铸造工人腰背痛流行病学特征

[目的 ]描述铸造工人腰背痛流行病学特征 ,探讨职业相关因素。 [方法 ]对 6 17名铸造工人进行背部骨科体检和疼痛测量。 [结果 ]清理和造型工种背部压痛阳性率显著高于后勤组 ,OR值分别达 6 16和 11 90 ,控制性别、年龄和工龄等混杂因素后 ,OR值更为加大 ;曾有腰背痛主诉没有差异 ,但与目前工作有关的调整腰背痛患病率仍以清理和造型高 ,与后勤比OR值在 2倍左右。造型工疼痛诱因以过度用力、重复劳动和不良姿势为主 ,共占 88 4%。腰背疼痛强度多为中等度。 [结论 ]静态弯腰作业和重体力弯腰作业与腰背痛患病率密切相关     

2003年枣庄矿区煤矿生产工人高血压患病情况调查

[目的 ]了解煤矿生产工人的高血压患病情况 ,以便制定矿区高血压的防治措施。 [方法 ] 2 0 0 3年在枣庄矿业集团公司抽取 2个有代表性的煤矿 ,对 5 75 3名生产工人的高血压患病情况进行调查。 [结果 ]煤矿生产工人高血压患病率为 3 0 2 8% ,男性高于女性 ,患病率随着年龄和工龄的增长而增高 ,井下工种的患病率明显高于地面工 ;高血压患者中单纯舒张压升高的占 40 3 0 %。 [结论 ]煤矿生产工人高血压患病率较高 ,应积极采取干预措施 ,降低其患病率。     

低血压患病及其危险因素的分类树研究

[目的]了解居民低血压患病情况,探讨低血压的危险因素。[方法]利用广东省 2002 年居民营养与健康状况调查数据,分析15 951名15岁以上常住居民低血压患病情况,应用分类树模型分析其危险因素。[结果]低血压的患病率为3 9%,女性及低年龄组人群患病率较高。低血压的分类树分析中,共有7个中间结、8个终结点。女性、白领、睡眠时间长是低血压的危险因素,高年龄组、独居、重度职业性体力活动、腰围粗、体重指数高、高盐摄入、血脂高是其保护因素。分类树模型的灵敏度与特异度在学习集分别为 93 4%和 77 1%,在检验集分别为 83 2%和 77 9%。[结论]女性及低年龄组人群是低血压的高发人群;女性、白领、睡眠时间长是低血压的危险因素。     

2001年兴宁市部分居民脂肪肝患病现况调查

[目的 ]了解兴宁市不同行业人群脂肪肝患病现况。 [方法 ]分析 2 0 0 1年部分教师和企业员工健康体检资料中肝脏B超检查结果。 [结果 ]检查 13 0 8人 ,脂肪肝 14 1人 ,患病率为 10 78%。脂肪肝患病率男性与女性分别为11 46%、9 18%,3 0～ 40岁男性高于女性 ,企业员工高于教师。 [结论 ]人群脂肪肝患病率较高 ,应广泛开展宣传教育 ,增强人们的卫生意识 ,提高自我保健能力 ,以预防脂肪肝     

2003年盐城市盐都区部分农村居民手足甲癣患病情况调查

[目的 ]了解农村居民手足甲癣患病情况 ,探讨影响因素。 [方法 ] 2 0 0 3年在盐城市盐都区农村 ,随机抽取 16岁以上常住人口 62 3 8人 ,进行检查。 [结果 ]调查对象手足甲癣患病率为 5 6 3 2 % ,男女患病率的差异无统计学意义 ,文化层次低、高年龄段人群患病率相对较高 ,87 5 0 %的患者未治疗或不规范治疗。 [结论 ]农村居民的手足甲癣患病率较高 ,应积极预防和治疗。     

邹城市城区部分成年居民高血压患病及其危险因素调查

[目的 ]了解城区居民高血压患病情况及其危险因素 ,为开展高血压防治提供依据。 [方法 ] 2 0 0 3年在邹城市城区整群抽取单位、居民组 2 0岁以上人群 ,测量血压、身高、体重 ,了解高血压有关危险因素。 [结果 ]调查 3 2 5 8人 ,高血压患病率为 17 2 5 %。与高血压患病有关的危险因素有吸烟、饮酒、口味偏咸、超重与肥胖、缺少体育锻炼 (RR =1 3 4、2 2 6、1 17、3 68、2 5 9) ;父亲患高血压、脑卒中与母亲患脑卒中的子女高血压患病率较高 (RR =1 5 0、2 45、1 89) ;住在闹市区的患病率高于住在郊区的 ,住楼房的高于住平房的 (RR =2 0 6、1 65 )。 [结论 ]邹城市城区居民高血压患病率较高 ,应针对有关危险因素开展高血压防治工作。     

泰兴市35岁以上居民原发性高血压患病情况及其危险因素研究

[目的 ]了解泰兴市居民原发性高血压患病情况及其危险因素。 [方法 ] 2 0 0 0年以村 (居委会 )为单位 ,抽样调查 3 5岁以上居民 2 0 5 48人 ,调查原发性高血压的患病情况及其危险因素。 [结果 ]调查对象中 ,高血压患病率为3 7 5 % ;高血压患者的高血压知晓率、治疗率和控制率分别为 19 6%、12 7%、8 8% ;多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果 ,高血压发病的主要危险因素为年龄、BMI、吸烟、高血压家族史、口味偏咸、睡眠时间少 ,蔬菜、油脂摄入量为保护性因素。 [结论 ]泰兴市高血压患病人数众多 ,亟需开展社区高血压的综合防治 ,普及防治知识 ,做好查、治、管工作     

2002年枣庄市18岁以上居民慢性病患病情况调查及影响因素分析

[目的 ]探讨枣庄市人群慢性病患病情况及其影响因素。 [方法 ] 2 0 0 2年 6～ 10月在枣庄市常住的 18岁以上人群中分层随机抽取农村 93 9户、2 3 40人 ,城区 60 1户、14 16人进行入户调查。 [结果 ]调查 3 75 6人 ,慢性病患者 62 8例 ,患病率为 16 71% ,其中城区为 2 1 11% ,农村为 14 0 6%。心脑血管病、高血压、糖尿病患疾病病率城区高于农村 ,慢性支气管炎、骨关节病患病率农村高于城区 ;心脑血管病、高血压、糖尿病、慢性支气管炎、胃肠道和骨关节疾病患病率均随着年龄的增长而增高 ;主要慢性病的患病率与地区、职业、文化水平、经济收入等有一定关系。 [结论 ]要针对不同人群的患病特点 ,采取相应措施 ,预防和减少慢性病的发病     

包钢知识分子代谢综合征患病及其易患因素的非条件Logistic回归分析

[目的 ]了解包钢知识分子代谢综合征的患病情况与易患因素。 [方法 ] 2 0 0 0年 3月至 2 0 0 1年 1月 ,对包钢接受体检的 35岁以上知识分子 3 1 4 8人进行代谢综合征患病情况及其有关因素的调查 ,并以调查对象进行非条件Logistic回归分析。 [结果 ]代谢综合征的患病率为 4 8%。代谢综合征的易患因素为糖尿病家族史、年龄的增长、酗酒、吸烟、高脂饮食 ,保护性因素为增加体力活动与知道WHO建议的摄盐量。 [结论 ]应根据研究结果 ,采取相应防治措施 ,降低知识分子的代谢综合征发病率     

2003年深圳市南山区部分中小学生常见病患病情况调查

[目的 ]了解中小学生常见病患病现状 ,探讨其影响因素 ,以便更好地开展学校卫生工作。 [方法 ] 2 0 0 3年在深圳市南山区随机抽查中小学校各 3所 ,调查 62 5 5名学生常见病患病情况。 [结果 ]调查学生 62 5 5名 ,视力不良率为3 4 3 % ,龋患率为 2 0 8% ,沙眼患病率为 2 9% ,营养不良率为 3 1% ,肥胖率为 8 9% ;常住与暂住 ,男生与女生 ,小学生、初中生和高中生之间各种常见病患病率均有所不同。 [结论 ]深圳市南山区中小学生视力低下、龋齿、肥胖、营养不良患病率仍然较高 ,视力低下患病率最高 ,今后当地学校卫生工作的重点是预防视力低下。     

坐位作业工人下背痛流行病学调查及其工效学评价

选择固定坐位作业的电子行业工人１１６３名作为观察组，另选年龄、性别、工龄相近可自由变换体位的９４６名行政管理人员、宾馆服务人员作为对照组。调查结果表明：观察组人员下背痛患病率为９．８％，明显高于对照组的４．２％（Ｐ＜０．０１），且随工龄延长升高，ＯＲ值为２．４６。某些体检指标阳性率也明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。装配、测试、准备、焊接等工种下背痛患病率明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。５１．６％患     

An evaluation of low back pain among female brick field workers of West Bengal,India

Objectives

The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) among brick field workers and to explore attributed causes of LBP, investigate the relationship between LBP and psychophysical and psychosocial factors and measure the impact of LBP.

Methods

A modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire along with Body Part Discomfort scale were administered to brick field workers (N = 148). Working posture of the participants was assessed using Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method.

Results

The study showed that 70 % of the female workers reported LBP due to awkward working posture for prolonged period of time. This was mainly reported by brick moulders. 45 % reported LBP due to manual material handling (MMH) and 40 % due to awkward lifting of heavy objects (brick). The study shows that the LBP is more prevalent (OR 1.59 and 95 % CI 0.411–6.207). 78 % of the female workers want the job rotation to relieve from their job monotony.

Conclusions

LBP occurred among female workers due to awkward posture, repetitive work and MMH. This study also stated that psychosocial cause of LBP is inadequacy income, monotony work, job dissatisfaction. Working posture analysis REBA suggests that all the working postures are high-risk level.     

重体力劳动者腰背痛疾患的调查研究

目的研究和分析腰背痛对重体力劳动作业者的影响。方法比较两组的患病率、复发率、缺勤天数及其治疗费用。结果重体力劳动者的患病率和100人年的缺勤天数显著高于对照组 ,重体力劳动组的医疗费用是对照组的9.03倍。结论腰背痛不仅影响体力劳动者的健康 ,且消耗大量的卫生和社会资源。     

Economic impact of work disability due to chronic low back pain from the patient perspective

ObjectivesLow back pain (LBP) is one of the main expenditure items for health systems. Data on the economic impact of LBP are uncommon from the patient perspective. The aim of this study was to estimate the economic impact of work disability related to chronic LBP from the patient perspective.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis from patients aged over 17 years suffering from non-specific LBP for at least 3 months. Systematic medical, social and economic assessments were collected: pain duration and intensity; functional disability with the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale (0–100); quality of life with the Dallas Pain Questionnaire; job category; employment status; duration of work disability due to LBP, and income. Factors associated with loss of income were identified by multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsWe included 244 workers (mean age 43 ± 9 years; 36% women); 199 patients had work disability, including 196 who were on sick leave, 106 due to job injury. Three were unemployed due to layoff for incapacity. The mean loss of income for patients with work disability was 14% [SD 24, range −100 to 70] and was significantly less for patients on sick leave due to job injury than on sick leave not related to job injury (p < 0.0001). On multivariable analysis, the probability of loss of income with LBP was about 50% less for overseers and senior managers than workers or employees (odds ratio 0.48 [95% confidence interval 0.23–0.99]).ConclusionWork disability due to LBP resulted in loss of income in our study. The loss of income depended on the type of social protection and job category. It was reduced for patients on sick leave related to work injury and for overseers and senior managers.     

Association of working postures and some lifestyles with low back pain in a manufactory]

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between work and low back pain (LBP) by examining both working postures and the workers' everyday lifestyle. Subjects were 118 male workers in a small-to-medium-sized factory having three kinds of workplaces: the slit line, the packing line, and the crane unit. Working posture analysis with OWAS and interviews were carried out. The result of posture analysis showed that the standing posture with both legs straight and back bent appeared most frequently in all three workplaces. Meanwhile, the prevalence of LBP was almost equal among these groups, with 70% of workers having experienced LBP in each group. But the main cause of LBP differed among the three groups. On the slit line, the result of regression analysis and interview suggested that exercises in the past affected the prevalence of LBP, and that aging and work made LBP worse. On the packing line, many workers were transferred to other positions after a few years, and thus might affect the prevalence of LBP in other workplaces. For the crane unit, it appeared that work in previous positions might affect the occurrence of LBP. Moreover, it seemed that activities in the workplace, rather than lifestyles, contribute to the occurrence of LBP in this factory.     

Study on musculoskeletal disorders in a machinery manufacturing plant

Musculoskeletal disorders and related risk factors in machinery manufacturing were investigated using interviews, postural analysis, and the revised National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health lifting equation. Sixty-nine workers involved in manual materials handling (Job A) and 51 machinery workers less involved with manual material-handling tasks (Job B) were studied. Low back pain (LBP) (at least one episode lasting for 24 hours or more in past 12 months) prevalence rates were 63.8% and 37.3% for Jobs A and B, respectively. Prevalence rates of LBP every day for a week or more attributed to lifting were 26.09% and 5.88% for Jobs A and B, respectively. Multiple regression analysis revealed that lifting repetitiveness and work age contributed to the occurrence of LBP. The "composite load" (object weight x activity repetitiveness) had a significant adverse effect on LBP.     

不良工效学因素对缝纫女工的健康效应调查

目的 探讨缝纫女工不良工效学因素与肌肉骨骼效应的关系。方法 采用作业场所工效学分析、劳动姿势评价系统和问卷调查方法对某服装厂缝纫车间进行了不良工效学暴露因素评价和肌肉骨骼症状调查。结果 缝纫女工不良工效学因素包括体力劳动高、工作姿势和动作不良、劳动受限程度大、劳动重复性高、噪声强等。其不良复合姿势达84．2％,有害和非常有害的复合姿势达3．2％;女工肩部、手臂和腰背的疼痛患病率分别是48．0％、30．7％、72．0％,且91．8％的腰背痛发生于工作时间,均明显高于对照组。结论 不良工效学因素与肌肉骨骼疾患高发有一定关系。     

Work and Family Support Systems and the Prevalence of Lower Back Problems in a South African Steel Industry

Introduction Back complaints are a common in society. Methods An analytical cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out among 366 steel plant workers to examine the prevalence and association between lower back problems (LBP) and family and workplace related psychosocial risk factors. Results Using inclusive and stringent definitions for LBP, point prevalence was 35.8% and 15.3%, respectively. Logistic regression analyses indicated significant adjusted odd ratios (OR) for negative perceptions of workplace support (2.32; CI 1.09–4.92), unexpected events (2.58; CI 1.19–5.59) and working under time pressures and deadlines (2.83; CI 1.24–6.48). A significant protective association was found for control over the order and pace of working tasks (OR 0.30; CI 0.14–0.63). A significant univariate association was further found between LBP and negative perceptions of family (1.97; CI 1.06–3.68) support. Conclusion These findings suggest that workers who feel more in control on the job and who have good family and workplace support systems in tact are less likely to experience LBP. Supervisors are therefore encouraged to develop appropriate support and organizational systems which may be an inexpensive, but potentially beneficial, means of reducing worker stress and LBP.     

坐位作业肌肉骨骼损伤的流行病学调查

为了研究坐位作业与肌肉骨骼损伤的关系，采用流行病学调查方法，以电子行业２４８６名坐位作业工人作为观察组，２１４１名非固定体位工人为对照组进行了健康调查。结果表明，坐位作业工人颈、肩、腕和腰等部位肌肉骨骼损伤的患病率均明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），工人中肌肉骨骼损伤的患病率随工龄增加而增加并明显高于对照组。体检发现坐位作业工人关节活动受限、压痛点压痛阳性、颈部挤压试验等阳性率均高于相应对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结合作业环境和作业特点分析提示长期固定坐姿、不良人机界面以及反复用力都是引起损伤的危险因素。