后腹腔镜联合经尿道输尿管口电切术治疗肾盂输尿管肿瘤(附17例报告)

目的:评估后腹腔镜联合经尿道输尿管口电切术治疗肾盂、输尿管肿瘤的临床疗效。方法:2008年10月至2013年1月为17例肾盂或输尿管移行细胞癌患者行后腹腔镜根治性肾输尿管切除术,其中肾盂癌11例,输尿管癌6例。经尿道袖状电切患侧输尿管口周围1 cm范围膀胱壁,采用后腹腔镜切除肾及全长输尿管,完整取出切除的肾输尿管。术后常规吡柔比星膀胱灌注。结果:手术时间平均(186.9±30.2)min;术中出血量平均(110.1±38.6)ml;术中、术后未发生明显并发症。术后随访3～51个月,1例发生膀胱移行细胞癌。结论:后腹腔镜联合经尿道电切镜治疗肾盂癌、输尿管癌具有手术损伤小、康复快等优点,且不增加肿瘤种植风险,临床应用前景良好。     

后腹腔镜联合膀胱电切镜治疗上尿路移行细胞癌

目的 介绍后腹腔镜行肾输尿管全长及膀胱袖状电切治疗上尿路移行细胞癌的经验.方法 经后腹腔镜施行肾输尿管全长及膀胱袖状切除术32例.其中输尿管肿瘤20例,肾盂肿瘤12例.肿瘤位于右侧17例,左侧15例.2例输尿管肿瘤合并膀胱肿瘤.经尿道电切镜距输尿管口约0.5 cm环形切透膀胱全层,对输尿管末端电灼彻底封闭输尿管开口.输尿管末端电切结束退出电切镜后留置尿管.采用腰部3个穿刺套管针入路,行根治性肾切除,输尿管尽量向下游离,下腹部行5～9 cm切口,取出.肾标本,然后行下端输尿管及膀胱袖状切除.结果 31例手术顺利,1例术前有经皮肾镜术史,术中发生十二指肠瘘,手术中转开放修补十二指肠,术后恢复顺利.手术时间2.0～6.5 h,平均3.5 h.出血量25～1 500 ml,平均163 ml.术后随访2～36个月.29例患者无瘤存活;1例患者术后2个月发生膀胱、盆腔转移,目前带瘤存活;1例患者术后2年发生膀胱肿瘤,电切后无瘤存活;1例患者术后第3个月死于心脏疾病.结论 经后腹腔镜手术治疗肾盂和输尿管肿瘤,切口明显小于开放手术,术后恢复快.用电切镜环状切除输尿管末端可完整切除输尿管.     

后腹腔镜联合尿道电切镜根治性肾输尿管切除治疗上尿路移行细胞癌(附16例报告)

目的 探讨后腹腔镜联合尿道电切镜根治性肾输尿管切除治疗上尿路移行细胞癌的方法和临床疗效. 方法 对10例肾盂癌、6例输尿管上中段移行细胞癌先采用尿道电切镜行患侧输尿管口膀胱黏膜袖套状切除,而后行后腹腔镜根治性肾输尿管全切术. 结果 16例手术均获成功,平均手术时间120 min,术中出血平均80 ml,患者均于术后36～48 h下床活动,术后住院时间8～14 d(平均9.4 d),术后随访膀胱局部复发2例. 结论 后腹腔镜联合尿道电切镜根治性肾输尿管切除治疗上尿路肿瘤是一种安全、有效的微创手术方法,实用性较强,具有良好的应用前景.     

后腹腔镜联合尿道电切镜根治性肾输尿管切除治疗上尿路肿瘤3例

目的探讨后腹腔镜联合尿道电切镜根治性肾输尿管切除治疗上尿路移行细胞癌的临床疗效。方法对2例肾盂癌、1例输尿管上段移行细胞癌先采用尿道电切镜行患侧输尿管口膀胱黏膜袖套状切除,而后行后腹腔镜根治性肾输尿管全切术。结果3例手术均获成功,平均手术时间190min,术中出血平均50mL,患者均于术后36~48h下床活动,术后住院时间9~11d(平均10d),术中、术后无严重并发症。结论后腹腔镜联合尿道电切镜根治性肾输尿管切除治疗上尿路肿瘤是一种安全、有效的微创手术方法,实用性较强,具有良好的应用前景。     

经尿道电切联合后腹腔镜在上尿路肿瘤手术中的应用体会

目的:探讨应用经尿道等离子电切镜联合后腹腔镜行膀胱输尿管口袖套状切除加肾输尿管全长切除术治疗上尿路移行细胞癌的可行性及安全性。方法:选取12例上尿路移行细胞癌患者,首先取截石位,应用经尿道等离子电切镜行膀胱输尿管口袖套状切除术,再改为健侧卧位采用后腹腔镜行肾输尿管切除,术中游离出输尿管中上段,最后采取麦氏点或反麦氏点切口游离输尿管下段并取出标本。术后常规行膀胱灌注化疗。结果:手术均获成功,手术时间平均(155.3±13.3)min,出血量平均(81.3±20.8)ml,术后平均(9.1±0.9)d出院,无严重并发症发生。术后随访1.5年,1例发生膀胱移行细胞癌。结论:经尿道等离子电切镜联合后腹腔镜手术治疗肾盂输尿管上尿路移行细胞癌安全、可行,具有术后康复快、手术创伤小及并发症少等优点,具有良好的应用前景。     

腹腔镜治疗上尿路移行细胞癌的手术路径选择

目的 探讨腹腔镜治疗上尿路移行细胞癌不同的手术路径选择.方法 将116例上尿路移行细胞癌患者分为A、B两组,A组为肾孟及输尿管上段肿瘤组,采用后腹腔镜联合经尿道电切的方法;B组为输尿管下段肿瘤组,6例输尿管局部浸润的患者列入本组,采用70°斜侧卧位经腹腔途径肾、输尿管切除并膀胱袖状切除.结果 116例手术均获成功,无术中并发症.A组手术时间平均125.5 min,术中出血平均60 ml,术后24～48 h胃肠功能恢复;术后住院时间平均7 d;B组手术时间平均140.6 min,术中出血平均96 ml,术后24～72 h胃肠功能恢复;术后住院时间平均7.5 d.有90例患者获得随访,平均随访时间27个月,未发现切口及穿刺孔种植转移,但有10例行膀胱镜检查发现膀胱肿瘤.结论 腹腔镜肾、输尿管全切和膀胱袖状切除治疗上尿路移行细胞癌符合肿瘤治疗原则,安全可行.应根据肿瘤的位置来决定手术方式的采用.     

后腹腔镜联合经尿道输尿管口电切治疗上尿路尿路上皮癌

目的探讨后腹腔镜联合经尿道输尿管口电切行上尿路尿路上皮癌（upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma,UUT—UC）根治性切除术的疗效。方法2009年4月～2012年1月,对21例UUT—UC采用后腹腔镜联合经尿道输尿管口电切行肾、输尿管、膀胱袖状切除术。先经尿道行输尿管口电切使输尿管与膀胱完全脱离,后腹腔镜下行肾及上段输尿管的游离和切除,取标本同时游离中下段输尿管以完成全程输尿管的切除。结果21例手术均成功,手术时间80～150min,平均110min,术中出血量60～180ml,平均100ml;无严重并发症发生。术后住院8～14d,平均9．5d。病理检查均为UUT—UC,其中肾盂癌15例,输尿管癌6例,20例T1-2N0M0,1例T3N0M0。21例随访4～36个月,平均20个月,均未见肿瘤复发及转移。结论后腹腔镜手术联合经尿道输尿管口电切治疗低级别肾盂癌和上段输尿管癌安全、有效。     

腹腔镜手术治疗上尿路移行细胞癌不同路径的选择和应用

目的 比较腹腔镜下手术治疗上尿路移行细胞癌的不同路径、输尿管处理方法及其适应证. 方法 94例上尿路移行细胞癌患者,均行肾、输尿管切除并膀胱袖状切除.分2组:①A组63例,为肾盂及输尿管上段肿瘤患者,采用后腹腔镜联合经尿道电切法;②B组31例,为输尿管中下段肿瘤患者及6例输尿管局部浸润患者,采用70°斜卧位经腹腔途径.观察2组手术时间、术中出血量,术后肠道功能恢复时间及术后并发症等. 结果 94例手术均成功,无术中并发症.2组平均手术时间分别为156和161 min,平均术中出血量分别为80和86 ml,术后胃肠功能恢复时间分别为24～48和24~72 h,术后平均住院时间分别为8.0和8.5 d.A组发生尿外渗2例,放置腹膜后引流管7 d愈合;形成尿囊肿1例,B超引导下穿刺引流治愈.84例获随访,平均随访23个月.2组分别有3例和5例膀胱镜检查发现膀胱肿瘤,2组均无切口及穿刺孔种植转移. 结论 腹腔镜下肾、输尿管全切和膀胱袖状切除治疗上尿路移行细胞癌安全可行,应根据肿瘤位置和是否发生局部浸润来选择手术方式.     

腹腔镜联合尿道电切镜行肾输尿管切除并膀胱袖状切除术治疗上尿路肿瘤

目的:总结腹膜后腹腔镜联合尿道电切镜行肾输尿管切除并膀胱袖状切除术治疗上尿路移行细胞癌的临床经验.方法:回顾分析9例肾盂癌、8例输尿管癌患者的临床资料.术中先用电切镜经尿道袖状分离输尿管管口及壁内段,再切除肾、输尿管,并记录相关指标,术后常规用丝裂霉素或吡柔比星灌注膀胱.结果:16例手术顺利完成,1例因右肾切除时损伤下...     

后腹腔镜下肾输尿管切除加经尿道膀胱袖状切除治疗上尿路上皮癌

目的 探讨后腹腔镜下肾输尿管切除加经尿道膀胱袖状切除治疗上尿路上皮癌的临床效果.方法 上尿路上皮癌患者82例(肾盂癌69例,输尿管癌13例).男39例,女43例.平均年龄65(37～82)岁.电切镜经尿道膀胱袖状分离输尿管管口及壁内段,后腹腔镜下切除肾、输尿管.观察手术时间、术中出血量、引流管留置时间、尿管留置时间、术后住院日及术后并发症等.随访肿瘤转移与复发情况.结果 82例手术顺利.手术平均时间135(95～210)min.术中平均失血110(60～260)ml.术后引流管平均留置3(2～4)d.尿管平均留置6(5～7)d.术后平均住院7(6～9)d.74例患者获随访平均31(6～76)个月.高级别浸润性癌随访16例,复发转移3例;高级别与低级别非浸润性癌分别随访29例,膀胱内复发5例(高级别3例,低级别2例);切口部位肿瘤转移复发1例.3年随访肿瘤复发率为10.6%(5/47).结果 后腹腔镜下肾输尿管切除加经尿道膀胱袖状切除治疗上尿路上皮癌,输尿管口周围组织及输尿管壁内段切除确切,创伤小、康复快,手术安全易行,疗效可靠.     

后腹腔镜联合应用膀胱电切镜行肾输尿管全切及膀胱袖套状切除术

目的:评价后腹腔镜联合膀胱电切镜行肾输尿管全切及膀胱袖套状切除术治疗上尿路移行细胞癌的有效性及安全性。方法:对10例上尿路移行细胞癌患者行后腹腔镜联合膀胱电切镜行肾输尿管全切术,完整取出切除的肾输尿管标本。术后常规化疗药物膀胱灌注。结果:手术时间180~230m in;术中出血量80~200m l;术后8d出院,无严重并发症发生。随访2~24个月,无复发。结论:后腹腔镜联合膀胱电切镜行肾输尿管全切术治疗上尿路移行细胞癌,是一种安全有效的术式,具有痛苦小、并发症少及患者恢复快等优点。     

腹腔镜肾输尿管全长切除术及膀胱袖状切除术治疗上尿路移行细胞癌

目的:评价腹腔镜经腹腔径路行肾输尿管全长切除术及膀胱袖状切除术治疗上尿路移行细胞癌的有效性及安全性。方法:对6例上尿路移行细胞癌患者行腹腔镜经腹腔径路肾切除术,经同侧下腹斜切口、袖状切除输尿管并完整取出标本。结果:6例手术均获成功,无中转开放手术,手术时间200～320min,平均250min,术中出血100～300ml,均未输血,住院8～12d,平均9d,术后常规膀胱灌注丝裂霉素,随访2～14个月,均无复发或转移。结论:腹腔镜肾输尿管全长切除术是治疗上尿路移行细胞癌安全有效的微创手术,具有痛苦小、康复快等优点。     

Initial experience with robot-assisted minimally-invasive nephroureterectomy

PURPOSE: Various techniques have been described for laparoscopic nephroureterectomy. We reviewed our initial experience of laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with robot-assisted extravesical excision of the distal ureter and bladder cuff. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine consecutive patients aged 43 to 83 years underwent laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) between August 2005 and March 2007. The first five patients were repositioned after laparoscopic nephrectomy from flank to lithotomy position to dock the robot for excision of the distal ureter and bladder cuff by a single surgeon. In contrast, the last four patients remained in flank position throughout the entire procedure, with the robot docked in flank position following laparoscopic nephrectomy. A two-layer closure re-approximated the cystotomy and a urethral catheter was left in place for a mean of 5 days. RESULTS: Eight men and one woman with a mean age of 64.2 years and mean body mass index (BMI) of 28.4 kg/m(2) underwent flexible cystoscopy and laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for five right-sided and four left-sided tumors. Mean operative time was 303 minutes (range 210-430 minutes), estimated blood loss was 211 mL (range 50-700 mL), and mean length of hospital stay was 2.3 days. Pathologic staging revealed T(3) for five (55.6%), T(a) for two (22.2%), carcinoma in situ (CIS) for two (22.2%) patients, and high-grade disease for seven (77.8%) patients. With a mean follow-up of 16.2 months (range 4.3-24.3 months), three patients with a history of bladder cancer have experienced recurrence in the bladder, and one of the three has also developed metastatic disease. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with robot-assisted extravesical excision of the distal ureter and bladder cuff appears to be a feasible alternative for patients with TCC of the upper urinary tract.     

Different treatment strategies for end stage renal disease in patients with transitional cell carcinoma

PURPOSE: Transitional cell carcinoma is the most common urinary tract cancer in Taiwanese patients on dialysis. It is a unique finding compared within Western countries. Due to this geographic difference and a higher recurrence rate a more extensive operation and aggressive followup protocols should be refined for these patients on dialysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients with transitional cell carcinoma who had end stage renal disease and underwent hemodialysis. Records were reviewed for hemodialysis duration, initial tumor location, tumor grade, stage, operative method, operative complication and final surgical status. Tumor grade and stage was determined by the WHO and proposed Jewett systems. Six patient groups were classified according to final surgical status for comparative analysis. RESULTS: A total of 30 patients were included in this study. Painless gross hematuria and urethral bloody discharge were the most common complaints. Tumor in 25 of the 30 cases was high grade and all were early stage. Of the patients 11 (36.7%) had undergone bilateral nephroureterectomy and radical cystectomy in as a 1 or multiple step procedure. Six patients (20%) had undergone bilateral nephroureterectomy at 1 or 2 sequential operations. Seven of the 13 patients (53.8%) in whom low urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma was initially treated with transurethral resection unfortunately had recurrent transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Ten of the 14 patients (71.4%) with upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma who underwent nephroureterectomy and bladder cuff excision had subsequent transitional cell carcinoma within the bladder. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with transitional cell carcinoma on dialysis had a higher recurrence rate in the upper urinary tract than patients not on dialysis. Most cases were at an early stage but with high grade tumor behavior. In 11 patients (36.7%) total exenteration of the urinary tract except the urethra was eventually done. The final bilateral nephroureterectomy rate was 56.7%. Since the rate of total exenteration and bilateral nephrectomy was abnormally high at such a short followup, 1-step bilateral nephroureterectomy and radical cystectomy are a recommended treatment for patients with transitional cell carcinoma on dialysis.     

Tumor recurrence incidence following hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the incidence of tumor recurrence following hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (HALNU) for the treatment of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. METHODS: The medical records of consecutive patients who underwent HALNU by a single surgeon (CW) between October 2001 and May 2005 were reviewed. The ureter was clipped before kidney dissection to prevent distal migration of tumor. Following liberation of the kidney, the bladder cuff and intramural ureter were excised by using a Collings knife under cystoscopic guidance. RESULTS: Ten patients were identified. The primary location of disease was confined to the intrarenal collecting system. Eight high-grade (HG) and 2 low-grade (LG) tumors were removed, with pT3 (6), pT2 (1), pT1 (1), and pTa (2) disease. The patient having a LG pTa urothelial carcinoma developed pulmonary metastasis 20 months following surgery and survived an additional 26 months. Two patients, each having a HG pT3 tumor, developed a urothelial carcinoma in the bladder contralateral to the site of ureteral excision. At a mean follow-up of 41 months, there has been no evidence of tumor recurrence in the pelvis. CONCLUSION: Our technique of HALNU does not appear to harbor an increased risk for urothelial carcinoma recurrence.     

Recurrence and survival following laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy with various forms of bladder cuff control

PURPOSE: We document recurrence and survival following laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy (LNUX) for upper tract transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) using primarily 2 methods of managing the bladder cuff. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of 60 patients undergoing LNUX at our institution for upper tract TCC were reviewed retrospectively. En bloc excision of the bladder cuff was primarily performed transvesically by our described cystoscopic secured detachment and ligation method (CDL) or extravesically using a laparoscopic stapling device (LS). RESULTS: Median followup was 23 months (range 1 to 45). Recurrence developed in 27%, 7% and 12% of cases in the bladder at a median of 5 months, retroperitoneum at 8 months and distant sites at 8 months, respectively. Compared to the novel CDL technique LS resulted in a higher positive margin rate (p = 0.046). Overall survival correlated with bladder recurrence (p = 0.003), upper tract TCC stage (p = 0.01) and method of bladder cuff control when comparing CDL vs LS (p = 0.04). Freedom from recurrent upper tract disease was related to pathological stage (p = 0.015) and bladder cuff excision method (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: These data underscore the aggressive nature of high stage, high grade upper tract TCC and validate the importance of complete excision of the distal ureter and bladder cuff during LNUX. In patients without coexisting bladder tumor the CDL method, which allows formal bladder cuff excision in a secured manner akin to that of established open surgical principles, appears oncologically valid.