改良TVT-O术治疗女性压力性尿失禁效果研究

目的:探讨由内向外经闭孔无张力尿道悬吊术(TVT-O)与改良TVT-O治疗女性压力性尿失禁的安全性和有效性。方法:选择中、重度压力性尿失禁患者85例,随机分2组,TVT-O组40例,改良TVT-O组45例,比较两种术式的近期疗效及手术相关并发症,评估两组的安全性及有效性。结果:两组平均随访时间12个月,TVT-O组和改良TVT-O组的1年治愈率分别为87.5%和84.4%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:改良TVT-O术能有效治疗压力性尿失禁,近期效果确切,远期疗效有待进一步观察。     

经闭孔无张力尿道中段悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁32例临床分析

目的:探讨经闭孔无张力尿道中段悬吊术(Transobturator inside-outtension-freeurethral suspension,TVT-O)治疗女性压力性尿失禁(Stress Urinary Incontinence,SUI)的效果及安全性。方法:2007年10月～2009年7月采用经闭孔无张力尿道中段悬吊术治疗女性SUl32例。结果:手术时间10～25min,平均(15±3)min;术中出血量10～20ml,平均(15±2)ml。32例均治愈,随访8个月均良好,无复发,其中1例术后排尿困难,保留尿管4天后自行排尿。结论:TVT-O术操作简便快捷,创伤小,合并症少,疗效肯定,是一种治疗女性压力性尿失禁的有效方法。     

Cost effectiveness of tension-free vaginal tape for the surgical management of female stress incontinence

OBJECTIVES: Stress urinary incontinence affects between 10 percent and 50 percent of women. Surgery is commonly recommended for troublesome incontinence that does not respond to nonsurgical management. Tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) is a newer, minimal access surgical sling procedure, which is being increasingly adopted worldwide. The cost-effectiveness of TVT in comparison with other surgical procedures, particularly open colposuspension, is assessed. METHODS: Effectiveness estimates came from a systematic review of TVT compared with other surgical procedures (open and laparoscopic colposuspension, traditional slings, and injectables). Deterministic and probabilistic analyses were used to assess the likelihood of TVT being cost-effective. Sensitivity analyses assessed the impact of changing assumptions about cure rates and costs for TVT, cure rates for retreatment open colposuspension, and proportions of women who choose retreatment. RESULTS: Reliable estimates of relative effectiveness were difficult to derive because the few randomized controlled comparisons had not been optimally analyzed or fully reported. Results of the economic model suggested that TVT dominates open colposuspension (lower cost and same quality of life years [QALYs]) within 5 years after surgery. Stochastic analysis indicated that the likelihood of TVT being cost-effective was 100 percent if decision-makers are unwilling to pay for additional QALYs. TVT's dominance depended on the assumption fact that retreatment open colposuspension has lower cure rates than a first colposuspension. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis based on current short-term data indicates dominance of TVT over open colposuspension from approximately 5 years. There is a need for longer-term follow-up data from methodologically rigorous randomized trials to provide a sounder basis for estimating the relative benefits and cost implications.     

Pelvic floor muscle training and adjunctive therapies for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women: a systematic review

Background  

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a prevalent and costly condition which may be treated surgically or by physical therapy. The aim of this review was to systematically assess the literature and present the best available evidence for the efficacy and effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) performed alone and together with adjunctive therapies (eg biofeedback, electrical stimulation, vaginal cones) for the treatment of female SUI.     

Distress and quality of life characteristics associated with seeking surgical treatment for stress urinary incontinence

Background  

Current research focuses on three variables in evaluating the impact of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) on daily living: severity of incontinence, distress or bother resulting from incontinence, and effect on health related quality of life (HRQoL). Understanding the impact of these variables is important as they are the driving force behind women seeking surgical treatment. Given the importance of HRQoL in determining need for treatment, as well as evaluating treatment success, this review provides an assessment of the degree to which HRQoL is impaired in women seeking surgical treatment.     

无张力尿道中段悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁并发症分析

目的:提高对尿道中段悬吊术(TVT TVT-O)并发症的诊断及处理能力。方法:收集2006年1月~2009年10月应用TVT和TVT-O治疗的86例女性压力性尿失禁患者术中及术后随访出现的并发症情况,对其临床症状、体征、诊断与处理进行分析。结果:出现并发症19例,包括膀胱穿孔2例,经重新调整穿刺纠正;尿潴留8例,予留置导尿,尿道扩张,排尿正常;下肢疼痛和耻骨后血肿各2例,经保守治疗好转;尿急症状2例,口服托特罗定症状缓解;膀胱结石1例,经膀胱切开取出吊带组织并缝合治愈;吊带阴道侵蚀2例,修剪外露吊带治愈。结论:认识尿道中段悬吊术相关并发症的表现可提高诊断和处理该手术并发症的能力。     

Increasing physical activity in postpartum multiethnic women in Hawaii: results from a pilot study

Background

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common problem. In the Netherlands, yearly 64.000 new patients, of whom 96% are women, consult their general practitioner because of urinary incontinence. Approximately 7500 urodynamic evaluations and approximately 5000 operations for SUI are performed every year. In all major national and international guidelines from both gynaecological and urological scientific societies, it is advised to perform urodynamics prior to invasive treatment for SUI, but neither its effectiveness nor its cost-effectiveness has been assessed in a randomized setting. The Value of Urodynamics prior to Stress Incontinence Surgery (VUSIS) study evaluates the positive and negative effects with regard to outcome, as well as the costs of urodynamics, in women with symptoms of SUI in whom surgical treatment is considered.

Methods/design

A multicentre diagnostic cohort study will be performed with an embedded randomized controlled trial among women presenting with symptoms of (predominant) SUI. Urinary incontinence has to be demonstrated on clinical examination and/or voiding diary. Physiotherapy must have failed and surgical treatment needs to be under consideration. Patients will be excluded in case of previous incontinence surgery, in case of pelvic organ prolapse more than 1 centimeter beyond the hymen and/or in case of residual bladder volume of more than 150 milliliter on ultrasound or catheterisation. Patients with discordant findings between the diagnosis based on urodynamic investigation and the diagnosis based on their history, clinical examination and/or micturition diary will be randomized to operative therapy or individually tailored therapy based on all available information. Patients will be followed for two years after treatment by their attending urologist or gynaecologist, in combination with the completion of questionnaires. Six hundred female patients will be recruited for registration from approximately twenty-seven hospitals in the Netherlands. We aspect that one hundred and two women with discordant findings will be randomized. The primary outcome of this study is clinical improvement of incontinence as measured with the validated Dutch version of the Urinary Distress Inventory (UDI). Secondary outcomes of this study include costs, cure of incontinence as measured by voiding diary parameters, complications related to the intervention, re-interventions, and generic quality of life changes.

Trial registration

Clinical Trials NCT00814749.     

盆底肌肉功能训练防治产后压力性尿失禁

目的:评价盆底肌肉功能训练在治疗产后压力性尿失禁的临床效果及作用。方法:初次分娩产妇60例随机分成两组,训练组30例于产后进行盆底肌肉功能训练,对照组30例进行一般的产后健康教育。两组患者于新产后(产后3日内)、产后3个月及12个月采用问卷调查、尿垫试验及盆底肌力评分,评价产后压力性尿失禁恢复效果。结果:训练组产后3个月及12个月排尿状况评分和尿垫试验阳性率显著低于新产后并显著低于同期对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);盆底肌力评分显著高于新产后并显著高于同期对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:产后压力性尿失禁早期行盆底肌肉功能训练可以明显改善漏尿症状,提高盆底肌力。     

盆底生物反馈联合民刺激及盆低功能锻炼治疗女性压力性尿失禁

目的：探讨联合保守治疗女性压力性尿失禁（SUI）的临床效果以及盆底肌表面肌电压作为疗效评价的应用价值。方法：对79例SUI女性进行盆底生物反馈联合电刺激及盆底肌锻炼治疗。比较治疗前后盆底肌表面肌电检测、SUI症状变化情况。结果：轻、中度SUI患者组内治疗前后盆底肌电值比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,但2组患者治疗前后盆底肌肉肌电值差值比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。3个月后随访总有效率81.0%,轻度和中度SUI组有效率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：盆底生物反馈联合电刺激及盆底肌锻炼治疗女性SUI无创、有效。盆底肌表面肌电压检测作为疗效评价指标有一定的应用价值。     

Factors related to urinary incontinence among the Malaysian elderly

Background

Urinary incontinence is a prevalent condition in the elderly that is the spontaneous leakage of urine. It is an age-related problem and increases especially in people aged above 65 years. It can cause many psychological, behavioral, biological, economic and social effects. The treatment of urinary incontinence can reduce morbidity and mortality. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effects of variables including age, ethnicity, gender, education, marital status, body weight, blood elements and nutritional parameters on urinary incontinence among the Malaysian elderly.

Methods

The study was on 2322 non-institutionalized Malaysian elderly. The hierarchy logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate the risk of independent variables for urinary incontinence among respondents.

Results

The findings indicated that approximately 3.80% of subjects had urinary incontinence. In addition, constipation was found a significant factor that increased the risk of urinary incontinence in samples (p=0.006; OR=3.77). The increase in dietary monounsaturated fat (p=0.038; OR=0.59) and plasma triglyceride levels (p=0.029; OR=0.56) significantly reduced the risk of incontinence in subjects. Many of suspected variables including socio-demographic factors, diseases, nutritional minerals, blood components and body weight were non-relevant factors to urinary incontinence in respondents.

Conclusions

Constipation increased the risk of urinary incontinence in subjects, and increase in dietary monounsaturated fat and plasma triglyceride levels decreased the risk.

     

Evaluation and treatment of female urinary incontinence

Urinary incontinence is a very common and bothersome condition among women and can affect up to 50% of women during their lifetime. Older women are disproportionately affected and often view urinary incontinence as a normal part of aging thus precluding contact with medical professionals. Physicians must, therefore, include questions regarding urinary incontinence as part of routine examinations. A simple, yet thorough history and physical examination along with basic testing can often aid the physician in making an accurate diagnosis and initiating effective treatment. Several interventions are available and are often chosen based on type and severity of urinary incontinence. These include conservative measures, pharmacotherapy, and surgical intervention. Also, innovative treatment modalities are constantly being investigated to manage urinary incontinence further expanding treatment options available to women.     

The prevalence of urinary incontinence and its burden on the quality of life among older adults with medicare supplement insurance

Purpose  

Estimate the prevalence and burden of urinary incontinence (UI) on the quality of life (QOL) among adults (65 or older) with Medigap insurance.     

中国10个地区中老年人尿失禁的描述性分析

目的 描述中国10个地区中老年人尿失禁患病率的人群和地区分布特征。方法 对完成中国慢性病前瞻性研究项目2020-2021年第三次重复调查的24 913名45~95岁的研究对象进行分析。通过调查员面对面询问了解研究对象发生尿失禁的情况，进一步区分单纯压力性尿失禁、单纯急迫性尿失禁和混合性尿失禁。分性别、年龄、地区等特征报告尿失禁及其亚型的患病率，并描述患者严重程度和接受治疗情况。结果 研究对象年龄为（65.4±9.1）岁。以2020年第七次全国人口普查数据进行年龄标化后，女性自报尿失禁标化患病率为25.4%，男性为7.0%。男性中单纯压力性尿失禁、单纯急迫性尿失禁和混合性尿失禁的标化患病率依次为1.7%、4.2%和1.2%，女性中对应的标化患病率依次为13.5%、5.8%和6.1%。男性尿失禁及各种亚型的患病率、女性尿失禁及除单纯压力性尿失禁以外的各亚型患病率均随年龄增长而升高（P<0.001）。调整年龄后，农村男、女性尿失禁患病率均高于城市（P<0.001）。男性和女性尿失禁患者自报接受治疗率分别为15.4%和8.5%。结论 我国中老年人群的尿失禁患病率较高，且女性高于男性，而尿失禁患者的治疗率较低。     

Some complications of tension-free midurethral tapes for the treatment of stress incontinence in women

Complications occurred in two women of 45 and 54 years of age who were treated with tension-free midurethral sling procedures. The first woman was treated with transobturator tape due to stress incontinence and an overactive bladder. The procedure resulted in a worsening of the overactive bladder. The second woman was treated with tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) due to stress incontinence and subsequently suffered from pain on urinating. In the first patient, the tape was found to be too tight and following adjustment of the tape tension, the overactive bladder symptoms and the stress incontinence disappeared. The second woman experienced bladder erosion on the right side. After removal of the tape, the symptoms disappeared but the stress incontinence returned. During the last few years, the surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence has shifted towards the positioning of tension-free tapes. Because this minimally invasive technique is fairly simple to perform, the number of anti-incontinence surgical procedures has increased threefold in the last 4 years in the Netherlands. The literature states high success rates and low complication percentages. However, in everyday practice, these results cannot always be achieved. Doctors should therefore show caution when selecting patients for tension-free midurethral tape procedures. Furthermore, patient information should clearly indicate the actual results. Initial treatment for stress incontinence should consist of intensive pelvic floor muscle training.     

Self-efficacy as a predictor to PFMT adherence in a prevention of urinary incontinence clinical trial.

Past research suggests a positive correlation between self-efficacy (SE) and adherence to behavioral interventions. Less is known about SE and adherence in behavioral programs that are preventive in nature and specific to urinary incontinence (UI). Using treatment-group data from a previously reported randomized controlled trial, the authors assess the role of SE in predicting adherence to pelvic-floor muscle training (PFMT) for UI prevention in a sample of postmenopausal women. Results indicate that at 12 months follow-up, nearly 70% of participants reported medium or high adherence, performing the recommended PFMT regimen 2 to 3 times per week or more. Summary scores of both Task SE, beta = .25, SE (beta) = .08, p < .01, and Regulatory SE, beta = .43, SE (beta) = .06, p < .0001, predict adherence. Also, the authors found a modest decline in self-efficacy scores over time. These findings highlight the importance of SE in sustained behavioral change.     

厦门社区成年女性尿失禁患病状况流行病学调查

目的:调查厦门社区成年女性尿失禁的患病率,探讨压力性尿失禁患病的影响因素。方法:采用分层随机抽样的方法,对厦门社区成年有性生活史的女性3 453例进行问卷调查,测量体重、身高及妇科检查。经单因素分析(χ2检验)及多因素Logistic回归分析筛选发生压力性尿失禁的危险因素。结果:本次共调查3 453例,年龄20～84岁,平均(45±16)岁。厦门市社区成年女性尿失禁患病率为38.78%(1 339/3 453)。盆腔器官脱垂的患病率为22.07%(762/3 453)。尿失禁的患病率总趋势随年龄增加而上升。在尿失禁(UI)患病状况分析中,发现SUI患病率23.52%(812/3 453),MUI患病率10.72%(370/3 453),UUI患病率3.91%(135/3 453),其他类型尿失禁患病率0.64%(22/3 453)。其构成比依次是60.64%、27.63%、10.08%、1.64%。经单因素分析χ2检验,筛选出SUI可能的危险因素有9项:年龄(χ2=103.604,P=0.000)、体重指数≥24 kg/m2(χ2=29.290,P=0.000)、体力劳动(χ2=11.662,P=0.001)、分娩方式(χ2=113.179,P=0.000)、文化程度(χ2=15.648,P=0.000)、慢性咳嗽(χ2=5.871,P=0.015)、高血压(χ2=13.540,P=0.000)、绝经(χ2=47.789,P=0.000)、盆腔器官脱垂(χ2=162.664,P=0.000)。影响SUI患病的多因素Logistic回归分析显示5项危险因素:分娩方式,与未产者相比,阴道分娩1次(OR值为3.016)、阴道分娩2次及以上(OR值为3.291),剖宫产(OR值为1.950);年龄,与20～39岁者相比,年龄在40～49岁者(OR值为1.448),年龄在50～59岁者(OR值为1.852),年龄在60岁及以上者(OR值为1.508);盆腔器官脱垂(OR值2.251);体力劳动(OR值1.275);慢性咳嗽(OR值2.221)。结论:尿失禁的患病率总趋势随年龄增加而上升,压力性尿失禁(SUI)患病的5个独立危险因素为:年龄、分娩方式、盆腔器官脱垂、体力劳动、慢性咳嗽。     

Urinary Incontinence in Women Under 65: Quality of Life, Stress Related to Incontinence and Patterns of Seeking Health Care

OBJECTIVE: We sought to describe quality of life, psychological stress and patterns of seeking health care (PSHC) among young and middle-aged women experiencing urinary stress incontinence (USI). Reasons and variables associated with delay in seeking care were also investigated. METHODS: A sample of 131 patients, aged 22-65, filled out a questionnaire consisted of: SF-36, stress related to incontinence, patterns of seeking health care questionnaires and a 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) measuring perceived suffering from USI (0 indicating absence of suffering while 10 indicating most severe suffering). RESULTS: Scores on eight domains of SF-36 were lower, compared to 405 Israeli healthy women (p < 0.001). Forty-one percent reported impairment in performing work and other activities. Mean scores on the VAS was 5.04 (SD: 2.59), 30% marked 7 cm and higher and 12.6% reported most severe suffering due to USI (scored 10 cm). Psychological stress related to incontinence was higher among the younger women and those with severe impairment to sexual activity. The majority of the sample (74%) delayed seeking help for at least a year, 46% delayed it for 3 years. Common reasons for delay were lack of time (36.3%), shame (15.7%) and fear of surgery (14.7%). Age, psychological stress, perceived suffering and social functioning (SF) were associated with patterns of seeking care. CONCLUSIONS: USI causes suffering and impaired quality of life among young women. Reluctance to seek help highlights the need to promote women's knowledge of treatment options and cure prospects.     

The influence of urinary incontinence on quality of life of community-dwelling, 45-70 year old Dutch women

OBJECTIVE: To establish the prevalence of urinary incontinence in non-institutionalized Dutch women and determine the consequences of urinary incontinence for their quality of life. DESIGN: Cross sectional questionnaire survey. METHOD: A random sample of 1905 women aged 45-70 years of the population of Zeist, the Netherlands, were sent a questionnaire. Generic quality of life was measured with the RAND-36 and disease specific quality of life was measured with a Dutch translation of the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI) and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ). Based on the answers to the questionnaire four groups of women were formed: no incontinence, only stress, only urge or a combination of stress and urge incontinence. These 4 groups were compared as to questionnaire scores. RESULTS: A total of 1086 questionnaires could be analysed. The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 57.1%: 28.7% stress incontinence, 5.6% urge incontinence and 22.7% both. Of those who reported urinary incontinence 6% were severely inconvenienced by it. Women with urinary incontinence reported a decrease in physical functioning and vitality as compared with women without incontinence (RAND-36). Especially women with urge or a combination of stress and urge incontinence had more severe impairment of their quality of life as compared to women with only stress incontinence. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of urinary incontinence is higher than it is usually reported. Especially the urge component affects the quality of life in a negative way.     

盆底肌锻炼联合生物反馈电刺激治疗对产后盆底功能的影响

目的 探讨盆底肌肉锻炼联合生物反馈电刺激治疗的方法 对产后盆底功能的影响.方法 选取2013年1月至2014年12月在安康市妇幼保健院就诊的310例产妇为研究对象,按治疗方法 不同,将其分为常规疗法组(对照组)、盆底肌肉锻炼组(A组)、生物反馈电刺激治疗(B组)和盆底肌肉锻炼联合生物反馈电刺激组(C组),观察治疗后产妇阴道肌电压、尿失禁发生率、盆底器官脱垂发生率的变化,并分析其对盆底功能的影响.结果 各组产妇治疗后阴道肌电压虽均较治疗前有显著升高(t=-28.193~-15.092,均P<0.05),而组间治疗后比较差异有统计学意义(F=5.921,P<0.05),C组产妇阴道肌电压明显高于其它组(t对-C=18.101,tA-C=15.052,tB-C=16.511,均P<0.05).与治疗前相比,治疗后B组、C组产妇尿失禁发生率均显著降低(χ2b=9.244、χ2c=18.679,均P<0.05),治疗后尿失禁发生率组间比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.575,P<0.05),C组治疗后尿失禁发生率为6.41%,明显低于其它各组(χ2对-C=12.221,χ2A-C=11.292,χ2B-C=11.152,均P<0.05).与对照组相比,治疗后A组、B组、C组产妇盆底器官脱垂发生率均显著降低(χ2a=8.486、χ2b=8.375、χ2c=29.538,均P<0.05),治疗后盆底器官脱垂发生率组间比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.976,P<0.05),C组治疗后盆底器官脱垂发生率为16.67%,明显低于其它各组(χ2对-C=15.110,χ2A-C=13.551,χ2B-C=12.985,均P<0.05).结论 盆底肌肉锻炼联合生物反馈电刺激治疗对产后盆底功能恢复具有显著疗效,且联合疗法的疗效要显著优于单独使用盆底肌肉锻炼和生物反馈电刺激治疗.     

PROPEL: implementation of an evidence based pelvic floor muscle training intervention for women with pelvic organ prolapse: a realist evaluation and outcomes study protocol

Background

Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) is estimated to affect 41%–50% of women aged over 40. Findings from the multi-centre randomised controlled “Pelvic Organ Prolapse PhysiotherapY” (POPPY) trial showed that individualised pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) was effective in reducing symptoms of prolapse, improved quality of life and showed clear potential to be cost-effective. However, provision of PFMT for prolapse continues to vary across the UK, with limited numbers of women’s health physiotherapists specialising in its delivery. Implementation of this robust evidence from the POPPY trial will require attention to different models of delivery (e.g. staff skill mix) to fit with differing care environments.

Methods

A Realist Evaluation (RE) of implementation and outcomes of PFMT delivery in contrasting NHS settings will be conducted using multiple case study sites. Involving substantial local stakeholder engagement will permit a detailed exploration of how local sites make decisions on how to deliver PFMT and how these lead to service change. The RE will track how implementation is working; identify what influences outcomes; and, guided by the RE-AIM framework, will collect robust outcomes data. This will require mixed methods data collection and analysis.Qualitative data will be collected at four time-points across each site to understand local contexts and decisions regarding options for intervention delivery and to monitor implementation, uptake, adherence and outcomes. Patient outcome data will be collected at baseline, six months and one year follow-up for 120 women. Primary outcome will be the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Symptom Score (POP-SS). An economic evaluation will assess the costs and benefits associated with different delivery models taking account of further health care resource use by the women. Cost data will be combined with the primary outcome in a cost effectiveness analysis, and the EQ-5D-5L data in a cost utility analysis for each of the different models of delivery.

Discussion

Study of the implementation of varying models of service delivery of PFMT across contrasting sites combined with outcomes data and a cost effectiveness analysis will provide insight into the implementation and value of different models of PFMT service delivery and the cost benefits to the NHS in the longer term.