Arthroscopy-assisted reconstruction of acute “floating popliteus tendon injury” in a mutiple-ligament knee injury

We describe a patient with both a femoral attachment injury(peel-off injury) and musculotendinous junction avulsion of the popliteus, a so-called “floating popliteus tendon injury”, treated with arthroscopy-assisted popliteus reconstruction. The injured ligaments were addressed in the same procedure, which included the following: mini-open direct repair of the femoral avulsed fibular collateral ligament(FCL), suture repair of the grade 3 medial collateral ligament(MCL), and reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament(PCL).     

Knee function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with patellar or hamstring tendon: a meta-analysis

Background  There is currently no consensus regarding the best graft type for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of patellar and hamstring tendon grafts on long-term knee function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Methods  This meta-analysis was conducted according to the methodological guidelines outlined by the Cochrane Collaboration. An electronic search of the literature was performed and all trials published between January 1966 and August 2011 comparing knee function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using patellar tendon grafts with knee function after reconstruction with hamstring tendon grafts were pooled. Six studies were included in the final meta-analysis.

Results  Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using hamstring tendon grafts resulted in greater pain upon kneeling than reconstruction using patellar tendon grafts (P=0.001). However, both grafts resulted in similar levels of anterior tibial translation, and similar results regarding isokinetic extension/flexion tests, Lysholm scores, and the stair-hop test (P >0.05).

Conclusion  Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using patellar or hamstring tendon grafts results in similar long-term knee function.

     

Coronary spasm, a pathogenic trigger of vulnerable plaque rupture

Objective  This coronary artery spasm review aimed to explore the most possible pathogenic trigger mechanism of vulnerable plaque rupture. 

Data sources  Data used in this coronary artery spasm review were mainly from Medline and Pubmed in English.

Study selection  These reports from major review on coronary artery spasm .and these research included coronary artery conception, pathogenesis of spasm, mechanisms of plaque rupture, epidemiological evidence, clinical manifestation and the relationship between coronary artery spasm and vulnerable plaque rupture.

Results  Coronary artery spasm is somehow related to the presence of atherosclerotic intima disease in the coronary artery. However, chronic low-grade inflammation causes coronary vessel smooth muscle cell hypersensitivity, which can directely cause coronary artery spasm. Myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death may be initiated by a sudden intense localized contraction of coronary artery smooth muscle.

Conclusion  Coronary artery spasm may be one trigger that can initiate and exacerbate vulnerable plaque rupture.

     

Characteristics of bone tunnel changes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using Ligament Advanced Reinforcement System artificial ligament

Background  There are different materials used for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. It has been reported that both autologous grafts and allografts used in ACL reconstruction can cause bone tunnel enlargement. This study aimed to observe the characteristics of bone tunnel changes and possible causative factors following ACL reconstruction using Ligament Advanced Reinforcement System (LARS) artificial ligament.

Methods  Forty-three patients underwent ACL reconstruction using LARS artificial ligament and were followed up for 3 years. X-ray and CT examinations were performed at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after surgery, to measure the width of tibial and femoral tunnels. Knee function was evaluated according to the Lysholm scoring system. The anterior and posterior stability of the knee was measured using the KT-1000 arthrometer.

Results  According to the Peyrache grading method, grade 1 femoral bone tunnel enlargement was observed in three cases six months after surgery. No grade 2 or grade 3 bone tunnel enlargement was found. The bone tunnel enlargement in the three cases was close to the articular surface with an average tunnel enlargement of (2.5±0.3) mm. Forty cases were evaluated as grade 0. The average tibial and femoral tunnel enlargements at the last follow-up were (0.8±0.3) and (1.1±0.3) mm, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in bone tunnel width changes at different time points (P >0.05). X-ray and CT measurements were consistent.

Conclusions  There was no marked bone tunnel enlargement immediately following ACL reconstruction using LARS artificial ligament. Such enlargement may, however, result from varying grafting factors involving the LARS artificial ligament or from different fixation methods.

     

Expression of Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF-C in serum and tissue of Wilms tumor

Background  Angiogenesis and lymphogenesis which were promoted by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF-C are important in the growth and metastasis of solid tumors. The high level of VEGF and VEGF-C were distributed in numerous types of cancers, but their distribution and expression in Wilms tumor, the most common pediatric tumor of the kidney, was unclear.

Methods  To learn about the distribution, mass spectroscopy and immunohistochemistry were used to measure the level of VEGF and VEGF-C in serum and tissue of Wilms tumor.

Results  The expression level of VEGF in serum of Wilms tumor was the same as in pre-surgery and control, so it was the same case of VEGF-C. Both of these factors were chiefly located in Wilms tumor tissue, but not in borderline and normal. In addition, the higher clinical staging and histopathologic grading were important elements in high expression of VEGF and VEGF-C. Gender, age and the size of tumor have not certainly been implicated in expression level of VEGF and VEGF-C.

Conclusions  The lymph node metastasis and growth of tumors resulted from angiogenesis and lymphogenesis which were promoted by VEGF and VEGF-C in Wilms tumor. The autocrine and paracrine process of VEGF and VEGF-C were the principal contributor to specific tissues of Wilms tumor but not to the entire body.

     

Identification of proteins that interact with murine cytomegalovirus early protein M112-113 in brain

Background  Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) early protein M112-113 is involved in viral DNA replication and believed to play a crucial role in the viral pathogenesis. To investigate the biological function of M112-113 protein in the pathogenesis of the brain disorders caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV), a screening for proteins interacting with M112-113 was performed by a yeast two-hybrid system.

Methods  Bait plasmid pGBKT7-M112-113 was constructed and transformed into AH109 yeast. After confirmation of the expression of MCMV M112-113 in yeast, the bait yeast was mated with a prey yeast containing mouse brain cDNA library plasmid to screen the proteins interacting with M112-113. Interactions between M112-113 and the obtained proteins were verified by yeast two-hybrid assay and chemiluminescent co-immunoprecipitaion.

Results  Two proteins interacting with M112-113 were identified, including metastasis-associated 1 (MTA1) and zinc finger, CCHC domain containing 18 (ZCCHC18). M112-113 protein could interact with MTA1 or ZCCHC18 in yeast and mammalian cells.

Conclusion  The interactions of M112-113 with MTA1 or ZCCHC18 may be related to the pathogenesis of MCMV-associated disease in central nervous system.

     

Visualization of Medpor implants using surface rendering

Background  The Medpor surgical implant is one of the easiest implants in clinical practice, especially in craniomaxillofacial surgery. It is often used as a bone substitute material for the repair of skull defects and facial deformities. The Medpor implant has several advantages but its use is limited because it is radiolucent in both direct radiography and conventional computed tomography, causing serious problems with visualization. 

Methods  In this study, a new technique for visualizing Medpor implants was evaluated in 10 patients who had undergone facial reconstruction using the material. Continuous volume scans were made using a 16-channel tomographic scanner and 3D reconstruction software was used to create surface renderings. The threshold values for surface renderings of the implant ranged from –70 HU to –20 HU, with bone as the default. 

Results  The shape of the implants and the spatial relationship between bone and implant could both be displayed.

Conclusion  Surface rendering can allow successful visualization of Medpor implants in the body.

     

Anatomical study of the anterolateral and posteromedial bundles of the posterior cruciate ligament for double-bundle reconstruction using the quadruple bone-tunnel technique

Background  Several techniques have been described for posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction. However, double-bundle PCL reconstruction using the quadruple bone-tunnel technique has been seldom reported. The current study investigated this technique, focusing on the anatomy of the femoral and tibial insertions of the anterolateral (AL) and posteromedial (PM) bundles of the PCL.

Methods  Twenty-two fresh, healthy adult cadaveric knees were dissected and measured. The PCL was divided into the AL bundle and PM bundle at the insertion footprint. The insertion footprints of the AL and PM bundles, their location, size, and the clock positions were measured and described.

Results  On the femur, the clock position of the footprint of the AL bundle was 11:21±0:23 (left) or 0:39±0:23 (right), and the PM bundle was 9:50±0:18 (left) or 2:10±0:18 (right), with the knee flexed at 90 degrees. The distances from the center of the femoral insertions of the AL and PM bundles to the anterior cartilage margins of the medial femoral condyle were (7.79±1.22) mm and (8.36±1.63) mm, respectively. On the tibia, the vertical distances from the center of the tibial insertions of the AL and PM bundles to the tibial articular surface were (3.25±1.20) mm and (6.91±1.57) mm, respectively.

Conclusions  These results have led to a better definition of the anatomy of the AL and PM bundle footprint of the PCL. The technique of double-bundle PCL reconstruction using quadruple bone-tunnel is feasible. Application of these data during PCL reconstruction using the quadruple bone-tunnel technique may help optimize knee stability.

     

Fibrinogen and P-selectin expression in atherosclerosis model of Sprague Dawley rat

Background  Platelet P-selectin plays an important role in inflammation and contributes to thrombosis and hemostasis. Fibrinogen may take part in inflammation, thrombosis, and hemostasis via enhancement of platelet P-selectin expression. This study aimed to discover the correlation between them in atherosclerosis model of Sprague Dawley (SD) rat.

Methods  Diet-induced atherosclerosis SD rats were adopted as experimental models. The blood from the common abdominal aorta of the rats was obtained to measure the biochemical characteristics and for the check of flow cytometry. Then the aortas were separated carefully, taken out, put into 10% (w/v) neutral formalin for later use. Then fibrinogen and P-selectin expression were detected by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry.

Results  SD rats were induced to atherosclerosis model by high fat diet and vitamin D2 injected. It was discovered that the binding of fibrinogen and the expression of P-selectin on the platelet increase in atherosclerosis model (Group H) than in that in the control group (Group Z), there were closely interrelated. High levels of fibrinogen and P-selectin express on the artery of atherosclerosis rat model.

Conclusions  Fibrinogen and P-selectin are concerned with atherosclerosis. Fibrinogen can interact with P-selectin in order to contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, high levels of fibrinogen and P-selectin can be regarded as risk factors for markers of atherosclerosis.

     

Collagen membrane alleviates peritendinous adhesion in the rat Achilles tendon injury model

Background  Tendon adhesion is one of the most common causes of disability following tendon surgery. Therefore, prevention of peritendinous adhesion after surgical repair of tendon is a major challenge. The aim of this study was to explore the possible application of a collagen membrane for the prevention or attenuation of peritendinous adhesions.

Methods  Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat Achilles tendon was cut and sutured by a modified Kessler’s technique with or without the collagen membrane wrapped. Macroscopic, morphological and biomechanical evaluations were applied to examine the recovery of the injured tendon at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery.

Results  The surgery group wrapped by collagen membranes had a better outcome than the group with surgery repair only. In the collagen membrane-treated group, less adhesion appeared, stronger tensile strength was detected, and more tendon fibers and collagen I expression were observed morphologically.

Conclusion  Wrapping the tendon with a collagen membrane may be an efficient approach for tendon repair and preventing tendon adhesion after its ruptures.

     

强生Fastin RC锚钉治疗Ⅲ度膝关节内侧副韧带损伤的临床疗效观察

目的：评价应用强生Fastin RC锚钉治疗Ⅲ度膝关节内恻副韧带损伤的临床疗效。方法：2006年6月-2008年6月对76例Ⅲ度膝关节内侧副韧带损伤患者应用强生Fastin RC锚钉进行原位修复手术。结果：术后随访75例，随访4-24个月．优良率为92．11％。结论：强生Fastin RC锚钉固定治疗膝关节内侧副韧带损伤能恢复韧带的原有解剖结构，且能提供足够的生物力学支持，是治疗Ⅲ度禳关节内侧副韧带损伤的一种有效方法。     

半腱肌移位静力性重建修复膝内侧副韧带体部损伤

目的探讨半腱肌移位静力性重建修复膝内侧副韧带的方法和疗效。方法对33例膝内侧副韧带断裂患者进行手术治疗,采用游离半腱肌,保留远端止点,游离并切断近端,通过骨隧道挤压螺钉固定的方法修复内侧副韧带。结果33例患者采用lysholm评分法评估患者手术前后的功能,术前平均43.88分,术后平均81.9分。结论半腱肌移位静力性重建修复膝内侧副韧带,发挥了膝内侧副韧带固有的生物力学效能,关节功能恢复满意。     

近端指间关节侧副韧带断裂二种手术治疗方法的效果比效

目的:比较韧带修复手术及韧带重建手术对近端指间关节侧副韧带损伤的治疗效果。方法:2003年~2006年对50例(58指)侧副韧带损伤随机分组,用以上两种手术方法分别治疗27指及31指。结果:经随诊1~3d,按Saetta等标准判定疗效,侧副韧带修复组27指,优良率66.7%,侧副韧带重建组31指,优良率93.5%,经卡方检验,有显著性养异(χ2=10.45,P<0.05)。结论:近端指间关节侧副韧带损伤韧带重建术优于韧带修复术。     

急性膝关节后外侧结构损伤的MRI诊断

目的评价MRI诊断膝关节后外侧结构损伤的临床价值。方法回顾性分析19例膝关节后外侧结构损伤的MRI表现，分析肌腱韧带形态和信号的改变及伴随征象。结果19侧MRI均有异常表现，外侧副韧带完全撕裂7例，部分撕裂9例，胭肌腱完全撕裂3例，部分撕裂9例，膊腓韧带部分撕裂1例，MRI表现为韧带／肌腱连续性中断或部分中断，撕裂处不同程度的信号增高。结论MR检查可以较好地显示及评估膝关节后外侧结构，判断是否存在损伤及其有无其它的并发损伤。     

急性内侧髌股韧带分段损伤MRI初步评价

目的:探讨急性内侧髌股韧带髌骨段、股骨段损伤的MRI表现特点,为治疗提供依据.方法:收集我院2008年1月至2012年2月经意大利ESAOTE 0.2 T开放式专用关节磁共振和GE 1.5 T Twin Speed Infinity with Excite Ⅱ磁共振检查并临床证实的32例急性内侧髌股韧带损伤病例,分析急性内侧髌股韧带损伤髌骨段、股骨段各自伴发髌骨脱位、髌骨骨软骨损伤、内侧副韧带损伤等差异.结果:急性内侧髌股韧带损伤髌骨段、股骨段各自伴发髌骨脱位率和伴发髌骨骨软骨损伤率间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但伴发内侧副韧带损伤率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:急性内侧髌股韧带损伤时髌骨段与股骨段损伤各有一定特点,MRI评价其损伤有一定临床意义.     

Injuries to the posterior cruciate ligament and posterolateral instabilities of the knee

Unlike anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, disability from isolated posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury varies from no interference with life style to severe impairment of daily activities. Therefore, management of isolated PCL injuries remains controversial. High-energy vehicular accidents often cause more-serious PCL injuries, while less-severe injuries result from low-energy trauma including sports. The natural history and prognosis of PCL injury are correlated with the type and extent of instability and the development of degenerative changes in the knee. Indications for surgery include pain and instability of the knee. Arthroscopic single-bundle PCL reconstruction improved the function and stability of the knee with 77.4% satisfactory results in medium-term follow-up. Complete restoration of ligament stability was achieved in only 52% of knees, while 1/3 of the knees showed mild and 9.7% showed moderate residual ligament laxity. The incidence of degenerative changes was 52%, and the rate was correlated with duration of injury and severity of ligament laxity. Therefore, the significance of PCL injury has been overly simplified, and the functional disability of knees with PCL injury underestimated. Early surgical reconstruction of knees with grade III PCL injury is recommended. PCL injury is frequently associated with multiple ligamentous injuries. Combined PCL and posterolateral instabilities are serious knee injuries and frequently result in severe functional disability due to pain, instability, and degenerative changes in the knee. Unlike isolated PCL injury, there is a consensus of opinion that surgical reconstruction is indicated in knees with combined PCL and posterolateral instabilities. Commonly employed methods of reconstruction of the posterolateral corner include popliteus reconstruction, lateral collateral reconstruction or advancement, and a combination of the two. Combined arthroscopic PCL reconstruction and posterolateral reconstruction achieved 64% satisfactory (24% excellent and 40% good) and 36% unsatisfactory (24% fair and 12% poor) results over an average of 32 months of follow-up. Complete restoration of ligament stability was noted in only 44% of knees. The incidence of degenerative changes was 44%, and the rate was correlated with duration from injury to surgery and severity of ligament laxity. Despite the fact that currently employed surgical techniques only achieve modest success in restoration of ligament stability, early surgical reconstruction in knees with combined PCL and posterolateral instabilities achieved the best clinical results and a high rate of patient satisfaction.     

急性膝关节后外侧角损伤的核磁共振成像评价

目的评价急性膝关节后外侧角损伤的核磁共振成像(MRI)表现及诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经关节镜确诊的20例后外侧角损伤患者的MRI表现,分析韧带、肌腱等形态、走行、信号强度改变以及伴随征象。结果所有的膝关节后外侧角损伤均伴有其他结构的损伤,尤其是交叉韧带的撕裂。MRI诊断膝关节外侧副韧带损伤的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为82.4%、66.7%、80%;腘肌腱损伤的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别85.7%、50%、75%。结论MRI是诊断急性膝关节后外侧角损伤的理想的检查方法。熟悉后外侧角复杂的解剖结构有助于提高MRI诊断准确率。     

MRI在下肢长骨骨折合并膝关节损伤中的应用

目的:探讨MRI在下肢长骨骨折合并膝关节损伤中的应用价值。方法:对我院2006年6月至2008年12月收治的股骨干及胫腓骨骨折合并膝关节有症状者行膝关节MRI检查。结果:在接受膝关节MRI检查的患者中,发现韧带损伤30例,其中内侧副韧带损伤15例,外侧副韧带损伤例6,前交叉韧带损伤12例,后交叉韧带损伤7例,其它合并损伤有内侧半月板损伤6例,外侧半月板损伤13例,内外侧半月板均损伤1例。在前交叉韧带损伤组中,有6例为完全性断裂者行关节镜下韧带重建,后交叉韧带组中有2例为完全性断裂者行手术重建。平均随访14.6个月(5～36个月),关节功能采用Lysholm评分法行手术结果评分,平均分为83分(72～93分)。结论:MRI能安全、快捷地对膝关节损伤作出全面而准确的诊断,并可为临床制订合理的治疗方案提供可靠的依据,但MRI仍存在一定的局限性。     

全关节镜下肌腱重建与切开腓韧带重建治疗膝关节后外旋转不稳定的对比

目的：对比全关节镜下腘肌腱重建技术和切开腘腓韧带重建技术治疗膝关节后外复合体损伤的临床随访结果。方法： 2003年8月至2010年12月就诊于北京积水潭医院的33例膝关节后交叉韧带损伤合并A型后外复合体损伤的患者,对所有患者行后交叉韧带重建和后外复合体重建手术（15例全关节镜下腘肌腱重建,18例切开的腘腓韧带重建）。术前和术后的膝关节稳定性评估包括膝关节应力像、KT-1000测量胫骨最大前后向位移和胫骨外旋试验。结果： 术后所有患者均获得2年以上随访。全关节镜下腘肌腱重建组与切开腘腓韧带重建组的膝关节应力像、KT-1000测量胫骨最大前后向位移和屈膝30°胫骨外旋试验在手术前后差异均有统计学意义（P<0.001）。组间对比显示,除了术前膝关节应力像和KT-1000测量胫骨最大前后向位移在两组间差异有统计学意义（P=0.014,P<0.001）,其他指标组间差异均没有统计学意义（P>0.05）。所有患者膝关节活动度没有伸直受限,两组术后屈膝受限分别为3.33°± 4.88°和3.06°± 3.38°。结论： 全关节镜下腘肌腱和切开腘腓韧带重建联合后交叉韧带重建能够显著改善膝关节后向和后外旋转稳定性,两种技术之间没有显著性差异。     

锚钉修补联合切开复位内固定术治疗踝关节三踝骨折伴内侧副韧带损伤疗效分析

目的 探讨锚钉修补联合切开复位内固定术治疗踝关节三踝骨折伴内侧副韧带损伤的临床疗效,为临床后续治疗提供参考依据。 方法 将2016年4月—2019年6月宁波大学医学院附属医院骨科收治的77例踝关节三踝骨折伴内侧副韧带损伤患者作为研究对象,对所选患者进行锚钉修补联合切开复位内固定术治疗。所有患者均随访1.5年,运用Baird标准对踝关节功能进行评估,同时观察机械性踝关节不稳等相关并发症发生情况。 结果 77例踝关节三踝骨折伴内侧副韧带损伤患者行锚钉修补联合切开复位内固定术后全部复位成功,术后功能恢复较为满意;交通事故伤、运动伤、坠落伤患者切开复位内固定术后踝关节功能恢复优良率分别为100.00%、100.00%、90.48%,3种不同损伤因素的踝关节三踝骨折伴内侧副韧带损伤患者踝关节功能恢复优良率比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=5.476,P=0.144);术后1.5年随访中均未出现机械性踝关节不稳等相关并发症。 结论 踝关节三踝骨折伴内侧副韧带损伤患者行锚钉修补联合切开复位内固定术,可有效提升踝关节灵活性、稳定性,且踝关节恢复情况佳。