非完整移动机器人的神经网络滑模自适应轨迹跟踪控制

针对非完整移动机器人的轨迹跟踪控制问题,提出了一种鲁棒项系数自调整的神经网络滑模自适应控制策略。首先由反推法 设计运动学控制器;其次,基于滑模控制设计动力学控制器,利用径向基神经网络(RBF)自适应逼近系统非线性不确定性上界,实现 鲁棒项系数自调整,克服了传统滑模控制鲁棒项设计需要已知系统不确定性上界的缺陷,实现了速度跟踪。李亚普诺夫稳定性定理 保证了闭环系统的稳定性及跟踪误差的渐近收敛。仿真结果进一步验证了所提方案的可行性。     

基于复合正交神经网络的广义通用模型自适应控制

在自适应逆控制中应用复合正交神经网络具有算法简单、学习收敛速度快等优点,将复合正交神经网络与广义通用模型控制器策略相结合,提出了一种基于神经网络的广义通用模型自适应控制方法.该控制方法中的参考轨迹为一条典型的二阶曲线,控制器参数具有明显的物理意义,参数整定方便.仿真实验验证了该控制策略的有效性.     

单一及端基异构混合型半乳糖脂衍生物抑菌功效的初步研究

针对污水处理过程这一多变量、强耦合的复杂非线性系统,提出了一种基于差分进化算法的模糊神经网络控制方法,并应用于污水处理过程溶解氧浓度的控制。首先利用差分进化(DE)结合BP的混合算法对给定的模糊神经网络控制器结构参数进行离线优化,然后利用BP算法较强的局部搜索能力,对参数进一步在线调整。将所提出的控制器用于污水处理BSM1仿真平台的溶解氧浓度控制,控制性能优于常规的模糊控制器,仿真结果表明了该控制策略的有效性。     

基于多层递归模糊神经网络的间歇过程批次间优化控制

针对间歇过程,基于多层递归模糊神经网络和混沌搜索实现了终点产品质量的批次间迭代控制策略,并在此基础上提出了间歇过程温度控制的批次间迭代控制策略。多层递归模糊神经网络被用于间歇过程对象建模,混沌搜索用于过程建模和优化计算。由于存在模型误差和未知干扰,基于模型所计算出来的最优控制输入在实际运用到对象上后并不是最优的。利用间歇过程的重复特性,根据以前批次的模型预测误差来修正模型预测,并据此计算下一批次的最优控制输入。随着批次的进行,跟踪误差逐渐减小。仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

随机灰色提前期条件下制造/再制造混合系统库存优化

基于PUSH库存控制策略提出了在不确定生产提前期、恒定顾客需求率和产品回收率条件下的制造/再制造混合生产系统库存控制模型,可用品仓库库存由新产品制造过程和回收产品的再制造过程共同补充。不确定的生产提前期可描述为随机灰色变量,提出的随机灰色模拟技术可为不确定函数产生输入-输出数据,利用该输入-输出数据训练后的神经网络可加速不确定函数的模拟过程,由随机灰色模拟、神经网络和遗传算法集成的混合智能优化算法可求解该库存模型。数值分析结果表明:平均生产成本随给定的顾客服务水平和生产提前期的增加而增加,该不确定模型符合实际库存系统的实际情况,提出的智能优化算法可优化复杂的不确定规划问题。     

伊藤型随机时滞系统的滑模控制

考虑存在状态和输入时滞情况下It随机系统的滑模控制问题。通过设计一个新的切换函数,不仅可以有效解决存在状态和输入时滞情况下随机系统的滑模控制器的设计问题,而且可以保证系统状态轨迹从初始时刻就发生滑模运动,从而使得系统在整个状态空间上都具有不变性。利用线性矩阵不等式给出了保证滑模动态依概率渐近稳定的充分条件,最后给出了数值仿真结果。     

基于径向基函数网络的非线性通用模型控制

为了克服通用模型控制器要求过程一阶微分模型应该有显式解的局限性，提出了一种基于神经网络的通用模型控制方法，将非线性过程模型应用逆系统的方法在控制算法中直接嵌入过程模型，从而保证通用模型控制策略的可实现性。其参考轨迹是一条典型的二阶曲线，由于径向基函数网络具有许多优点，该控制策略中的神经网络为径向基函数网络。该控制器参数具有明显的物理意义，参数整定方便。仿真实验验证了该控制策略的有效性。     

连续发酵过程的神经网络预测和控制

给出了神经网络趋化性算法的一种新的实现策略，在此基础上，提出了一种动态递归神经网络建模方法和一种控制作用受限的自学习非线性控制方法。将其用于连续搅拌签式发酵器的状态变量的在线预测和优化控制，仿真结果表明，预测精度高，控制效果好，具有强抗扰和强鲁棒性。在不知道生化过程模型结构的情况下，神经网络模型，可取很容易地通过在线或离线学习到高度复杂的非线性生化过程的输入．输出关系。对于经过最优操作点，稳态增益的符号会发生变化的这类难以控制的生化过程，神经网络非线性控制策略，可以使生化反应器始终维持在最优状况。本方法有望在实际工业过程中得到应用。     

线性时滞系统的数字PID抗干扰控制

针对典型线性时滞系统的抗干扰控制问题，提出了一种数字PID控制方法。不采用传统的IMC结构，而是将输出信号直接加以比例控制之后，反馈至被控对象输入端，以消除定值负载干扰的影响。仿真结果显示，该方法具有较好的抗干扰性能。     

基于KPCA和离散Walsh变换的改进过程神经网络建模

针对过程神经网络在输入维数较高时存在时间代价过大的缺点,提出了基于核主元分析（KPCA）和离散Walsh变换的改进过程神经网络算法（IPNNKPW）。该算法结合KPCA和离散Walsh正交基变换,减少了过程神经网络的输入计算代价;引入动量因子和自适应学习率,加速了网络收敛并有效地抑制了网络震荡。应用该算法对聚合反应中聚丙烯腈平均分子量建模,仿真实验结果验证了该算法的有效性,它能以较少的时间代价得到较高的模型精度。     

An Improved Pathological Brain Detection System Based on Two-Dimensional PCA and Evolutionary Extreme Learning Machine

Pathological brain detection has made notable stride in the past years, as a consequence many pathological brain detection systems (PBDSs) have been proposed. But, the accuracy of these systems still needs significant improvement in order to meet the necessity of real world diagnostic situations. In this paper, an efficient PBDS based on MR images is proposed that markedly improves the recent results. The proposed system makes use of contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) to enhance the quality of the input MR images. Thereafter, two-dimensional PCA (2DPCA) strategy is employed to extract the features and subsequently, a PCA+LDA approach is used to generate a compact and discriminative feature set. Finally, a new learning algorithm called MDE-ELM is suggested that combines modified differential evolution (MDE) and extreme learning machine (ELM) for segregation of MR images as pathological or healthy. The MDE is utilized to optimize the input weights and hidden biases of single-hidden-layer feed-forward neural networks (SLFN), whereas an analytical method is used for determining the output weights. The proposed algorithm performs optimization based on both the root mean squared error (RMSE) and norm of the output weights of SLFNs. The suggested scheme is benchmarked on three standard datasets and the results are compared against other competent schemes. The experimental outcomes show that the proposed scheme offers superior results compared to its counterparts. Further, it has been noticed that the proposed MDE-ELM classifier obtains better accuracy with compact network architecture than conventional algorithms.     

基于状态观测器的输入受限不确定系统的滑模控制

研究了控制输入受限情况下不确定系统的滑模控制问题, 其中,系统不确定性同时存在于状态矩阵和控制增益矩阵中。首先,利用状态观测器估计不可测状态;然后,在状态估计空间选择一种积分型切换面;最后,设计一个基于状态估计的滑模控制律以保证系统状态轨迹在有限时间内到达指定的切换面,同时利用等价控制律方法给出了滑模动态渐近稳定的充分条件。数值仿真实验验证了本文算法的有效性。     

Prediction of Low Back Pain with Two Expert Systems

Low back pain (LBP) is one of the common problems encountered in medical applications. This paper proposes two expert systems (artificial neural network and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system) for the assessment of the LBP level objectively. The skin resistance and visual analog scale (VAS) values have been accepted as the input variables for the developed systems. The results showed that the expert systems behave very similar to real data and that use of the expert systems can be used to successfully diagnose the back pain intensity. The suggested systems were found to be advantageous approaches in addition to existing unbiased approaches. So far as the authors are aware, this is the first attempt of using the two expert systems achieving very good performance in a real application. In light of some of the limitations of this study, we also identify and discuss several areas that need continued investigation.     

复杂性科学对中医理论研究的启示

从复杂性科学角度看,中医学是＂复杂性适应系统＂;中医学始终处于＂混沌的边缘＂,不断寻找新的发现,从而不断更新规则,实现自我完善;中医学也可以被视为一种＂人工生命＂。由于中医学属于复杂系统,复杂性科学研究方法适合于研究中医,如复杂适应系统、人工神经网络、从定性到定量综合集成法等。     

自适应DNA免疫算法在化工软测量中的应用

将T-S模糊模型与RBF神经网络相结合,构成T-S模糊RBF神经网络,提出了一种自适应DNA免疫算法优化设计T-S模糊RBF神经网络的规则后件参数的方法。该方法采用基于抗体浓度和克隆选择的更新策略调节机制,能有效地保持抗体的多样性,避免早熟收敛。将该方法应用于延迟焦化汽油干点的软测量建模,仿真结果表明了DNA免疫遗传算法在T-S模糊神经网络系统优化设计中的有效性,并可获得较高精度的模型。     

基于PID神经网络的非线性系统辨识与控制

针对工业控制领域中非线性系统采用传统的控制方法不能达到满意的控制效果,提出一种基于P ID神经网络的控制方案,以对其进行辨识和控制。将P ID神经网络引入控制系统中,既具有常规P ID控制结构简单、参数物理意义明确等优点,同时又具有神经网络的并行结构和学习记忆功能及非线性映射能力。仿真结果表明:该控制系统响应速度快、超调量小、稳态精度高,能够快速跟踪系统输出并进行有效控制,且具有一定的自适应性和鲁棒性,满足实时控制的要求。     

An Adaptive Monitoring Scheme for Automatic Control of Anaesthesia in dynamic surgical environments based on Bispectral Index and Blood Pressure

During surgical procedures, bispectral index (BIS) is a well-known measure used to determine the patient’s depth of anesthesia (DOA). However, BIS readings can be subject to interference from many factors during surgery, and other parameters such as blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) can provide more stable indicators. However, anesthesiologist still consider BIS as a primary measure to determine if the patient is correctly anaesthetized while relaying on the other physiological parameters to monitor and ensure the patient’s status is maintained. The automatic control of administering anesthesia using intelligent control systems has been the subject of recent research in order to alleviate the burden on the anesthetist to manually adjust drug dosage in response physiological changes for sustaining DOA. A system proposed for the automatic control of anesthesia based on type-2 Self Organizing Fuzzy Logic Controllers (T2-SOFLCs) has been shown to be effective in the control of DOA under simulated scenarios while contending with uncertainties due to signal noise and dynamic changes in pharmacodynamics (PD) and pharmacokinetic (PK) effects of the drug on the body. This study considers both BIS and BP as part of an adaptive automatic control scheme, which can adjust to the monitoring of either parameter in response to changes in the availability and reliability of BIS signals during surgery. The simulation of different control schemes using BIS data obtained during real surgical procedures to emulate noise and interference factors have been conducted. The use of either or both combined parameters for controlling the delivery Propofol to maintain safe target set points for DOA are evaluated. The results show that combing BIS and BP based on the proposed adaptive control scheme can ensure the target set points and the correct amount of drug in the body is maintained even with the intermittent loss of BIS signal that could otherwise disrupt an automated control system.     

DCS控制系统的新老合一升级探讨

介绍了醋酸裂解及精馏项目中RS3、DeltaV集散型控制系统（DCS）和Tricon紧急停车系统（ESD）的全集成应用，阐述了DCS扩建工程方案的选择、异种系统集成问题的解决办法、技术关键及严格项目管理实施计划的重要性。     

Prediction of anoxic sulfide biooxidation under various HRTs using artificial neural networks

Objective During present investigation the data of a laboratory-scale anoxic sulfide oxidizing (ASO) reactor were used in a neural network system to predict its performance. Methods Five uncorrelated components of the influent wastewater were used as the artificial neural network model input to predict the output of the effluent using back-propagation and general regression algorithms. The best prediction performance is achieved when the data are preprocessed using principal components analysis (PCA) before they are fed to a back propagated neural network. Results Within the range of experimental conditions tested, it was concluded that the ANN model gave predictable results for nitrite removal from wastewater through ASO process. The model did not predict the formation of sulfate to an acceptable manner. Conclusion Apart from experimentation, ANN model can help to simulate the results of such experiments in finding the best optimal choice for ASO based denitrification. Together with wastewater collection and the use of improved treatment systems and new technologies, better control of wastewater treatment plant (WTP) can lead to more effective maneuvers by its operators and, as a consequence, better effluent quality.