急性白血病患儿外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞水平测定及临床意义

为探讨急性白血病患儿外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞水平及意义 ,采用流式细胞技术测定 90例急性白血病患儿外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞水平。结果 ,急性白血病患儿外周血T淋巴细胞亚群中CD3+ 、CD4+ 、CD4+ CD8+ 均明显低于对照组水平 (P <0 0 1) ,CD8+ 高于对照组水平 (P <0 0 1) ,NK细胞 (CD1 6+ 56+ )明显低于对照组水平 (P <0 0 1) ,经治疗缓解者T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞达正常水平。结果表明 ,T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞可作为急性白血病辅助诊断指标 ,为临床治疗提供实验依据     

外周血T淋巴细胞亚群比例对免疫抑制治疗急性再生障碍性贫血患儿预后预测的意义

目的探讨采用免疫抑制治疗急性再生障碍性贫血(AA)患儿的效果及与治疗前外周血T淋巴细胞亚群分类比例的关系。方法选取本科2000-2007年收治的43例接受免疫抑制治疗的急性AA患儿,依据治疗结果将患儿分为有效组和无效组。对2组患儿治疗前外周血T淋巴细胞亚群分类比例进行统计学分析。进一步将有效组患儿根据CD4+/CD8+比值分为3组:比例正常组,比例倒置组及比例超高组,分别将该3组CD4+/CD8+比值与治疗无效组进行比较,并进行统计学分析。结果免疫抑制治疗有效组与免疫抑制治疗无效组比较,有效组中CD4+/CD8+比例倒置及超高患儿与无效组比较差异有统计学意义;二组治疗前外周血T淋巴细胞亚群分类中CD8+CD28+及CD8+CD28-细胞比例差异有统计学意义,治疗有效组患儿CD8+CD28+/CD8+CD28-比值显著高于治疗无效组。结论急性AA患儿治疗前外周血T淋巴细胞亚群CD8+CD28+/CD8+CD28-细胞比例对预测免疫抑制治疗效果具有一定的临床意义。可有针对性的为急性AA患儿选择治疗方案提供参考依据。     

共刺激分子 CD40 在儿童嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎中的作用及其机制探讨

目的探讨嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎(EG)患儿外周血共刺激分子CD40和淋巴细胞亚群的动态变化及意义。方法应用流式细胞术(FCM)检测15例EG患儿(急性期和缓解期)和15例健康对照儿童的外周血CD 40表达及淋巴细胞亚群;酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA法)检测血清白细胞介素(IL)-4水平;血细胞分析仪检测嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)计数。结果急性期EG患儿外周血CD40、CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD 8~+、CD19~+CD 23~+表达,血清IL-4水平和EOS计数均高于缓解期EG患儿和对照组,CD8~+低于缓解期EG患儿和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);缓解期EG患儿和对照组各指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。急性期EG患儿外周血CD40的表达与CD4~+,IL-4表达均呈正相关(P均0.05)。结论 CD 40可能参与了EG的发病。CD 40介导CD 4~+T细胞分泌IL-4增多,导致EOS异常增多可能是EG的发病机制之一。     

儿童噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症淋巴细胞亚群变化及临床意义

目的探讨外周血淋巴细胞亚群对儿童噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症(HLH)诊断、治疗和预后判断的意义。方法 30例HLH患儿,采用HLH-2004诊断治疗方案,20例患儿获得完全缓解,10例死亡。30例同龄健康儿童作为正常对照。采用流式细胞术检测外周血淋巴细胞亚群。结果 20例缓解患儿和10例死亡患儿急性期与正常对照组比较,CD3+T和CD8+T细胞比例均增高,CD4+T和CD3-CDl6+CD56+NK细胞比例均下降,CD4+/CD8+比值减低,差异均有统计学意义(H=7.857~45.448,P均0.05);CD19+B细胞比例与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(H=6.202,P0.05)。20例HLH缓解患儿缓解期与急性期淋巴细胞亚群比较,CD3-CD16+CD56+NK细胞比例的差异有统计学意义(Z=3.760,P0.05),CD3+T、CD8+T、CD4+T和CD4+/CD8+比值、CD19+B计数差异无统计学意义(Z=0.135~1.082,P均0.05)。结论 HLH患儿淋巴细胞亚群有明显变化,存在细胞免疫失衡;动态检测其变化可能有助于判断HLH的治疗效果及预后。     

共刺激分子CD40/CD40L在儿童慢.性活动性EB病毒感染中的作用

目的 探讨共刺激分子CD40/CD40L在儿童慢性活动性EB病毒感染(CAEBV)发病机制中的作用.方法 选择30例EB病毒(EBV)感染患儿,其中CAEBV患儿、传染性单核细胞增多症(IM)患儿各15例;另选择15例健康儿童作为健康对照组.应用反转录-PCR检测EBV感染患儿及健康儿童外周血单个核细胞(PBMC) CD40mRNA和CD40L mRNA的表达量;应用流式细胞仪检测EBV感染患儿及健康儿童外周血淋巴细胞亚群的变化.结果 1.CAEBV组PBMC CD40 mRNA及CD40L mRNA表达量明显升高,与健康对照组及IM组比较差异均有统计学意义(Pa＜0.05);IM组PBMC CD.mRNA、CD40L mRNA表达量与健康对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(Pa＞0.05).2.CAEBV组外周血CD3+、CD8+、CD19+CD.+、CD16+56+淋巴细胞明显升高,CD4+、CD4+/CD8+淋巴细胞明显降低,与健康对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(Pa＜0.05),与IM组比较差异均无统计学意义(Pa＞0.05);IM组外周血CD3+、CD8+、CD19+CD23+、CD16+56+明显升高,CD4+、CD4 +/CD8+明显降低,与健康对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(Pa＜0.05).结论 共刺激分子CD40/CD40L异常表达及淋巴细胞功能紊乱参与CAEBV的发病,存在免疫功能障碍是CAEBV发病的主要原因之一.     

儿童系统性红斑狼疮外周血淋巴细胞亚群变化的临床意义

目的探讨儿童系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群测定的临床意义。方法采用直接四色标记免疫荧光染色法,流式细胞仪检测24例患儿(其中活动期11例,非活动期13例)和20例健康儿童组外周血的淋巴细胞亚群,对比两组检测结果。结果与对照组及非活动期比较,活动期SLE患儿CD3+、CD4+、自然杀伤细胞百分率及CD4+/CD8+比值明显降低;B细胞百分率明显升高;活动期SLE患儿CD8+细胞百分率明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论儿童SLE细胞免疫功能存在异常,淋巴细胞亚群的测定可作为诊断活动期与非活动期SLE患儿一项有价值的参考指标。     

手足口病患儿外周血淋巴细胞亚群变化的临床研究

目的 探讨手足口病(HFMD)患儿外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、B淋巴细胞、NK细胞的变化特点.方法 将41例HFMD患儿分为一般病例组23例,重症病例组18例,选择20例健康儿童作为对照组,采用流式细胞仪检测外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、B淋巴细胞、NK细胞.结果 CD3~+与CD4~+细胞表达:HFMD重症组、一般病例组、对照组依次显著降低(P＜0.01);CD8~+细胞表达:HFMD重症组、一般病例组、对照组依次显著降低(P＜0.05);NK细胞表达:HFMD重症组与一般病例组相似(P＞0.05),皆高于对照组(P＜0.05);B淋巴细胞表达:HFMD重症组、一般病例组、对照组依次升高(P＜0.01).结论 HFMD患儿免疫系统功能紊乱,其中细胞免疫有不同程度的抑制,体液免疫反应亢进.     

手足口病患儿淋巴细胞亚群的检测

目的 探讨淋巴细胞亚群在手足口病患儿中检测的意义.方法 应用流式细胞仪荧光染色技术检测56例手足口病患儿淋巴细胞亚群,以31例健康体检儿童做对照.结果 手足口病患儿CD3+、CD4+细胞比例及CD4+/CD8+比值明显高于健康对照组;CD25+细胞比例明显低于健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).CD8+、CD19+、CD56+细胞比例两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 手足口病患儿多发生免疫功能受损.     

新生儿感染T淋巴细胞亚群及细胞因子变化分析

目的探讨新生儿感染不同病原体后体内相关免疫细胞及其细胞因子的变化。方法入选20例新生儿细菌性肺炎患儿(细菌组),15例新生儿轮状病毒腹泻患儿(病毒组),20例新生儿高胆红素血症患儿(对照组),采用流式细胞仪检测外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞因子、淋巴细胞亚群。结果细菌组、病毒组和对照组间,IL-4水平的差异有统计学意义(F=3.39,P=0.041),IFN-γ、IL-17水平在三组间的差异均无统计学意义(F=0.28、1.24,P均0.05);经两两比较发现,细菌组IL-4水平高于病毒组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。除CD8+细胞外,CD3+、CD4+、CD19+、NK细胞阳性率以及CD4+/CD8+,在细菌组、病毒组和对照组三组间的差异均有统计学意义(F=3.30~26.69,P均0.05)。经两两比较发现,CD3+和CD4+细胞阳性率以及CD4+/CD8+,细菌组和病毒组均低于对照组;细菌组和病毒组CD19+细胞阳性率均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。病毒组NK细胞阳性率低于对照组和细菌组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论不同病原体感染后体内相关细胞因子水平变化不同,免疫功能紊乱,体内存在Th1/Th2失衡,以Th2型占主导地位。T淋巴细胞亚群水平较低,提示机体感染后细胞免疫功能减低,也可能是新生儿易感及感染后病情隐匿、病程长的原因之一。     

传染性单核细胞增多症患儿外周血淋巴细胞功能群变化分析

目的　探讨传染性单核细胞增多症 (IM)患儿外周血淋巴细胞功能群变化。方法　应用流式细胞仪分别对 5 0例IM患儿和对照组外周血淋巴细胞CD3+ 、CD4 + 、CD8+ 、CD+ 16+ 56抗原进行检测。结果　IM患儿外周血CD3+ 、CD8+ 淋巴细胞明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,而CD4 + 、CD+ 16+ 56淋巴细胞及CD4 + /CD8+ 明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　EB病毒引起机体免疫功能异常是IM发病关键。     

早产儿视网膜病的危险因素分析及随访调查

研究早产儿视网膜病(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)的发生率、高危因素、治疗与随访情况。方法对2005年7月-2007年12月温州医学院附属第一医院NICU收治的符合ROP筛查标准的早产儿,于生后2周开始由资深眼科医师开始行间接眼底镜检查眼底,并进行随访。结果434例早产儿中ROP的发生率为5.5%(24/434例),24例ROP中Ⅰ期19例,Ⅱ期3例,Ⅲ期2例。Ⅲ期阈值病变者行激光光凝治疗,全部患儿均恢复正常。对434例早产儿行单因素分析得出,胎龄、出生体重、住院时间、吸氧、吸氧浓度、吸氧时间、呼吸暂停、新生儿肺透明膜病(RDS)、肺表面活性剂(PS)的应用、机械通气、输血、光疗时间、感染与ROP的发生有相关性(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示胎龄、出生体重、胎数、吸氧时间、光疗时间、代谢性酸中毒、母亲妊高症、颅内出血是影响ROP发生的主要因素。结论早产是ROP的根本原因,防治各种并发症、合理的氧疗是预防ROP的关键。建立完善有效的ROP筛查制度,早期发现、早期治疗ROP,可改善ROP的预后。     

术中判断肠活力三种方法的比较

术中准确地评价肠活力是外科医师面临的一个普遍问题。应用兔肠缺血模型，比较静脉荧光素、表面血氧测定和激光多普勒三种技术判断肠活力的精确性。结果：诊断效率静脉荧光素法为７８％，表面血氧测定为６８％，激光多普勒为９５％。后者精确度显著优于前二者，且操作简便、迅速，具有临床应用前景。     

Spectrum of clinical presentations of vein of Galen aneurysm

Aneurysm of the vein of Galen is a rare intracranial vascular malformation. It is known to have diverse manifestations and varying severity. Four cases with different modes of presentation and outcome are reported. A mortality of 50 per cent was encountered. Among the survivors, one had neurologic sequelae whereas the other had attained age-appropriate developmental milestones. The former was a rare case of spontaneous thrombosis of the aneurysm while the latter was a boy who underwent therapeutic embolization.     

Outcome of the Treatment of Inborn Errors of Metabolism

The use of specific dietary restrictions, cofactor administration, mobilisation of insoluble substances, environmental modifications, product replacement and selective enzyme inhibition are now established for the treatment of some inborn errors of metabolism. There is no generally accepted application for enzyme administration, cytopharmacology (manipulation of the cytoskeleton) or for cell transplantation except for bone marrow transplantation in disorders where the bone marrow is primarily at fault. The other uses of bone marrow transplantation which have been proposed require further evaluation. Results of recent research suggest that the scope of this approach is gradually being widened. There is also scope for development in the field of organ transplantation taking advantage of recent technical¹ and immunological progress. The treatment of inborn errors of metabolism by genetic modification is not yet on a practical clinical level; more laboratory and animal studies are needed before this can be attempted in man. Adenosine deaminase deficiency appears to be the disease in which this will be first attempted using a retroviral vector to insert the gene into the genome of pluripotential bone marrow cells.     

婴幼儿法乐四联症手术治疗近期疗效的影响因素

目的 探讨影响婴幼儿法乐四联症手术治疗近期疗效的各相关因素.方法 将2003年8月至2011年2月经作者一期手术纠治的117例年龄≤3岁的法乐四联症患儿分为疗效良好、疗效较差两组.分析手术时患儿年龄、体重、术前HCT值、McGoon指数、EDVI、主动脉阻断时间、转流时间、室间隔缺损大小、升主动脉与肺动脉干直径比、...     

主动脉缩窄的治疗研究进展

主动脉缩窄(coarctation of aorta,CoA)是主动脉的局限性狭窄,狭窄最常见于峡部,是一种常见的先天性心血管畸形,占所有先天性心脏病的5％ ～8％.缩窄导致上肢血压升高,下肢血压降低,并可引起心功能下降,未经治疗的CoA预后不佳.治疗方式包括外科治疗及经皮介入治疗,不同治疗方式的并发症发生率不同,术后长期监测其并发症、心功能是评估预后的重要指标.该文对主动脉缩窄的治疗方式及术后并发症、心功能情况的研究进展作一综述.     

早产儿脑病研究进展

早产儿脑病是复杂的原发性脑损伤和继发性脑发育异常疾病.过去几年对该病有了较为深刻的认识,该文就最新的有关早产儿脑病概念演变,脑损伤后的细胞分子机制和损伤后发育障碍,尤其是活化小胶质细胞介导的少突胶质细胞损伤机制、神经/髓鞘受损和丘脑、板层下神经元及大脑皮层的受损机制或发育成熟障碍进行综述,以便对该病有更深刻的认识.     

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??Inhaled corticosteroids??ICS?? are the most effective medicine for chronic airway inflammation nowdays. Atomization inhalation has been widely applied in clinics because of its efficacy??fewer side-effects and convenience. Here??we focused on some points which should be paid attention to??including how to choose appropriate patients??how to ensure the effectiveness of inhaled steroids and how to reduce possible side-effects.     

Treatment of retinopathy of prematurity

Retinopathy of prematurity is a potentially blinding disorder of premature infants. Retinal ablation of the avascular retina originally described using cryotherapy but now most commonly undertaken with laser photocoagulation, reduces the unfavourable structural outcomes and improves the functional visual acuity outcome. The CRYO-ROP study showed the long-term benefit of treatment of threshold disease compared with no treatment, however even with cryoablation 44.4% of treated eyes had a visual acuity of 6/60 or worse at 10 year follow-up. The ETROP study of earlier treatment for high-risk pre-threshold disease, rather than treatment at threshold, has shown that pre-threshold treatment of type 1 disease produces a significantly improved outcome. Despite treatment some infants develop retinal detachment for which various surgical treatments have been described, although not always with a good functional outcome. Future treatment modalities may include the use of anti-VEGF therapies.     

Epidemiology of respiratory distress of newborns

The present prospective study was conducted to find out the incidence, etiology and outcome of respiratory distress (RD) in newborns. All newborns (n=4505), delivered at this hospital over a period of 13 months, were observed for respiratory problems. Relevant antenatal, intranatal and neonatal information was noted. Cases were investigated for the cause of respiratory distress and followed up for the outcome. The overall incidence of RD was 6.7% Preterm babies had the highest incidence (30.0%) followed by post-term (20.9%) and term babies (4.2%). Transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN) was found to be the commonest (42.7%) cause of RD followed by infection (17.0%), meconium aspiration syndrome (10.7%), hyaline membrane disease (9.3%) and birth asphyxia (3.3%). TTN was found to be common among both term and preterm babies. While Hyaline membrane disease (HMD) was seen mostly among preterms, and Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) among term and post-term babies. Overall case fatality ration for RD was found to be 19%, being highest for HMD (57.1%), followed by MAS (21.8%) and infection (15.6%). Our results indicate that RD is a common neonatal problem. TTN accounts for a large proportion of thhese cases. MAS and infection also contribute significantly and are largely preventable. Without adequate ventilatory support HMD and MAS carry high mortality.