磁共振成像在前列腺癌诊断中的研究进展

因MRI具有良好的软组织分辨率、多方位成像、多参数功能成像等优点,逐渐成为运用影像学诊断前列腺癌的重要检查方法。随着MRI成像技术的不断成熟,多种成像方法如磁共振灌注成像(perfusion weighted imaging,PWI)、扩散加权成像(diffusionweightedimaging,DWI)、体素内不相干运动(intravoxel incoherent motion,IVIM)扩散成像、磁共振波谱成像(magnetic resonance spectroscopy,MRS)、扩散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)、扩散峰度成像(diffusion kurtosis imaging,DKI)、T2 mapping技术、磁敏感加权成像(susceptibility weighted imaging,SWI)在前列腺癌的诊断中有着重要的作用,随着这些技术的发展,前列腺癌诊断的准确性明显提高,现将近年来磁共振成像技术在前列腺癌诊断中的作用展开综述。     

本刊可以直接使用的英文缩略语北大核心CSCD

计算机体层摄影术(computed tomography,CT)多层螺旋CT(multiple-slice CT,MSCT)多排螺旋CT(multi-detector CT,MDCT)高分辨率CT(high resolution CT,HRCT)容积CT(volumetric computed tomography,VCT)CT血管造影(computed tomographic angiography,CTA)CT静脉造影(CT venography,CTV)磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)功能磁共振成像(functional magnetic resonance imaging,fMRI)扩散(弥散)加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)磁敏感加权成像(susceptibility-weighted imaging,SWI)     

多种MRI技术在轻型颅脑损伤中的应用研究进展

随着社会、经济等的迅猛发展,创伤性颅脑损伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)的发生率逐年升高,其中最常见的轻型颅脑损伤(mild traumatic brain injurym,m TBI)由于其临床表现相对主观,相关辅助检查阳性率不高,生活中往往存在责任争议等而越来越受到各界学者的高度关注。作者通过回顾性分析文献,就多种MRI技术如磁敏感加权成像(susceptibility weighted imaging,SWI)、扩散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)以及静息态功能MRI(resting state function magnetic resonance imaging,rs-f MRI)在m TBI中的应用进展进行综述。     

《磁共振成像》杂志可以直接使用的医学缩略语有哪些

正对于磁共振成像专业领域为大家熟知的部分专业名词缩略语可以直接使用。本刊可以直接使用的医学缩略语如下(按照英文首字母顺序排列):ADC (apparent diffusion coefficient):表观扩散系数;AUC (area under the curve):曲线下面积;fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging):功能磁共振成像;MRI (magnetic resonance imaging):磁共     

磁共振扩散成像技术在轻度认知障碍的研究进展

轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)被认为是正常老龄化和阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer'disease,AD)以及其他类型痴呆的中间状态。给予MCI患者积极的干预治疗,有助于改善认知功能并减缓MCI向AD的转变。因此,寻找MCI诊断和进展监测的敏感影像标记物是非常必要的。磁共振扩散成像技术能够通过描述脑组织中水分子的扩散运动来检测微观结构的变化,可以为MCI的病理机制研究和认知障碍严重程度的评估提供重要的信息。近年来,新型磁共振扩散成像技术的不断发展为MCI的研究提供了额外的价值。作者对扩散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)、扩散峰度成像(diffusion kurtosis imaging,DKI)、自由水扩散磁共振成像(free-water diffusion magnetic resonance imaging,FW diffusion MRI)、神经突方向离散度和密度成像(neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging,NODDI)技术在MCI中的研究进行综述。     

磁共振成像在肺结节检出和诊断中的研究进展

功能性磁共振成像(functional magnetic resonance imaging,fMRI)对肿瘤的定位、定性诊断具有十分重要的应用价值。以往受磁敏感伪影、呼吸运动伪影等影响,磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)在肺部疾病诊断中应用较少。随着快速采集技术和去伪影技术的发展,MRI检出肺小结节、判断结节良恶性、评估肺结节治疗效果成为可能。本文就MRI在肺结节中的应用进行综述,探究MRI在肺结节检出、诊断及疗效评估中的应用价值。     

本刊可以直接使用的医学缩略语有哪些

正对于磁共振成像专业领域为大家熟知的部分专业名词缩略语可以直接使用。本刊可以直接使用的医学缩略语如下(按照英文首字母顺序排列):ADC (apparent diffusion coefficient):表观扩散系数;AUC (area under the curve):曲线下面积;f MRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging):功能磁共振成像;MRI (magnetic resonance imaging):磁共振成像;MRS (magnetic resonancespectroscopy):磁共振波谱;ROC曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve):受试者     

《磁共振成像》杂志可以直接使用的医学缩略语有哪些

对于磁共振成像专业领域为大家熟知的部分专业名词缩略语可以直接使用。本刊可以直接使用的医学缩略语如下(按照英文首字母顺序排列):ADC (apparent diffusion coefficient):表观扩散系数;AUC (area under the curve):曲线下面积;fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging):功能磁共振成像;MRI (magnetic resonance imaging):磁共振成像;MRS (magnetic resonancespectroscopy):磁共振波谱;ROC曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve):受试者操作特征曲线;ROI (region of interest):感兴趣区。     

本刊可以直接使用的医学缩略语有哪些

对于磁共振成像专业领域为大家熟知的部分专业名词缩略语可以直接使用。本刊可以直接使用的医学缩略语如下(按照英文首字母顺序排列):ADC(apparent diffusion coefficient):表观扩散系数;AUC(area under the curve):曲线下面积;fMRI(functional magnetic resonance imaging):功能磁共振成像;MRI(magnetic resonance imaging):磁共振成像;MRS(magnetic resonancespectroscopy):磁共振波谱;ROC曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve):受试者操作特征曲线;ROI(region of interest):感兴趣区。     

多模态磁共振成像技术在深部脑刺激治疗帕金森病中的研究进展

帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)是全球中老年常见的第二大神经退行性疾病,以静止性震颤、肌肉强直、动作迟缓和姿势平衡障碍为显著特征,其患病率预计将在未来三十年内增加一倍。随着药物治疗的弊端逐渐显现,深部脑刺激(deep brain stimulation,DBS)作为一种新型辅助疗法受到广泛关注。MRI可在活体状态下无创地提供脑组织的结构、功能和代谢等信息,对评估DBS治疗PD后的效果及指导治疗具有较大的临床意义。因此,本文就结构MRI(structural MRI,sMRI)、扩散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)、血氧水平依赖功能MRI(blood oxygenation level dependent-functional MRI,BOLD-fMRI)、磁敏感加权成像(susceptibility-weighted imaging,SWI)、定量磁化率成像(quantitative susceptibility mapping,QSM)、磁共振波谱(magnetic resonance spectroscopy,MRS)等多...     

轻度认知功能障碍脑结构与功能MRI研究进展

轻度认知功能障碍（MCI）患者被认为是阿尔茨海默病的高危人群，并且在MCI阶段进行干预治疗，有利于延缓病情进展甚至逆转认知功能破坏，故对于MCI的研究，具有重要的临床意义。MRI技术包含多个序列成像，可从不同角度发现MCI的大脑结构和功能异常，有利于早期诊断、预测病情进展情况和揭示病理机制，促进MCI和阿尔茨海默病的防治。本文主要对于近些年来结构磁共振成像、功能磁共振成像、扩散张量成像、动脉自旋标记和质子磁共振波谱分析在MCI的诊断、分类、预测病情方面的研究现状进行了论述，希望为今后的临床诊疗及科研提供借鉴。      

Examining the gateway to the limbic system with diffusion tensor imaging: the perforant pathway in dementia

Current treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are only able to slow the progression of mental deterioration, making early and reliable diagnosis an essential part of any promising therapeutic strategy. In the initial stages of AD, the first neuropathological alterations occur in the perforant pathway (PP), a large neuronal fiber tract located at the entrance to the limbic system. However, to date, there is no sensitive diagnostic tool for performing in vivo assessments of this structure. In the present bimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study, we examined 10 elderly controls, 10 subjects suffering from mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 10 AD patients in order to evaluate the sensitivity of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), a new MRI technique, for detecting changes in the PP. Furthermore, the diagnostic explanatory power of DTI data of the PP should be compared to high-resolution MRI volumetry and intervoxel coherences (COH) of the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex, two limbic regions also involved in the pathophysiology of early AD. DTI revealed a marked decrease in COH values in the PP region of MCI (right side: 26%, left side: 29%, as compared to controls) and AD patients (right side: 37%, left side: 43%, as compared to controls). Reductions in COH values of the PP region were significantly correlated with cognitive impairment. DTI data of the PP zone were the only parameter differing significantly between control subjects and MCI patients, while the volumetric measures and the COH values of the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex did not. DTI of medial temporal brain regions is a promising non-invasive tool for the in vivo diagnosis of the early/preclinical stages of AD.     

遗忘型轻度认知障碍近十年磁共振成像研究进展

随着我国社会老龄化的不断加速,老年痴呆的发病率不断增高,其也是中老年群体的重要死因之一。轻度认知障碍是介于正常脑老化与老年痴呆的一种认知功能障碍状态,遗忘型轻度认知障碍作为其主要分型,是老年痴呆的高危因素。在老年群体中,遗忘型轻度认知障碍发病率高达10%以上。与认知正常的老年人相比,轻度认知障碍患者患痴呆的风险高4~10倍,在此阶段对患者进行有效诊治,可极大延缓患者病情向痴呆转化的进程。目前,遗忘型轻度认知障碍诊断主要依靠临床神经电生理检查及神经影像学检查,近年来随着磁共振成像技术的不断发展,极大提高了遗忘型轻度认知障碍的早期诊断效能,本文对扩散张量成像、基于体素的形态学测量、动脉自旋标记成像、磁共振波谱、酰胺质子转移成像、静息态功能磁共振成像几种磁共振成像技术在遗忘型轻度认知障碍中的应用现状进行综述,以期为临床医生提供帮助。      

Age-related cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment or preclinical Alzheimer's disease?

With the promising development of effective treatment, significant improvement in the very early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is required. There is vast agreement that a decline in memory, especially in verbal episodic memory, is the earliest and perhaps the most sensitive sign of incipient AD at the preclinical stage. However, this review offers evidence that impairment in episodic memory can be observed in normal elderly people as well as in aged subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a large proportion of whom will, however, not convert to dementia. Quantitative measurement of atrophy and brain activation in the hippocampal-parahippocampal formation by using structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging may help to distinguish the MCI decliners from the nondecliners. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of tau protein and Abet1-42 peptide, together with the presence of an apolipoprotein (apo)E epsilon4 allele may also increase our confidence in the early positive diagnosis of AD. This review concludes, however, that while adequate for constituting groups of patients in a research perspective, the extensive diagnostic procedure based on specific cognitive testing, neuroimaging and biological investigations is still out of reach for the practitioner.     

前列腺癌多参数MRI应用现状及进展

MRI是目前公认的前列腺癌最佳影像检查技术。随着影像技术的发展,各种磁共振功能成像技术不断问世并应用于临床,如体素内不相干运动扩散加权成像、扩散张量成像、扩散峰度成像、磁共振波谱、灌注加权成像等,为前列腺癌的早期诊断及临床个体化治疗提供更多的影像学依据。随着研究的深入,多中心、大样本研究的进展及扫描参数的进一步优化,多参数MRI检查将在前列腺癌的早期诊断中发挥越来越重要的作用。     

Identification of MCI individuals using structural and functional connectivity networks

Different imaging modalities provide essential complementary information that can be used to enhance our understanding of brain disorders. This study focuses on integrating multiple imaging modalities to identify individuals at risk for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). MCI, often an early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), is difficult to diagnose due to its very mild or insignificant symptoms of cognitive impairment. Recent emergence of brain network analysis has made characterization of neurological disorders at a whole-brain connectivity level possible, thus providing new avenues for brain diseases classification. Employing multiple-kernel Support Vector Machines (SVMs), we attempt to integrate information from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) for improving classification performance. Our results indicate that the multimodality classification approach yields statistically significant improvement in accuracy over using each modality independently. The classification accuracy obtained by the proposed method is 96.3%, which is an increase of at least 7.4% from the single modality-based methods and the direct data fusion method. A cross-validation estimation of the generalization performance gives an area of 0.953 under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, indicating excellent diagnostic power. The multimodality classification approach hence allows more accurate early detection of brain abnormalities with greater sensitivity.     

Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: contribution of structural neuroimaging

To accurately predict the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) at its predementia stage would be a major breakthrough from both therapeutic and research standpoints. In this review, our focus is on markers obtained with structural imaging--especially magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)--and on studies of subjects at risk of developing AD. Among the latter, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is currently the most commonly accepted reference, and therefore is specially targeted in this review. MCI refers to patients with significant but isolated memory impairment relative to subjects of identical age. Consistent with established histopathological data, structural imaging studies comparing patients with early probable AD to healthy aged subjects have shown that the most specific and sensitive features of AD at this stage are hippocampal and entorhinal cortex atrophy, especially when combined with a reduced volume of the temporal neocortex. MCI patients have significant hippocampal atrophy when compared to aged normal controls. When comparing patients with probable AD to MCI subjects, hippocampal region atrophy significantly extends to the neighboring temporal association neocortex. However, only longitudinal studies of MCI subjects are suited to assess (in a retrospective way) the predictive value of initial atrophy measurements for progression to AD. Few such studies have been published so far and for the most they were based on small samples. Furthermore, the comparison among studies is clouded by differences in both populations studied and MRI methodology used. Nevertheless, comparing the initial MRI data of at-risk subjects who convert to AD at follow-up to those of nonconverters suggests that a reduced association temporal neocortex volume combined with hippocampal or anterior cingulate cortex atrophy may be the best predictor of progression to AD. These data, although still preliminary, are consistent with postmortem studies describing the hierarchical progression of tau lesions in normal aging and early stages of AD, such that damage to the medial temporal lobe and association cortex would account for the memory and nonmemory cognitive impairments, respectively, the combination of which is required to operationally define probable AD. Future research in this field should capitalize on thorough methodology for brain structure delineation, and combine atrophy measurements to cognitive and/or functional imaging data.     

多模态磁共振成像对新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病诊断及预后的研究进展

MRI现已成为新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病(hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,HIE)的必备检查方式,但常规MRI检查技术对于早期发现HIE的诊断敏感性较低,与常规MRI相比,多模态MRI成像技术,如弥散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)、弥散张量成像(dif...     

Combining MRI and CSF measures for classification of Alzheimer's disease and prediction of mild cognitive impairment conversion

The suggested revision of the NINCDS-ADRDA criterion for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) includes at least one abnormal biomarker among magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We aimed to investigate if the combination of baseline MRI and CSF could enhance the classification of AD compared to using either alone and predict mild cognitive impairment (MCI) conversion at multiple future time points. 369 subjects from the Alzheimer's disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) were included in the study (AD=96, MCI=162 and CTL=111). Freesurfer was used to generate regional subcortical volumes and cortical thickness measures. A total of 60 variables were used for orthogonal partial least squares to latent structures (OPLS) multivariate analysis (57 MRI measures and 3 CSF measures: Aβ(42), t-tau and p-tau). Combining MRI and CSF gave the best results for distinguishing AD vs. CTL. We found an accuracy of 91.8% for the combined model at baseline compared to 81.6% for CSF measures and 87.0% for MRI measures alone. The combined model also gave the best accuracy when distinguishing between MCI vs. CTL (77.6%) at baseline. MCI subjects who converted to AD by 12 and 18month follow-up were accurately predicted at baseline using an AD vs. CTL model (82.9% and 86.4% respectively), with lower prediction accuracies for those MCI subjects converting by 24 and 36month follow up (75.4% and 68.0% respectively). The overall prediction accuracies for converters and non-converters ranged from 58.6% to 66.4% at different time points. Combining MRI and CSF measures in a multivariate model at baseline gave better accuracy for discriminating between AD and CTL, between MCI and CTL and for predicting future conversion from MCI to AD, than using either MRI or CSF separately.