless femur (hybrid knee) is needed to further assess this controversial issue in UKA.     

Influence of operation duration on perioperative morbidity in revision total hip arthroplasty

This retrospective study investigated the impact of patient and procedure-related parameters on the complication rate following revision total hip arthroplasty. Complications included vessel and nerve damage, periprosthetic femoral fracture, wound infection, wound bleeding, prosthesis dislocations, thromboembolism, cardiac and pulmonary complications, and death. The influence of operation duration, gender, revision status, ASA classification, and type of fixation of the primary implant on the perioperative morbidity was investigated in a sample of 60 revision procedures (cemented stems, cemented or cementless cups). Odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI] were estimated with multiple regression models. Perioperative morbidity was significantly correlated to operation duration (OR = 1.03; CI: 1.00-1.05), but not to age (OR = 1.01; CI: 0.93-1.09), gender (OR = 2.66; CI: 0.50-14.05), revision status (OR = 2.34; CI: 0.54-10.05), ASA classification (OR = 1.24; CI: 0.30-5.18), or type of fixation of the primary implant (OR = 2.49; CI: 0.47-13.17) Duration of the revision operation appeared as a predictive parameter for perioperative morbidity in revision total hip arthroplasty in our study group.     

Similar polyethylene wear between cemented and cementless Oxford medial UKA: a 5-year follow-up randomized controlled trial on 79 patients using radiostereometry

Background and purpose — Hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated implants have been associated with high polyethylene wear in hip arthroplasties. HA coating as a promoter of wear in knee arthroplasties has not been investigated. We compared the wear-rate of the polyethylene bearing for cemented and cementless HA-coated Oxford medial unicondylar knee arthroplasties (UKA). Secondarily, we investigated whether wear-rates were influenced by overhang or impingement of the bearing.

Patients and methods — 80 patients (mean age 64 years), treatment-blinded, were randomized to 1 of 3 Oxford medial UKA versions: cemented with double-pegged or single-pegged femoral component or cementless HA-coated with double-pegged femoral component (ratios 1:1:1). We compared wear between the cemented (n = 55) and cementless group (n = 25) (ratio 2:1). Wear, impingement, and overhang were quantified between surgery and 5-year follow-up using radiostereometry. Clinical outcome was evaluated with the Oxford Knee Score.

Results — The mean wear-rate for patients without bearing overhang was 0.04?mm/year (95% CI 0.02–0.07) for the cemented group and 0.05?mm/year (CI 0.02–0.08) for the cementless group. The mean difference in wear was 0.008?mm/year (CI –0.04 to 0.03). No impingement was identified. Half of the patients had medial bearing overhang, mean 2.5?mm (1–5). Wear increased by 0.014?mm/year for each mm increment in overhang. The mean Oxford Knee Score was 39 for the cementless group and 38 for the cemented group at the 5-year follow-up.

Interpretation — The wear-rates were similar for the 2 fixation methods, which supports further use of the cementless Oxford medial UKA. However, a caveat is a relatively large 95% CI of the mean difference in wear-rate. Component size and position is important as half of the patients presented with an additional increase in wear-rate due to medial bearing overhang.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00679120.     

A randomised controlled trial of cemented versus cementless press-fit condylar total knee replacement: 15-year survival analysis

We report the long-term survival of a prospective randomised consecutive series of 501 primary knee replacements using the press-fit condylar posterior cruciate ligament-retaining prosthesis. Patients received either cemented (219 patients, 277 implants) or cementless (177 patients, 224 implants) fixation. Altogether, 44 of 501 knees (8.8%) underwent revision surgery (24 cemented vs 20 cementless). For cemented knees the 15-year survival rate was 80.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 71.5 to 87.4) and for cementless knees it was 75.3% (95% CI 63.5 to 84.3). There was no significant difference between the two groups (cemented vs cementless; hazard ratio (HR) 0.83, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.52, p = 0.55). When comparing the covariates there was no significant difference in the rates of survival between the side of operation (HR 0.58, p = 0.07), age (HR 0.97, p = 0.10) and diagnosis (HR 1.25 p = 0.72). However, there was a significant gender difference, with males having a higher failure rate with cemented fixation (HR 2.48, p = 0.004). Females had a similar failure rate in both groups. This single-surgeon series, with no loss to follow-up, provides reliable data of the revision rates of one of the most commonly-used total knee replacements. The survival of the press-fit condylar total knee replacement remained good at 15 years, irrespective of the method of fixation.     

切开与关节镜下Latarjet手术治疗肩关节前方不稳定疗效的Meta分析

目的通过Meta分析比较切开与关节镜下Latarjet手术治疗肩关节前方不稳定的临床疗效差异。 方法检索包括国内、外1954年1月至2018年1月已发表的临床对照研究。所检索的数据库包括Embase、Pubmed、Central、Cinahl、PQDT（ProQuest Dissertations and Theses）、中国知网、维普、万方、Cochrane Library、CBM （China Biology Medicine）等数据库。中文检索的关键词为切开、开放、关节镜、Latarjet,检索策略为Latarjet并且切开或关节镜或开放。英文检索的关键词为Open、Arthroscopy、Latarjet,检索策略为Latarjet AND Open OR Arthroscopic。提取数据后,采用Review Manager 5.3软件进行数据分析,比较关节镜下与开放式Latarjet手术间的疗效差异。 结果依据以上检索策略,共检索到相关文献887篇,并最终纳入7篇外文文献。通过比较发现,在Latarjet手术治疗肩关节前方不稳定时,开放式组术后Rowe评分优于关节镜下组[95% CI, （0.03, 3.25）, P=0.05],而且开放式组术后骨块移位情况[95% CI（0.12, 0.88）, P=0.03]及患者焦虑程度[95% CI（0.20, 0.75）, P=0.005]均少于关节镜下组,其差异具有统计学意义。其余结局指标术后Walch-Duplay评分[95% CI（-9.57, 10.65）, P=0.92];术后肩关节活动度[95% CI（-2.32, 7.64）, P=0.30];术中及术后各种并发症发生率[95% CI（0.42, 3.39）, P=0.74]、[95% CI（0.14, 2.49）, P=0.48]、[95% CI（0.77, 14.09）, P=0.11]、[95% CI（0.46, 4.89）, P=0.51]、[95% CI（0.12, 0.88）, P=0.03]、[95% CI（0.12, 7.22）, P=0.94] ;术后复发率[95% CI（0.21, 3.56）, P=0.85];术后视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS） [95% CI（-0.25, 2.92）, P=0.10];手术所需时间[95% CI（-70.10, 11.81）, P=0.10]两组间差异均无统计学意义。 结论开放式与关节镜下Latarjet手术治疗肩关节前方不稳定均能取得良好的治疗效果,且并发症及复发率相当。虽然开放式组在术后Rowe评分、术后骨块移位情况和患者焦虑程度三个指标上均优于关节镜下组,但是关节镜手术仍不失为是一种安全可行的治疗选择。     

骨水泥与非骨水泥股骨柄在初次全髋关节置换术后疗效的Meta分析

目的：系统评价骨水泥与非骨水泥股骨柄在初次全髋关节置换术后的疗效。方法计算机检索PubMed、EMBASE、OVID、Highwire、SpringerLink、ScienceDirect、Cochrane 图书馆、中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库文献及手工检索相关文献,收集有关骨水泥与非骨水泥股骨柄在初次全髋关节置换术的随机对照试验,根据考克兰协作组织标准评价纳入试验质量,用Revman5.2软件进行Meta分析。结果纳入11篇文献,共1651例患者,骨水泥髋801例、非骨水泥髋850例。 Meta分析结果示：不限年龄和随访年限,术后翻修率骨水泥固定和非骨水泥固定差异无统计学意义[ OR＝3.20,95％CI （0.72,14.22）, P＞0.05],5年以内随访术后翻修率两种固定方式差异无统计学意义[OR＝0.41,95％CI （0.15,1.16）, P＞0.05],5年以上随访术后翻修率骨水泥固定较非水泥固定股骨柄高,差异有统计学意义[OR＝5.92,95％CI （2.68,13.07）, P＜0.01],术后大腿痛发生率骨水泥固定较非骨水泥固定低,差异有统计学意义[OR＝0.51,95％CI （0.28,0.94）, P＜0.05],术后Harris评分[MD ＝0.6,95％CI （-0.79,1.99）, P＞0.05],松动率[OR ＝1.31,95％CI （0.27,6.30）, P＞0.05]、骨折发生率[OR＝0.91,95％CI （0.3,2.7）, P＞0.05]、感染率[OR＝2.46,95％CI （0.7,8.58）, P＞0.05]、异位骨化发生率[OR＝0.91,95％CI （0.63,1.33）, P＞0.05]和脱位率[OR＝3.11,95％CI （0.6,16.10）, P＞0.05]二者差异无统计学差异。结论骨水泥与非骨水泥固定股骨柄在初次全髋关节置换术后均有满意的效果,非骨水泥固定股骨柄5年以上稳定性较骨水泥好,但术后大腿痛的发生率较骨水泥固定柄高。     

The 22 to 25-Year Survival of Cemented and Cementless Total Knee Arthroplasty in Young Patients

BackgroundDespite cementless total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) have potential advantages over cemented TKAs, there are conflicting results. The purpose of the present study is to determine the long-term clinical and radiographic results, the survival rate, and the prevalence of osteolysis of cemented vs cementless TKAs.MethodsA total of 261 patients (522 knees) who underwent bilateral simultaneous TKAs were included in the present study (mean age, 62.5 ± 5.5 years). Patients were evaluated clinically, radiographically, and also using computed tomography scans. A mean follow-up period was 23.8 years (range, 22-25 years).ResultsThere were no significant differences between the Knee Society total score, change in total score, knee function score, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score in the 2 groups. In total, 8 knees (3%) were revised in the cementless group and 5 knees (2%) in the cemented group. Radiographs and computed tomography scans showed no femoral, tibial, or patellar osteolysis in either group. The rate of survival at 25 years was 97% (95% confidence interval [CI], 92%-100%) in the cementless group and 98% (95% CI, 94%-100%) in the cemented group, with reoperation for any reason as the end point. The rate of survival at 25 years was 98% (95% CI, 94%-100%), with reoperation for aseptic loosening as the end point in both groups.ConclusionsAt this length of follow-up, cementless TKA has comparable outcomes and survivorship to cemented TKA.     

Cemented Total Knee Arthroplasty Shows Less Blood Loss but a Higher Rate of Aseptic Loosening Compared With Cementless Fixation: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Comparative Studies

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to update the current evidence on functional outcomes, complications, and reoperation rates between cemented and cementless total knee arthroplasty (TKA) by evaluating comparative studies published over the past 15 years.MethodsThe PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central databases were used to search keywords and a total of 18 studies were included. Random and fixed effect models were used for the meta-analysis of pooled mean differences (MDs) and odds ratios (ORs).ResultsA total of 5,222 patients were identified with a mean age of 64.4 ± 9.4 and 63 ± 8.6 years for the cemented and cementless TKA groups, respectively. The mean follow-up was 107.9 ± 30 and 104.3 ± 10 months for the cemented and cementless TKA groups, respectively. Cemented TKA showed a significantly greater postoperative Knee Society Score (MD = ?0.95, 95% CI [?1.57, 0.33], P = .003) and range of motion (MD = ?1.09, 95% CI [?1.88, ?0.29], P = .0007), but no differences in other outcome scores were found. The incidence of periprosthetic joint infection, radiolucent lines, instability, and polyethylene wear was also comparable. Cemented TKA showed less perioperative blood loss (SMD = ?438.41, 95% CI [?541.69, ?35.14], P < .0001) but a higher rate of manipulation under anesthesia (OR = 3.39, 95% CI [1.64, 6.99], P = .001) and aseptic loosening (OR = 1.62, 95% CI [1.09, 2.41], P = .02) than cementless TKA. No differences were found in terms of the reoperation rate.ConclusionWhen cemented and cementless fixations are compared in primary TKA, comparable functional outcomes and reoperation rates can be achieved. Cemented TKA showed less blood loss but a higher rate of manipulation under anesthesia and aseptic loosening.     

No Difference Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty for Medial Knee Osteoarthritis With or Without Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

BackgroundA functional intact anterior cruciate ligament (ACLI) is considered to be a prerequisite for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). However, UKA has been shown to have good clinical efficacy in ACL-deficient (ACLD) knees at 3 to 10 years follow-up. Therefore, the role of ACLD in UKA remains controversial, and more evidence is needed to clarify the role of ACLD in UKA.MethodsPubMed, the Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central were queried for articles comparing the results of the ACLD and ACLI groups after UKA. Outcomes of interest included the Tegner Activity Scale, the Oxford Knee Score (OKS), postoperative slope of the implant (PSI), the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score (KOOS), the Lysholm score, and revision rate. There were eight studies included. The mean age was 66 years (range 49 to 87 year old) and the mean follow-up time was 6.9 years (range 1.3 to 16.6 years). There was baseline comparability regarding mean age, duration of follow-up, and body mass index (P > .5) between the ACLD and ACLI groups.ResultsThe ACLD and ACLI groups had improved postoperative functional indicators, and that postoperative revision rate (mean difference [MD], 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75 to 2.04; P = .4), Tegner score (MD, ?0.1; 95% CI, ?0.26 to 0.05; P = .19), and Lysholm score (95% CI, ?2.46 to 7.32; P = .33) were similar between the groups, with no significant differences; however, the ACLD groups had significantly better KOOS Activities of Daily Living scores, with a significant difference (MD, 4.53; 95% CI, 1.75 to 7.3; P = .001). Also, there were no significant differences between two groups in the PSI, OKS, KOOS.ConclusionACL deficiency is not always a contraindication for UKA. With correct patient selection, UKA could be considered for medial knee osteoarthritis with ACL deficiency without antero-posterior instability, especially these people over 60 years of age.     

The Interaction of Caseload and Usage in Determining Outcomes of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: A Meta-Analysis

Background

Outcomes after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) are variable and influenced by caseload (UKA/y) and usage (percentage of knee arthroplasty that are UKA), which relates to indications. This meta-analysis assesses the relative importance of these factors.