宣州市已婚育龄妇女避孕知识状况及其影响因素分析

目的 :了解已婚育龄妇女对避孕知识的掌握程度。方法 :对 70 7例 2 0～ 40岁已婚育龄妇女的避孕知识状况及其影响因素进行了分析。结果 :(1 )大部分对象的避孕知识得分在2 0～ 6 0分之间 ,约占 70 %。得分在 80分以上的对象仅占 1 .6 %。在听说过的各种避孕方法中 ,宫内节育器位居首位 (99.7% ) ,其次是避孕套 (97.2 % )和口服避孕药 (96 .6 % )。(2 )研究对象获得避孕知识的首要途径是书籍和手册 (50 .1 % ) ,其次是咨询医务人员(39.9% )。 (3)影响避孕知识得分的因素包括职业、文化程度、家庭收入、避孕知情选择的知识和态度等     

开展避孕节育优质服务对农村育龄妇女人工流产状况的影响

目的:了解开展避孕节育优质服务后,甘肃省农村已婚育龄妇女人工流产状况的变化。方法:从甘肃省永靖县、临泽县随机选择6个乡镇育龄妇女分为干预组和对照组进行基线调查,于2002年1月起对干预组育龄妇女进行“避孕节育知情选择和计划生育优质服务”系列宣传、教育、培训。终期调查于2004年3月干预措施结束时进行。结果:甘肃省农村已婚育龄妇女在基线和终期调查中,干预组人工流产率分别为4.27%和2.91%,对照组分别为4.04%和3.49%。终期调查干预组不同社会特征育龄妇女人工流产率与对照组比较均无统计学意义,且均低于基线调查时结果。干预组中接受避孕知识宣传材料或培训活动超过3次的育龄妇女,其人工流产率低于对照组。Logistic多元回归结果显示,对紧急避孕知识缺乏了解,文化程度高且理想子女数多者易发生人工流产。结论:开展及加强“避孕节育知情选择”,有利于降低农村已婚育龄妇女的人工流产率,提高生殖健康的水平,维护其身心健康;应进一步加大计划生育优质服务的力度,正确引导农村育龄妇女的避孕行为,降低人工流产率。     

农村已婚育龄妇女避孕节育的灰色关联综合分析

目的:评估我国不同农村地区已婚育龄妇女避孕节育情况。方法:利用灰色关联分析方法,基于已获得的调查数据,结合文献研究与专家问卷,确定评价指标,并计算综合得分。结果:①避孕节育综合评价涵盖3个方面,其内容及权重依次为知情选择与避孕落实(0.4)、人工流产与并发症(0.31)、避孕知识(0.28);②中、西区域各地区"避孕知识"及"知情选择"得分普遍偏低;③综合评价结果中、西部没有差别,但与东部相差悬殊。结论:在本次调查的8个省农村地区中,东部地区已婚育龄妇女避孕节育水平明显高于中、西部。灰色关联综合分析法适于综合评价我国不同地区的计划生育服务质量。     

开展避孕节育优质服务对农村育龄妇女人工流状况的影响

目的了解开展避孕节育优质服务后,甘肃省农村已婚育龄妇女人工流产状况的变化.方法从甘肃省永靖县、临泽县随机选择6个乡镇育龄妇女分为干预组和对照组进行基线调查,于2002年1月起对干预组育龄妇女进行"避孕节育知情选择和计划生育优质服务"系列宣传、教育、培训.终期调查于2004年3月干预措施结束时进行.结果甘肃省农村已婚育龄妇女在基线和终期调查中,干预组人工流产率分别为4.27%和2.91%,对照组分别为4.04%和3.49%.终期调查干预组不同社会特征育龄妇女人工流产率与对照组比较均无统计学意义,且均低于基线调查时结果.干预组中接受避孕知识宣传材料或培训活动超过3次的育龄妇女,其人工流产率低于对照组.Logistic多元回归结果显示,对紧急避孕知识缺乏了解,文化程度高且理想子女数多者易发生人工流产.结论开展及加强"避孕节育知情选择",有利于降低农村已婚育龄妇女的人工流产率,提高生殖健康的水平,维护其身心健康;应进一步加大计划生育优质服务的力度,正确引导农村育龄妇女的避孕行为,降低人工流产率.     

避孕方法知情选择干预措施对已婚育龄妇女避孕知识水平的影响

目的:评价避孕方法知情选择干预措施对已婚育龄妇女避孕知识、知情选择相关知识和态度的影响,探索影响干预效果的潜在因素。对象和方法:本研究以计划生育门诊为基础的干预研究,进行基线调查后对到干预门诊就诊的妇女进行避孕节育知情选择宣教,培训干预门诊的服务人员并提供咨询服务,干预后进行效果评估调查。结果:干预措施显著提高了干预组服务对象避孕知识、知情选择知晓率和正确理解程度,提高了服务提供者的咨询技巧。计划生育干部和技术人员认为基层技术人员数量少、素质低,给知情选择的开展带来一定的困难。结论:应通过多种渠道给予育龄群众更广泛全面的信息,加强基层服务提供者的培训。     

知情选择在避孕节育措施的影响

目的:探讨避孕方法知情选择在已婚育龄妇女避孕节育知识、自愿知情选择避孕方法的影响。方法:对839位育龄妇女采用问卷调查的方法了解其避孕的相关知识,对健康教育后的799人节育措施实施情况进行追踪,并进行相关的统计分析。结果:目标人群有关避孕节育知识的知晓率有不同程度提高;育龄群众能在一定程度上主动选择避孕方法,其避孕方式正朝着多样化方向发展。结论:避孕方法知情选择的健康教育活动,不仅使育龄群众掌握了多种避孕节育知识,同时获取了生殖健康的基本知识,真正实现知情选择,科学避孕。     

我国8省农村已婚育龄妇女生殖道感染影响因素的多水平模型分析

目的:探索我国农村已婚育龄妇女生殖道感染(RTI)的影响因素。方法:在我国8个省调查农村已婚育龄妇女RTI发生水平及相关影响因素,用多水平Logistic回归模型进行数据分析。结果:31.1%的农村已婚育龄妇女过去1年出现RTI症状,以外阴瘙痒和阴道异味分泌物最常见。多水平Logistic回归模型结果表明,经济条件差、使用茅厕、盆浴、大龄、文化程度低、务农、绝育或使用宫内节育器、人工流产、烟酒习惯等与RTI高发有关。随机系数模型显示,不同村之间,职业、人工流产、避孕方法及烟酒习惯对RTI感染的影响存在显著差异(P<0.01)。结论:家庭和个人因素是农村育龄妇女RTI感染的影响因素,部分因素在村间的影响程度不同。RTI干预应因地制宜。     

男性参与计划生育状况及其影响因素分析

目的:分析男性参与计划生育状况及其影响因素。方法:对全国31个省16 994名已婚育龄妇女进行问卷调查。结果:近10年来,有48.05%的男性与妻子讨论过避孕,25.75%的男性参加过计划生育/生殖健康培训,14.90%的男性参与避孕方法决策,27.59%的男性曾经使用过避孕套,5.10%的男性采用男性绝育术。多因素分析结果提示:男性参与与居住地(城镇/农村)、本人或妻子的文化程度等有较大关联。结论:我国男性尤其是农村男性参与计划生育程度有待提高。建议加大男性参与宣传教育的力度,扩展男用避孕方法种类以及全面推进避孕方法知情选择。     

塔城市育龄妇女避孕方法知情选择现状调查

目的：了解塔城市育龄妇女避孕方法知情选择情况。方法：采用小组访谈和调查问卷的形式，调查998名塔城市育龄妇女对避孕知情选择的认识和态度情况。结果：避孕知情选择知晓率较低，仅为45．68％。结论：塔城市育龄妇女对避孕方法知情选择的认识有待提高，计划生育人员必须加强宣传教育，以保证育龄妇女的身体健康。     

上海市流动人口孕产妇平产分娩点医院避孕服务状况调查

目的:了解流动人口孕产妇平产分娩点计划生育和避孕咨询服务现状及医务人员的产后避孕知识。方法:通过结构式问卷,对2004年上海市卫生局设立的10家流动人口孕产妇平产分娩点医疗机构进行机构设置及避孕服务调查,对机构中涉及到计划生育/避孕咨询服务的医务人员进行产后避孕知识调查。结果:10家外来人口分娩点医院中,仅有3家医院设有独立的计划生育门诊,8家医院设有计划生育咨询室,所有的二级医院均设有计划生育病床,平均提供10.5种避孕方法的咨询,可以操作落实的避孕服务项目平均为7.1种。343名调查对象中,279人(80.8%)曾为孕妇或产后妇女提供过避孕咨询服务;109人(31.8%)曾参加过计划生育/避孕咨询方面的培训。产后避孕知识得分最高为82分,中位得分为34分;多因素分析显示,调整其他可能的影响因素后,培训是影响医务人员产后避孕知识最重要的因素。结论:大部分流动人口孕产妇平产分娩点机构的计划生育设置和避孕方法咨询服务能够达到管理文件要求。但仍需加强计划生育门诊的硬件建设和针对性地加强医务人员产后避孕知识的再培训,更新知识结构。     

Mass media exposure and modern contraceptive use among married West African adolescents

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine whether family planning (FP) messaging is reaching married adolescent women in West Africa, and whether such messaging is associated with increased contraceptive use.

Materials and methods: We utilised data from the 2010 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) for Burkina Faso and Senegal (women 15–49; N?=?17,067 and N?=?15,688, respectively). We used chi-square tests to evaluate whether FP messaging exposure (via TV, radio, and/or print) differed according to socio-demographic characteristics. Subsequent analysis focussed on married adolescents (15–19; N?=?961 in Burkina Faso, N?=?996 in Senegal) which utilised propensity score matching and multivariable logistic regression models to test the association between self-reported FP messaging exposure and modern contraceptive use, knowledge of a modern contraceptive method, and future intention to use contraception.

Results: A higher proportion of women 15–49 who reported FP messaging exposure were urban, from higher wealth quintiles, and had higher education levels, compared with unexposed women. A smaller proportion of adolescents reported exposure compared to older age groups. Among married adolescents, there was a positive but non-significant association between FP messaging exposure and use of a modern contraceptive method in Senegal (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)?=?2.3; 95% CI: 0.92, 5.73). No such association was found in Burkina Faso (aOR?=?0.98; 95% CI: 0.43, 2.26).

Conclusions: Mass media campaigns are not reaching the most vulnerable populations in West Africa, such as adolescents and poorer rural women. Adapting mass media campaigns to address these gaps is important for increasing exposure to FP messaging.     

云南白族、贵州苗族已婚育龄妇女节育模式的研究

为了探索少数民族计划生育工作现状和节育模式,调查了云南白族、贵州苗族地区2026例已婚妇女,结果显示白族、苗族计划生育工作成绩显著,育龄妇女节育比例均高于80％,云南白族以宫内节育器为主要避孕方法（62．03％）,贵州苗族以男女绝育为主（76．62％）。Logistic多元回归分析显示夫妇的生育意愿、性别偏好、计生干部作用均影响是否采用绝育措施本道避孕方法较少、曾用避孕方法较多者倾向于绝育。两地相比,云南白族地区的计划生育工作较好,妇女避孕知识较多,自觉节育比例更大。鉴于今后计划生育全程服务和“知情选择”的推广,建议少数民族地区在继续推行现行的长效避孕方法（绝育和宫内节育器）的同时,积极宣传避孕知识,加强对群众生育观念的正确引导,增强基层计生技术力量,逐步向知情选择过渡。     

Knowledge about emergency contraception among family-planning providers in urban Ghana

Objective

To assess the theoretical and practical knowledge about emergency contraception (EC) among family-planning (FP) providers in Ghana and to examine the association between FP providers’ theoretical and practical knowledge.

Methods

Data on 600 FP providers were collected through a census of facilities offering FP services in Kumasi, Ghana, in 2008. Nested linear multivariate regression analysis was used to identify sociodemographic, facility-related, and work-related variables associated with FP providers’ theoretical and practical knowledge about EC.

Results

On average, FP providers gave 4.1 correct answers to the 11 questions assessing theoretical knowledge and 5.6 correct answers to the 8 questions assessing their practical ability to provide EC. The FP providers seemed to learn provision-related aspects through practice without having a particularly good theoretical knowledge on EC as a contraceptive method. The health sector in which FP providers worked, their education and having received EC-specific training, the number of services offered, and the number of women seen during a week were all significant correlates of both theoretical and practical knowledge about EC. The 2 knowledge domains were significantly and positively associated.

Conclusion

There is need to improve knowledge about EC among FP providers in Ghana through in-service training.     

Predictors of contraception knowledge and use among postpartum adolescents in El Salvador

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to describe demographics and contraceptive familiarity and use among postpartum adolescents in El Salvador. STUDY DESIGN: Questionnaire-guided interviews were conducted in Spanish with 50 postpartum adolescents at an urban, public hospital in El Salvador. Open-ended questions included assessments of education, partnership status, and contraceptive knowledge and use patterns. RESULTS: The median age of subjects was 17 years, 84% were nulliparous, 80% had partners, and 6% were married. Eighty-four percent of the women reported contraception knowledge and 18% reported contraception use. Educational experience and literacy predicted contraceptive knowledge (P = .008 and .001, respectively), but not use. After delivery and postpartum contraception education, 58% of the subjects stated intention to use contraception. Having a partner and living with him were predictors of intent to use contraception (P = .001 and .002, respectively). Being single negatively predicted intention to use contraception (P = .001). CONCLUSION: Education and literacy predicted contraceptive knowledge; however, contraceptive knowledge did not predict contraceptive use. Adolescent contraception use depends on more than just contraceptive knowledge.     

A survey of knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to emergency contraception among health workers in Manisa, Turkey

OBJECTIVE: to determine knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to emergency contraception among health-care providers (general practitioners, nurses and midwives). DESIGN: a cross-sectional design using face-to-face interview methods plus questionnaire in the work setting. Researchers were able to maintain privacy by using priority strategies. SETTING: 18 primary health-care units in Manisa, western Turkey. SAMPLE: 182 health-care providers (general practitioners [n = 72]; nurses and midwives [n = 110] were invited to participate in the study, but 26 of them declined. PARTICIPANTS: 156 health-care providers. As 16 participants had not heard of emergency contraception, 140 health-care providers (general practitioners [n = 51] and nurses and midwives [n = 89]) were included. FINDINGS: of the health-care providers, almost one in 10 was unfamiliar with the term 'emergency contraception'. Only a few health-care providers knew how to use the intra-uterine contraceptive device (IUCD) for emergency contraception and the doses of emergency contraceptive pills. Some health-care providers included emergency contraception in routine consultations, but many did not support the use of emergency contraception in Turkey. Many of the providers thought that young people should not know about emergency contraception. KEY CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: knowledge among health-care providers about emergency contraception is inadequate. All health-care providers should know about emergency contraception and include it in routine contraceptive consultations. Thus, continuing education information programmes are required. Further research into the knowledge, practices and attitudes of health-care providers is needed to understand the underlying reasons for the hesitant attitudes among health professionals.     

On the use of contraceptive methods among married women in Turkey.

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors affecting use and choice of contraceptive methods of married women in Turkey. METHODS: The study is based on data from the 1998 Turkish Demographic and Health Survey, held by the Hacettepe Institute of Population Studies. To analyse the data set, a multinomial logistic regression model has been used. RESULTS: The most influential variable for traditional method use versus non-use is 'region', while that for modern method use versus non-use is a 'woman's attitudes towards family planning methods'. Moreover, modern method use versus traditional method use is more common in middle-aged women, living in urban areas, approving of family planning methods and with higher education. CONCLUSION: Women's behaviours on contraceptive method use and choice are associated with women's attitude towards family planning and level of education as well as region and place of residence; that is, ease of access to the methods. To increase success of family planning programmes, it should be ensured that the methods are easily accessed and women receive information about contraceptive methods. In addition, family planning providers must strive to increase women's level of education.     

中国育龄妇女紧急避孕知晓率及其影响因素分析

目的:探索可能影响紧急避孕知晓率的因素。方法:通过分层整群抽样方法,对全国1 041个点共39 586名育龄妇女进行面对面访问调查,问卷由经过严格培训的调查员填写。通过应用SAS统计软件包对资料进行单因素及二分类多元Logistic回归分析。结果:通过分析,发现育龄妇女年龄、受教育程度、理想子女数、居住地区、采用的避孕方法、丈夫的年龄和民族、是否与妻子讨论避孕方法和是否参加计划生育与生殖健康方面的培训活动、避孕药物的提供、宣传品是否免费以及是否读过和读懂宣传品、宣传品中是否有有关避孕节育和是否看过计划生育录像都是紧急避孕药物知晓率的影响因素。结论:加大宣教力度是提高紧急避孕知晓率最直接和有效的方法,在宣传教育方法的采用上要考虑到当地的经济和文化水平,提高紧急避孕方法的可及性和可利用性。     

上海市妇女婚后初育前的避孕措施

本调查应用流行病学方法 ,对上海 4 0 3 7名妇女婚后初育前的避孕情况进行了调查。了解婚后初育前避孕知识的来源和避孕的实施状况。调查表明 :1 ) 76 .9%的妇女在婚后初育前了解避孕套的使用方法 ,2 7.6 %的妇女使用过避孕套 ;50 .1 %的妇女了解安全期避孕 ;3 4.5%曾使用过安全期避孕 ;72 .4 %的妇女了解口服避孕药方法 ;1 3 .9%的人初育前口服过避孕药 ;3 1 .2 %的妇女知道体外排精法 ;1 0 .4 %的妇女在婚后初育前使用过该法 ;89.8%的妇女知道 IUD;但仅有 1 4.7%的妇女在婚后初育前采用过 IUD方法。避孕知识的主要来源是书刊杂志。2 )多元 L ogistic回归分析表明 :影响婚后初育前避孕的主要因素是 :夫妻文化程度、职业及其户口性质。3 )值得注意的是 :初育前 ,3 8.2 %的人曾有过 1次妊娠 ,7.7%的人有过 2次妊娠。其中 ,第 1次妊娠的主要原因 70 .2 %是没有采取避孕措施 70 .% ,7.0 %是避孕失败 ;第 2次妊娠的主要原因同样是没有采取任何避孕措施和避孕失败 ,分别是 4 5.7%和 2 0 .6 %。结果提示 :今后应加强避孕知识宣教 ,增加妇女避孕知识的深度和广度 ,制订和完善婚前、婚后的计划生育常规服务 ,使广大妇女真正做到知情选择 ,尽早落实可行的避孕方法 ,从而减少非意愿妊娠和人工流产。