重组腺病毒rAdCDglyES治疗宫颈癌的体外实验研究

目的:构建含CDglyES融合基因的重组腺病毒,并观察其在体外对宫颈癌细胞的直接抑瘤作用和对血管内皮细胞的抑制作用。方法:用PCR方法扩增CD基因和glyES基因片段,构建成腺病毒穿梭质粒pAdCDglyES。用细菌内同源重组方法与腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy-1重组构建出重组腺病毒质粒prAdCDglyES。经脂质体介导转染293细胞,进而扩增获取重组腺病毒rAdCDglyES。用MTT法检测rAdCDglyES/5-FC系统对宫颈癌细胞株HeLa细胞的生长抑制率及其表达产物对脐静脉血管内皮细胞ECV-304增殖的影响。结果:纯化的rAdCDglyES滴度为1×1013.3TCID50/L,对HeLa细胞的生长抑制率达(84.1±7.3)%,高于对照rAd-LacZ/5-FC系统的(23.1±14.1)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。浓缩的转染了rAdCDglyES的细胞培养上清液对ECV-304细胞增殖的抑制率为(77.7±1.8)%,高于同样浓缩的转染rAd-CD细胞培养上清液抑制率的(22.9±9.7)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:rAdCDglyES在体外对宫颈癌具有直接和间接抑瘤作用。     

含胞嘧啶脱氨酶基因重组腺病毒体内抑瘤作用的研究

目的：构建含胞嘧啶脱氨酶基因（CD基因）重组腺病毒AdE1CMVCD，用自杀基因治疗系统AdE1CMVCD/5-氟胞嘧啶（5－FC）对小鼠肺腺癌进行体内抑瘤作用的实验研究，方法：建立T739小鼠肺腺癌荷瘤模型，瘤体内导入AdE1CMVCD,腹腔注射5－FC，观察各组小鼠瘤体和生存期差异以及瘤体组织切片病理变化，结果：从实验中观察到AdE1CMVCD/5-FC系统对小鼠肺腺癌有明显的抑制生长作用，与对照组荷瘤小鼠相比，治疗组荷瘤小鼠生存期明显延长，结论：AE1CMVCD与5－FC联合在体内对肺癌有明显的抑制作用。为临床肺癌基因治疗提供了可靠的理论及应用依据。     

腺病毒为载体的HSV1-TK基因对肿瘤细胞系抑制作用的研究

目的：用E1区缺失的含HSV1－TK基因和CMV启动子的重组腺病毒AdE1CMVHSV1-TK(AdTK)前体药物GCV即AdTK/GCV系统，观察其在体外对PG49、H460、MCF－7、Hela 4种建株肿瘤细胞系的抑制作用、旁杀伤效应和AdTK/GCV系统处理的肿瘤细胞培养上清液对肿瘤细胞的杀伤效应。方法：采用MTT法测定细胞生长抑制率，AdLacZ作为对照病毒。结果：细胞生长抑制率随重组病毒的浓度、前体药物的浓度及作用时间的增加而升高，而对照病毒则没有显示出对肿瘤细胞明显的抑制作用。旁杀伤效应显示，细胞抑制率随导入AdTK病毒的肿瘤细胞比例的增加而升高。另外肿瘤细胞呈现出上清液浓度依赖性抑制，其生长抑制率随上清液浓度的增加而升高。结论：AdTK/GCV系统对4种肿瘤细胞系有明显的抑制作用及旁杀伤效应。     

婴儿双歧杆菌介导的双自杀基因CD/UPRT对鼠黑色素瘤细胞的杀伤效应

目的探讨尿嘧啶磷酸核糖转移酶(UPRT)基因对胞嘧啶脱氨酶/5-氟胞嘧啶(CD/5-FC)自杀基因系统抗瘤作用的增强效应。方法PCR扩增大肠杆菌UPRT基因,构建原核表达质粒pGEX-UPRT;以电穿孔法将该质粒转入婴儿双歧杆菌,筛选阳性重组菌并鉴定;采用MTT法检测表达的UPRT可否与CD产生抗瘤协同作用。结果重组婴儿双歧杆菌可以正确表达UPRT。体外MTT检测显示CD UPRT组细胞存活率明显低于对照组(P<0.01),且可使B16-F10鼠黑色素瘤细胞对5-FC杀伤敏感性(IC50=0.015μmol.ml-1)显著提高,是CD组(IC50=0.127μmol.ml-1)的8.5倍。结论婴儿双歧杆菌联合转导UP-RT基因可显著增强CD/5-FC自杀基因系统对鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16-F10的杀伤作用。     

靶向性抗肿瘤融合基因RGD-IL-24重组腺病毒的构建及鉴定

目的：构建靶向性抗肿瘤融合基因RGD-IL-24的重组腺病毒载体,转染乳腺癌MCF-7细胞观察其感染,并对其体外抗肿瘤效应和肿瘤靶向性进行初步研究。方法：利用PCR技术将GRGDS序列融合至IL-24的N端,克隆至pAdTrack-CMV质粒上。经PmeI线性化后与腺病毒骨架pAdEasy-1共转化大肠杆菌BJ5183,通过细菌内同源重组获得重组腺病毒载体pAdEasy/RGD-IL-24。重组腺病毒载体经PacI线性化后转染293细胞,包装出重组腺病毒Ad.RGD-IL-24。PCR方法鉴定重组腺病毒,TCID50测定病毒滴度,MTT法和形态学分析Ad.RGD-IL-24诱导MCF-7乳腺癌细胞凋亡的活性,细胞黏附实验评价其肿瘤靶向性。结果：成功构建腺病毒载体,腺病毒滴度达1.3×109pfu/mL。Ad.RGD-IL-24诱导乳腺癌MCF-7细胞凋亡,显著抑制其生长,并具有肿瘤靶向性。结论：成功构建了有较强感染能力和肿瘤靶向性的重组RGD-IL-24腺病毒载体。     

胞嘧啶脱氨酶基因与前体药物5-氟胞嘧啶联合应用对人乳腺癌裸鼠模型的实验治疗

探讨胞嘧啶脱氨酶（CD）基因与前体药物5-氟胞嘧啶（5-FC）对人乳腺癌裸鼠移植瘤的抗肿瘤作用. 应用细胞克隆形成实验及裸鼠移植瘤模型研究CD/5-FC体系的抗肿瘤作用. 5-FC 0.5和1.0 g·L^-1对转基因人乳腺癌细胞的克隆形成抑制率分别为90%和95%,显著高于未转基因的人乳腺癌细胞;5-FC (0.5 g·kg^-1·d^-1 ip, 14 d)治疗组的转基因人乳腺癌裸鼠移植瘤的瘤重和生长速度均显著低于未转基因的移植瘤. 结果表明CD/5-FC体系对人乳腺癌裸鼠移植瘤有显著的的抗肿瘤作用.     

腺病毒介导mIFN-β基因转染的小鼠黑色素瘤细胞体内致瘤性及抗肿瘤作用的实验研究

目的　研究腺病毒 (adenovirus,Ad)介导mIFN β基因转染的B16小鼠黑色素瘤细胞的体内致瘤性及抗肿瘤作用。方法　用携带mIFN β基因的重组腺病毒载体体外转染B16细胞 ,将该细胞接种于小鼠 ,观察其在小鼠体内的致瘤性及对野生型B16细胞的致瘤性有无影响。结果　经腺病毒介导 ,mIFN β基因成功地导入B16细胞并获得有效表达 ;转mIFN β基因的B16细胞的体内致瘤性明显降低 ,并能抑制对侧野生型B16细胞的致瘤性。结论　该研究结果提示利用腺病毒载体携带IFN β基因来开发瘤苗治疗肿瘤具有良好的应用前景。目的　研究腺病毒 (adenovirus,Ad)介导mIFN β基因转染的B16小鼠黑色素瘤细胞的体内致瘤性及抗肿瘤作用。方法　用携带mIFN β基因的重组腺病毒载体体外转染B16细胞 ,将该细胞接种于小鼠 ,观察其在小鼠体内的致瘤性及对野生型B16细胞的致瘤性有无影响。结果　经腺病毒介导 ,mIFN β基因成功地导入B16细胞并获得有效表达 ;转mIFN β基因的B16细胞的体内致瘤性明显降低 ,并能抑制对侧野生型B16细胞的致瘤性。结论　该研究结果提示利用腺病毒载体携带IFN β基因来开发瘤苗治疗肿瘤具有良好的应用前景。     

5-FC诱导胞嘧啶脱氨酶基因修饰的胰腺癌细胞凋亡的研究(英文)

目的:探讨5-氟胞嘧啶(5-FC)对CD基因修饰的胰腺癌细胞凋亡的影响及特征。方法:以腺病毒介导的CD基因转染胰腺癌SW1990细胞,以Western blot检测基因蛋白表达,通过细胞形态学、DNA凝胶电泳和流式细胞术观察5-FC对表达CD基因的SW1990细胞凋亡的影响作用。结果:以含CD基因的重组腺病毒转染的SW1990细胞,给予5-FC(100μmol·L~(-1)),培养48h,细胞出现典型的凋亡形态、DNA梯带改变及凋亡峰,细胞在G_1、S和G_2/M各期分别为64％、11％和7％,凋亡率达34.6％。结论:5-FC的上述诱导凋亡作用可能是胰腺癌CD基因疗法的重要机制。     

携带Kringle 5基因重组腺病毒的构建及其对荷肺癌小鼠生存期的作用

目的：构建携带人纤溶酶原Kringle 5（K5）基因重组腺病毒并观察其在小鼠肺癌细胞中的表达和对荷TC-1瘤小鼠的生存期的影响。方法：构建携带人纤溶酶原K5基因表达框的腺病毒载体Ad-EF1α-K5，用RT-PCR法检测腺病毒感染TC-1细胞后K5 mRNA的表达，用免疫沉淀和Western bloting法检测腺病毒感染TC-1细胞后K5蛋白的表达。建立荷TC-1小鼠肺癌C57BL／6小鼠模型，观察重组腺病毒对荷瘤小鼠生存期的影响。取肿瘤组织做免疫组织化学染色并计数微血管密度。结果：携带K5基因的人V型腺病毒能有效感染小鼠肺癌TC-1细胞，在转录和翻译水平进行表达，能有效延长荷瘤鼠的生存期并降低肿瘤微血管密度。结论：腺病毒可作为便捷的载体携带K5基因感染肿瘤细胞，分泌表达K5蛋白，延长荷瘤小鼠生存期，可能与其通过抑制肿瘤区血管生成、遏制肿瘤区血供有关。     

托盘根乙醇提取物的抗肿瘤抗转移作用研究

目的：观察托盘根乙醇提取物（ERC）对肿瘤生长的影响。方法：用MTT法观察ERC体外对人肿瘤SPC－A－1细胞的影响，体内抑瘤实验观察ERC对Lewis肿瘤的作用。结果：ERC体外明显抑制SPC－A－1细胞的生长，体内明显抑制Lewis癌块增大，减少Lewis肺转移结节数，增强小鼠对Lewis肺癌的相伴免疫反应。结论：ERC对肺癌细胞系有明显抗肿瘤作用。     

Antitumor effect of cytosine deaminase／5-fluorocytosine suicide gene therapy system mediated by Bifidobacterium infantis on melanoma

Aim: To construct a Bifidobacterium infantis/CD targeting gene therapy system and observe the antitumor effect of cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine (CD/5-FC) suicide gene therapy system mediated by Bifidobacterium infantis on melanoma in vitro and in vivo. Methods: A recombinant CD/pGEX-1 LamdaT plasmid was transfected into Bifidobacterium infantis by electroporation. Bifidobacterium infantis transfected by recombinant CD/pGEX-1LamdaT plasmid was incubated with 5-FC anaerobically. Then the supernatant fluid was collected and added to melanoma B 16-F10 cells to observe the killing effect for B 16-F10 cells.Mice were inoculated with melanoma B 16-F10 cells to establish animal models.The mice were then injected with 5-FC and Bifidobacterium infantis transfected by recombinant CD/pGEX-1LamdaT plasmid. Results:Two segments of approximate 4.9kb and 1.3 kb were extracted from the 6.2 kb recombinant plasmid, which were equal to the size of the pGEX-1LamdaT plasmid and CD gene, respectively.Sequencing results showed that the full length and sequence of nucleotide acid of the inserted gene in extracted recombinant plasmid was completely identical to the CD gene. In vitro, B 16-F10 cells treated by supernatant fluid were remarkably damaged morphologically, and the cell growth was significantly inhibited. Experiments on the mice melanoma model showed that after treatment with a combination of transfected Bifidobacterium infantis and 5-FC, the tumor volume was significantly inhibited compared with controls. Conclusion: The foreign gene,CD gene, was correctly inserted into pGEX-1LambdaT plasmid and transferred into Bifidobacterium infantis. CD/5-FC suicide gene therapy system mediated by Bifidobacterium infantis demonstrated a good antitumor effect on melanoma in vitro and in vivo.     

Antitumor effect of substituted quinolines in breast cancer cells

Cancer is caused in part by the disruption in cell homeostasis, affecting the ability to respond to extracellular signals, triggering some intracellular events that affect gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC). Cancer cells have reduced or altered GJIC capacity. One feasible approach to reduce growth of cancer cells is to enhance/alter the GJIC. The capability of cells to communicate through the gap junction is negatively related to their growth activity. A computational docking study showed that a new class of substituted quinolines designated as PQs had a relatively high binding to gap junction protein, connexin 43. Thus, PQs were used in this study to assess their effect on human breast cancer cells. Scrape load/dye transfer and colony growth assays were performed to measure GJIC and determine the effect of the PQ compounds on colony formation in human normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells, respectively. PQs had a significant antitumor effect in human breast cancer cells compared with control without treatment or normal mammary epithelial cells. PQ1 (200 nM) showed a 30% increase in the GJIC in T47D cells; however, there was no effect of PQ treatment on GJIC in normal mammary epithelial cells. In addition to an increase in GJIC, 80–95% growth attenuation was observed by PQ1 in colony growth assay. Moreover, an increase in caspase 3 with PQ‐treated cells was observed, suggesting a possible involvement in apoptosis. PQ1‐treated animals showed a significant decrease in xenograft tumor growth of T47D cells in nude mice compared with control or tamoxifen‐treated animals. The results show that PQ1 has a promising role in exerting antitumor activity in human breast cancer cells. Treatment with PQ1 in T47D cells caused an increase in GJIC activity and active caspase 3, and a decrease in colony growth and cell viability. Drug Dev Res 69:526–534, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

凡德他尼衍生物的抗肿瘤活性筛选研究

目的对合成的一系列凡德他尼衍生物进行体内外抗肿瘤活性的筛选,为寻找低毒高效的新型酪氨酸激酶抑制剂研究提供依据。方法体外筛选采用均相时间分辨荧光(HTRF)法和磺酰罗丹明B(SRB)法分别进行激酶和细胞的筛选;采用经典的急性毒性实验方法,并建立移植人非小细胞肺癌H1975裸鼠模型评价其抗肿瘤活性。结果 HTRF结果显示有6个活性较好的化合物(TY8115、TY8119、TY8122、TY8128、TY8129、TY8131),其中TY8115对VEGFR-2和EGFR抑制作用均好于凡德他尼;SRB结果显示这些活性化合物对选用的3种靶细胞(A431、H1975、A549)均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中TY8115的肿瘤细胞增殖抑制作用最明显,且对非靶细胞(MDA-MB-231)生长影响很小;急性毒性实验结果显示TY8115没有表现出毒性反应;体内抗肿瘤活性研究结果显示TY8115对肺癌H1975具有疗效,75、150 mg/kg TY8115对H1975的相对肿瘤增殖率分别为54.44%、39.54%。结论化合物TY8115具有良好的抗肿瘤活性,并且毒副作用小,具有发展成为一种新型酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的潜力。     

Antitumor effect of kazusamycin B on experimental tumors

Kazusamycin B, a novel antibiotic (MW 542) isolated from fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. No. 81-484 showed a broad antitumor spectrum both in vitro and in vivo. IC50 against the growth of tumor cells was around 1 ng/ml at 72 hours-exposure in vitro. Intraperitoneal injection of the antibiotic was effective in inhibiting the growth of murine tumors, S180, P388, EL-4, and B16. It was also active against doxorubicin-resistant P388, hepatic metastases of L5178Y-ML, pulmonary metastases of 3LL, and human mammary cancer MX-1 xenografted to nude mice. However, the activity of kazusamycin B toward L1210 or human lung cancer LX-1 was weaker. According to the results of comparative studies on the effect of kazusamycins B and A, an analog of B, there seemed to be no significant difference in their effectiveness. The effective dose range and toxicity were markedly dependent on tumor lines tested and the regimen used. Maximum tolerated dose in mice with subcutaneous tumors was much higher than that in mice bearing ascitic leukemia as P388. Although intermittent administration could greatly reduce the cumulative toxicity of the drug, therapeutic effect was similar with both successive and intermittent administration schedules.     

菲并咪唑衍生物的体外抗肿瘤活性及其对斑马鱼胚胎发育的毒性效应研究

目的 设计合成菲并咪唑衍生物L271,并研究其外抗肿瘤活性,及其对斑马鱼胚胎发育的毒性效应.方法 以1,10-邻菲啰啉-5,6-二酮和2-甲基苯甲醛为原料,运用微波辅助合成技术制备了菲并咪唑衍生L271.采用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法研究菲并咪唑衍生物L271对人宫颈癌细胞Hela和人肺腺癌细胞A549在体外生长的抑制作用.以斑马鱼为模型,研究L271对斑马鱼胚胎发育的形态、孵化率、死亡率和畸形率的影响,评价L271对斑马鱼胚胎发育的毒性效应.结果 经电喷雾质谱技术(ESI-MS)表征确证成功合成了目标化合物L271.新合成的菲并咪唑衍生物L271对人宫颈癌细胞Hela和人肺腺癌细胞A549均有增殖抑制作用,尤其对人宫颈癌细胞Hela的IC50值达到(8.38±0.09)μmol/L,与同等条件下吡柔比星的抗肿瘤活性相当[IC50=(6.97±0.07)μmol/L].与对照组相比,L271浓度≥15μmol/L暴露组能够引起斑马鱼出现尾鳍萎缩、脊柱弯曲、卵黄囊水肿和心包囊水肿等畸形现象;L271浓度≥30μmol/L可显著降低斑马鱼的孵化率和提高死亡率(P＜0.05);在48、72、96 hpf时,L271对斑马鱼胚胎半致死浓度LC5o分别是37.331μmol/L(95％CI:35.535-39.301)、34.911μmol/L(95％CI:33.213-36.729)、30.283μmol/L(95％CI:29.590-30.980);在L271浓度≥15μmol/L时,随着L271浓度的逐渐增加,各暴露组正常胚胎百分率渐下降,胚胎死亡率逐渐上升,而胚胎畸形率先升后降.结论 L271对人宫颈癌细胞Hela具有良好的抗肿瘤活性,且与吡柔比星的相当;L271浓度≤10μmol/L对斑马鱼胚胎发育无明显毒性效应.     

Absence of tumor growth stimulation in a panel of 16 human tumor cell lines by mistletoe extracts in vitro

Extracts of Viscum album (mistletoe) are widely used as complementary cancer therapies in Europe. The mistletoe lectins have been identified as the main active principle of mistletoe extracts. They have been shown to exhibit cytotoxic effects as well as immunomodulatory activities. The latter is exemplified by induction of cytokine secretion and increased activity of natural killer cells. Recent reports, however, indicated possible tumor growth stimulation by mistletoe extracts. Therefore, the three aqueous mistletoe extracts (Iscador M special, Iscador Qu special and Iscador P) were evaluated for antiproliferative and/or stimulatory effects in a panel of 16 human tumor cell lines in vitro using a cellular proliferation assay. The results show no evidence of stimulation of tumor growth by any of the three Iscador preparations, comprising central nervous system, gastric, non-small cell lung, mammary, prostate, renal and uterine cancer cell lines, as well as cell lines from hematological malignancies and melanomas. On the contrary, Iscador preparations containing a high lectin concentration (Iscador M special and Iscador Qu special) showed antitumor activity in the mammary cancer cell line MAXF 401NL at the 15 microg/ml dose level with a more than 70% growth inhibition compared to untreated control cells. In addition, a slight antitumor activity (growth inhibition 30-70%) was found in three tumor cell lines for Iscador M special and in seven tumor cell lines for Iscador Qu special, respectively. Iscador P, which contains no mistletoe lectin I, showed no antiproliferative activity.     

台湾金线莲多糖的分离纯化及其体外抑瘤活性研究

目的研究台湾金线莲(Anoectochilus formosanus)的水溶性多糖(AFP)分离纯化条件,检测单一组分多糖的细胞活性及其结构。方法采用DEAE-Cellulose Fast Flow阴离子交换色谱和Sephadex G-200分离AFP,得到AFP-1和AFP-2两个水溶性单一多糖组分;采用红外光谱检测结构;检测AFP、AFP-1和AFP-2对SMMC-7721肝癌细胞,Hela宫颈癌细胞,spc-A1肺腺癌细胞和Bcap37人乳癌细胞进行细胞杀伤活性。结果AFP-1和AFP-2均为β-D型的吡喃糖环。AFP、AFP-1和AFP-2对癌细胞均具有较好的杀伤作用。结论台湾金线莲多糖(AFP、AFP-1和AFP-2)是非常有前景的抗肿瘤药物或辅助抗肿瘤药物。     

槐果碱和氧化槐果碱抗肿瘤药理作用的研究进展

经体外实验发现,槐果碱能浓度相关地抑制肝癌细胞(HepG2、9711、SMMC-7721、HCC-LM3、MHCC-97H)、大肠癌(SW480、LS174t、SW620、HCT-116)以及食管癌EC109、胃癌BGC823、白血病(K562、HL-60)、淋巴瘤U937、肺癌A549、神经胶质瘤C6、卵巢癌(SKOV3、PM-2)等细胞的增殖。氧化槐果碱可抑制HepG2、SW480、LS174t、BGC823、C6、乳腺癌MCF-7等细胞的增殖。整体实验结果发现,槐果碱能抑制HCC-LM3、肉瘤W256、S37、S180、EAC、Lio 1、白血病615(L615)、宫颈癌14(U14)等细胞移植瘤在小鼠或大鼠体内的生长。临床上槐果碱还可用于治疗恶性葡萄胎。文中综述槐果碱和氧化槐果碱抗肿瘤细胞作用的文献,并对其研究进展做了分析。