护理研究生培养模式的研究与探索

研究生教育是一个国家教育和科技发展水平的重要标志，护理研究生教育是培养护理管理、教育、科研以及临床高级人才的主要渠道。随着人民生活水平的提高，对健康提出了更高要求，肩负着推动中国护理专业发展方向重任的护理研究生教育，最终培养的人才是否能真正满足人类健康的需求，在中国高等护理专业蓬勃发展的今天显得尤其重要。     

在护理研究生教育中开设《护理教育学》的探讨

护理研究生教育是培养护理管理、教学、科研及临床创新人才的主要渠道，其培养质量直接影响护理事业的发展。然而由于我国护理研究生的教育起步较晚，仅10多年历史。因此。目前各高等院校在护理研究生的培养目标、课程设置、培养规格、培养方法、评价体系等许多方面还普遍存在缺乏规范性、系统性的问题。而《护理教育学》是护理学学科体系中一门新兴的交叉学科，目前在我国护理教育中的应用也还不十分成熟，不论在理论上，还是实践中可供借鉴的经验都很少。为了构建更具有专业特色的课程体系。满足高素质护理人才的培养需要，现将在护理研究生课程安排中开设《护理教育学》的实践与设想报告如下。     

护理研究生培养模式的研究与探索

研究生教育是一个国家教育和科技发展水平的重要标志,护理研究生教育是培养护理管理、教育、科研以及临床高级人才的主要渠道.随着人民生活水平的提高,对健康提出了更高要求,肩负着推动中国护理专业发展方向重任的护理研究生教育,最终培养的人才是否能真正满足人类健康的需求,在中国高等护理专业蓬勃发展的今天显得尤其重要.     

护理本科生科研创新能力培养存在的问题与探讨

护理专业作为现代医学的独立学科，其发展、成熟的关键在于高质量护理人才的培养。目前，我国的护理教育培养中专生、大专生、本科生和研究生（硕士、博士）等几个层次的人才。其中，中专生、大专生的培养主要用于满足临床日常护理工作的需要；研究生培养主要满足护理科研工作的需要。作为未来护理科研力量的主要补充者，护理本科生在学科发展中起着越来越重要的作用。     

基于岗位胜任力的口腔护理专业硕士研究生临床培养需求的质性研究

目的了解基于岗位胜任力的口腔护理专业硕士研究生临床培养的需求, 为完善研究生培养体系、提升口腔护理专业硕士研究生岗位胜任力提供依据。方法本研究为描述性质性研究。采用目的抽样法, 于2023年3—4月选取8名口腔护理专业硕士研究生进行半结构式深入访谈, 应用定向内容分析法进行资料整理分析。结果基于岗位胜任力的口腔护理专业硕士研究生临床培养需求可归纳为4个主题和13个亚主题, 分别为自我认知(对口腔护理的认识、对口腔护理专业硕士研究生的认识、对目前口腔护理专业硕士研究生培养模式的认识)、能力特质(自我学习能力、改革创新能力、人际交往能力)、学习动机(自我提升、职业发展、服务社会)、临床培养需求(理论知识、技能操作、科研创新能力、循证实践能力)。结论学校应联合医院制订针对口腔护理专业硕士研究生的临床培养计划, 针对口腔护理专业硕士研究生开展口腔专科理论及实践教学, 注重口腔护理专业硕士研究生科研创新能力及循证实践能力的培养, 帮助口腔护理专业硕士研究生进一步提高岗位胜任力。     

我国护理硕士教育培养方式研究进展

随着我国加入世界贸易组织(WTO)、国内经济体制的改革、人们对健康需求的不断提高、医学科学的发展、护理模式的转变和全球卫生保健形式的发展，我国护理行业将面临较大的挑战。特别是肩负着推动中国护理专业发展方向重任的护理硕士研究生教育，采用何种培养方式才能满足人类健康对于护理专业硕士生的要求显得尤为重要。教育作为一种培养人的产     

护理专业博士研究生培养现状及展望

目前,我国护理专业博士研究生的培养处于起步阶段,规模相对较小,师资力量分布不均衡。为探讨适应中国国情、具有鲜明专业特色的护理博士研究生培养模式,提高护理学高等教育的水平,综述了国内外护理专业博士研究生的培养模式,并从把好"入学关"、突出联合培养、优化课程设置、建立考核制度、拓宽学位类型、强化师资力量等方面提出了展望,以期为我国护理专业博士研究生的培养提供参考。     

护理学专业硕士学位研究生课程的设置和实施效果

护理学专业硕士学位研究生作为我国护理专业化进程中的生力军，将是临床高级护理实践活动的主要承担者，其培养质量直接影响着临床护理学科的发展。由于护理专业硕士学位研究生培养在我国刚刚起步，尚未形成系统规范的培养体系，培养过程中存在的许多问题还未解决。     

国内护理硕士研究生教育存在的问题及对策

<正>护理专业研究生教育是高等护理教育的重要组成部分,是培养护理管理、教学、科研及临床高级人才的主要渠道。我国护理专业硕士研究生教育最早开始于1990年,经过10多年的发展,全国硕士研究生教育已形成一定的规模[1]。     

护理专业毕业研究生就业情况调查分析

目的：了解护理专业研究生就业情况,分析其就业前景和社会需求,为改进护理专业研究生的培养模式提供参考。方法：采用工作满意度量表与专业认同量表等问卷,结合访谈法,调查北京大学护理学院1992～2008年间毕业的护理硕士研究生44人。结果：调查对象中30人（68．2％）从事护理教育工作,12人（27．3％）从事临床护理;工作满意度与专业认同得分分别为53．70±7．80,38．77±5．41。结论：目前护理硕士研究生毕业后以从事护理教育为主,今后护理硕士研究生教育应向多元化发展,重视理论与实践的结合,为培养临床护理专家提供平台。     

中美护理研究生教育者与受教育者真实体验的质性研究

目的深入了解和探索中美护理研究生教育者（导师）和受教育者（研究生）在护理研究生教育过程中的真实感受及体验，为中罔护理研究生教育发展提供借鉴。方法采用半定式个人深度访谈法访谈了来自中美医学院校护理系的13位导师以及在渎或已毕业的18位研究生。将获得的资料进行分析、整理、归纳出主题。结果得到了护理研究生导师和研究生本人在护理研究生教育过程中的各种不同感受、理念、需求和建议。结论受中美两国不同国情与文化、护理研究生教育的历史发展、医疗卫生服务体系特点、护士职业角色定位及护理研究生导师队伍建设等诸多因素的影响，中美护理研究生教育在培养目标、课程理念、课程类型、课程内容、课程实施和课程评价上存在不同。     

The teacher crisis in nursing education--revisited.

The nationwide shortage of teachers is severely and negatively impacting nursing. Many qualified applicants are being rejected by nursing schools, yet the quality of programs is jeopardized when faculty are hired with limited teaching experience and little, if any, formal education as teachers. The author reviews the development and status of graduate nursing education for teachers, documents strong arguments for increasing the number of graduate programs to prepare more teachers of nursing, and raises important questions about teacher education.     

Issues and trends in nursing service administration education.

The Council on Graduate Education for Administration in Nursing (CGEAN) was established to further the development and improvement of graduate education for administration in nursing. The Council seeks to identify the nature and direction of education for administration in nursing in various healthcare systems, providing guidelines for programs offering administration. A major goal of CGEAN is facilitating dialogue between nursing service administrators and graduate level educators who are engaged in teaching and research related to administration in nursing. This column, sponsored by members of the Council, will analyze and respond to position statements and trends related to the delivery of health services and graduate education for administrators in nursing.     

Education purchasers' views of nursing as an all graduate profession

The issue of whether nursing should be an all graduate profession is one of the most important questions currently facing the nursing profession. The literature indicates that there are differing views on this issue but that there is little research on the performance of graduate nurses in practice. Purchasers of education have played an increasingly significant part in nurse education since the advent of Working Paper 10 (WP10) (DOH 1989). Purchasers hold the resources for nurse education and can now decide whether to commission for diploma or degree level student nurses, therefore they will have a major influence on the outcome of this debate. The aim of this paper is to discuss the views of the purchasers of education about this issue. A purposeful sample of 34 key stakeholders involved in commissioning and contracting for education was selected and asked for their views on whether nursing will or should become an all graduate profession. Key areas that were focused upon were the problems that might emerge from an all graduate nursing profession, the advantages of graduate level nurses within the NHS, what graduateness is and what it might mean for nursing. The results indicated that purchasers were convinced of the importance of nursing graduates but only as part of the workforce. Alternative ways of increasing the percentage of graduates rather than in pre-registration education were preferred with pathways of education linked to continuing professional development. Significantly, the participants were able to articulate the attributes of a degree level education for clinical practice including leadership, assertiveness, and reflective, critical skills.     

我国护理专业研究生培养面临的问题与挑战

我国开展护理专业研究生教育已有10余年,面对人们的健康需求、教育需求不断变化,需要及时做出反思,以便迎接更大的挑战。目前的护理专业研究生教育在学科定位和培养类型、培养目标、专业设置、课程设置、导师队伍建设等方面面临着诸多问题,应明确这些问题,寻求解决方案,为今后护理专业研究生的培养提供更大的空间。     

Developing a community nursing center

With the move to community-based nursing education, schools of nursing are seeking ways to implement high-quality clinical experiences for undergraduate and graduate students in partnership with the community. The author presents ten tips for the development of a community nursing center that accomplishes this goal.     

Education purchasers’ views of nursing as an all graduate profession

The issue of whether nursing should be an all graduate profession is one of the most important questions currently facing the nursing profession. The literature indicates that there are differing views on this issue but that there is little research on the performance of graduate nurses in practice. Purchasers of education have played an increasingly significant part in nurse education since the advent of Working Paper 10 (WP10) (DOH 1989). Purchasers hold the resources for nurse education and can now decide whether to commission for diploma or degree level student nurses, therefore they will have a major influence on the outcome of this debate. The aim of this paper is to discuss the views of the purchasers of education about this issue. A purposeful sample of 34 key stakeholders involved in commissioning and contracting for education was selected and asked for their views on whether nursing will or should become an all graduate profession. Key areas that were focused upon were the problems that might emerge from an all graduate nursing profession, the advantages of graduate level nurses within the NHS, what graduateness is and what it might mean for nursing. The results indicated that purchasers were convinced of the importance of nursing graduates but only as part of the workforce. Alternative ways of increasing the percentage of graduates rather than in pre-registration education were preferred with pathways of education linked to continuing professional development. Significantly, the participants were able to articulate the attributes of a degree level education for clinical practice including leadership, assertiveness, and reflective, critical skills.     

Pursuing graduate studies in nursing education: driving and restraining forces

This article articulates the growing shortage of nursing faculty and identifies factors that impact nurses' decisions to pursue graduate studies in nursing education. Kurt Lewin's Force Field Analysis and a Decision Matrix are applied to the process of pursuing graduate studies in nursing education. When driving forces outweigh restraining forces, nurses are more likely to pursue graduate studies in nursing education. Innovative solutions to strengthen driving forces and overcome restraining forces include: offering more programs with a focus in nursing education; financial support; flexible program delivery options, including more online graduate programs; mentoring; and collaborations between employers and academic institutions. The implications of this analysis for nurses, academic nurse leaders and nursing faculty, nurse employers, and governing bodies are presented.     

试论护理本科生职业生涯发展规划的全程教育

文章阐述了对护理本科生开展职业生涯发展规划全程教育的必要性以及实施的方法,以帮助教师将职业生涯发展规划的知识运用于护理专业教学中,提升学生专业发展的科学性和有效性。