三种开窗引流术治疗老年先天性肝囊肿的回顾性对比研究

目的比较腹腔镜开窗网膜移植术、腹腔镜单纯开窗术和开腹单纯开窗术三种方法治疗年龄60岁及以上先天性肝囊肿的近远期疗效。方法回顾性分析74例老年先天性肝囊肿患者的临床资料,其中网膜组（腹腔镜开窗网膜移植术）25例,单纯组（腹腔镜单纯开窗术）28例,开腹组（开腹单纯开窗术）21例,比较三组的手术时间、术中失血量、禁食时间、下床活动时间、术后引流量、术后白细胞计数、住院时间、术后并发症发生率和复发率等。结果单纯组手术时间较网膜组、开腹组缩短（P〈0．05）。开腹组术中失血量、禁食时间、下床活动时间、术后白细胞计数、住院时间较腹腔镜组增多（P均〈0．05）。网膜组术后引流量和总并发症发生率较单纯组、开腹组减少（P均〈0．05）,但三组术后近期并发症发生率如术后出血、胸腔积液、肺部感染、腹水、胆漏等以及复发率、再手术率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论针对老年先天性肝囊肿患者,腹腔镜开窗网膜移植术在减少术后引流量、降低总体并发症发生率上更具优势,腹腔镜单纯开窗术可缩短手术时间。     

腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌根治术围手术期并发症发生率比较

目的 研究腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌根治术围手术期并发症发生率的差异。方法 前瞻性、非随机对照2000年9月至2005年12月由同一组医师连续实施的214例腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术（腹腔镜手术组）与277例开腹结直肠癌根治术（开腹组）患者术中与术后2周内并发症发生率的差异。结果腹腔镜手术组中转开腹14例（6．5％）。术中腹腔镜手术组与开腹手术组并发症发生率分别为4．8％与3．6％（X^2=0．446，P〉0．05）。腹腔镜手术组出现骶前大出血、肠系膜下动脉根部出血、系膜出血、腹膜后气肿、吻合口破裂、直肠镜检并肠穿孔、阴道损伤及膈肌损伤各1例，直肠残端裂开2例；有7例予以中转开腹处理，术后无并发症出现。开腹手术组出现骶前大出血5例，直肠残端裂开与吻合口破裂各2例，输尿管损伤1例。术后腹腔镜手术组与开腹手术组并发症发生率分别为23．5％与36．8％（X^2=9．598，P〈0．01），其中并发肠梗阻分别为3．5％与6．5％（X^2=2．102，P〉0．05）；吻合口瘘分别为2．0％与3．0％（X^2=0．089，P〉0．05）；吻合口出血分别为5．8％与3．5％（X^2=1．064，P〉0．05）；乳糜瘘分别为1．5％与2．5％（X^2=0．201，P〉0．05）；肺部感染分别为7．0％与9．0％（X^2=0．635，P〉0．05）；切口感染分别为5．5％与14．1％（X^2=4．978，P〈0．05）。结论 腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术中并发症发生率与开腹手术无异，但术后并发症总发生率显著低于开腹手术。     

腹腔镜与开腹肝囊肿开窗术的对比研究

目的比较腹腔镜与开腹开窗术治疗肝囊肿的疗效。方法回顾性研究2000年6月～2006年6月71例肝囊肿开窗术的临床资料,其中开腹开窗术34例（开腹组）,腹腔镜开窗术37例（腹腔镜组）,比较研究2组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间及住院费用。结果腹腔镜组手术时间[（45±15）min vs（75±15）min,t=-7.016,P=0.000]、术中出血量[（24±8）ml vs（50±12）ml,t=-10.823,P=0.000]和术后住院时间[（7.6±1.3）dvs（12.2±2.1）d,t=-11.196,P=0.000]均明显少于开腹组,但2组住院费用[（1.021±0.109）万元vs（1.018±0.113）万元]无显著性差异（t=0.114,P=0.910）。所有患者均痊愈出院,无胆漏、出血等严重并发症。术后随访62例（腹腔镜组32例,开腹组30例）,随访率87.3%（62/71）,随访时间6～48个月,平均25个月,1例（开腹组）经B超检查证实为囊肿复发,复发率为1.6%（1/62）,余61例未见复发。结论腹腔镜开窗术具有手术时间短、出血少、恢复快、住院时间短等优点,完全可以取代开腹开窗术,值得临床推广。     

腹腔镜与开腹胃胃肠间质瘤楔形切除术的临床对比研究

目的比较腹腔镜与开腹胃胃肠间质瘤（GIST）楔形切除术的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析浙江省人民医院2000年6月至2009年8月间行手术切除并经术后病理证实的48例胃GIST患者的临床资料。手术采用腹腔镜或开腹胃楔形切除术．其中腹腔镜组18例,开腹组30例。比较两组患者围手术期情况及预后。结果与开腹组相比,腹腔镜组手术时间延长,术中出血量减少,术后使用镇痛比例降低．术后恢复进食时间及肛门排气提前,术后住院时间缩短（均P〈0．05）。两组均无手术死亡病例,腹腔镜组术后并发症发生率为5．5％（1／18）．明显低于开腹组的33．3％（10／30）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组术后复发率分别为11．8（2／17）和10．7％（3／28）：5年生存率分别为78％和63％,差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。结论腹腔镜胃GIST楔形切除术疗效确切且安全可行。     

腹腔镜腹会阴联合切除术治疗低位直肠癌疗效评价

目的前瞻性评估腹腔镜直肠癌腹会阴联合切除术的临床优劣性。方法将2003年7月至2006年4月收治的低位直肠癌患者随机分为两组，37例行腹腔镜腹会阴联合切除术（腹腔镜组），另37例常规开腹行腹会阴联合切除术（开腹组）；比较两组的手术时间、清除淋巴结数目和腹部出血量、术后排气时间、起床活动时间、住院时间、并发症发生率和复发转移率及卫生经济学情况。结果腹腔镜全组患者均顺利完成手术，无中转开腹者；手术时间两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），但前10例手术时间比开腹组长（P〈0．01）；腹部出血量少于开腹组（P〈0．01）．但前10例较开腹组多（P〈0．01）；术后肛门排气时间两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；起床活动时间腹腔镜组早于开腹组（P〈0．01）；住院时间长短两组无差异，但腹腔镜会阴闭合较开腹组早：腹腔镜组腹部创口相关并发症明显少于开腹组（P〈O．05）；两组的清除淋巴结枚数、局部复发及远处早期复发率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；手术费用腹腔镜组明显高于开腹组，但医疗总费用两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论腹腔镜直肠癌腹会阴联合切除术不仅创口小、术中出血少、与腹部创口相关并发症少、术后恢复快，且其手术时间、医疗总费用和肿瘤根治性与开腹手术无差异。     

腹腔镜和开腹结直肠癌根治术的远期疗效研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜和开腹结直肠癌根治术在远期疗效方面的差异。方法将1996年1月至2000年9月问215例需行结直肠癌根治术的患者根据本人意愿非随机地分为开腹组和腹腔镜组，对比两组患者术后的5年生存率、局部复发率和远处转移及远期并发症。结果开腹组128例，腹腔镜手术组87例；两组在年龄、性别、肿瘤分期方面差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。5年累计生存率开腹组70％，腹腔镜组78％，两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。开腹组局部复发33例，远处转移34例，切口种植2例，切口疝4例，粘连性肠梗阻30例；腹腔镜组局部复发20例，远处转移22例，切口种植1例，切口疝2例，粘连性肠梗阻11例。两组局部复发率、远处转移率、切口种植率和切口疝发生率比较差异均无统计学意义（P值分别为0．641、0．505、1．00和1．00）；但腹腔镜组术后粘连性肠梗阻发生率较开腹组少（P〈0．05）。结论腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术远期疗效与开腹手术相似，但术后远期并发症少，值得推广。     

腹腔镜巨脾切除的适应证与外科疗效分析

目的探讨腹腔镜巨脾切除的适应证与手术疗效。方法对23例腹腔镜巨脾切除病例与53例腹腔镜普通大小脾脏切除及35例开腹巨脾切除病例的手术疗效进行比较。结果本组腹腔镜巨脾切除23例，其中3例同时行腹腔镜巨脾切除伴责门周围血管离断术，9例同时行胆囊切除术，无手术死亡，其中2例中转开腹。巨脾组和普通组相比，手术时间长[（142±29）min vs（92±18）min]和术中出血量多[（540±90）ml vs（210±80）ml]（P均〈0．05）．术后住院时间、腹腔引流置管时间、术后并发症和中转开腹率方面没有差异。巨脾组与开腹组相比，术后腹腔镜引流置管时间[（4．7±0．5）d vs（7．7±0．9）d]和术后住院时间[（5．7＋0．5）d vs（8．4±0．9）d]短，术后并发症少（4.3％vs11.4％）（P均〈0．05），但术中出血和手术时间差异没有统计学意义。结论腹腔镜巨脾切除术安全可行．近期疗效良好。     

腹腔镜与开腹完整结肠系膜切除术的疗效比较

目的探讨腹腔镜与开腹结肠癌完整结肠系膜切除术（CME）疗效的差异。方法收集2000年9月至2008年12月问福建医科大学附属协和医院外科同一组医师连续实施的273例结肠癌CME手术患者的临床资料,其中腹腔镜手术147例,开腹手术126例,比较两组术后的肿瘤根治性及远期疗效。结果两组的近端切缘、远端切缘长度及淋巴结清扫数目的差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。273例患者中．有251例（91．9％）接受了术后随访,中位随访时间50个月。腹腔镜组与开腹组的局部复发率分别为6．1％（9／147）和7．9％（10／126）,远处转移率分别为23．8％（35／147）和16．7％（21／126）,差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。两组5年总生存率分别为69．4％和74．0％,5年无瘤生存率分别为68．5％和70．9％,差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。结论腹腔镜结肠癌CME手术能达到与开腹手术相同的肿瘤根治范围,有望成为结肠癌新的手术规范。     

低位直肠癌腹腔镜辅助下经肛门拖出式吻合保肛术的临床研究

目的探讨腹腔镜经肛门拖出式吻合保肛术治疗低位直肠癌的可行性、安全性、根治性及近期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2002年1月-2006年12月行低位直肠癌根治术65例的临床资料。其中，行腹腔镜低位直肠癌拖出式吻合保肛术28例（腹腔镜组），直肠癌低位前切除术37例（开腹组）。分析比较两组的手术方式、手术学指标、肿瘤学指标和近期疗效。结果腹腔镜组中转开腹1例。两组在手术时间、切除标本长度、清扫淋巴结数量、肠管远切缘长度方面无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。腹腔镜组术中平均出血量少、肠道功能恢复快，显著优于开腹组（P〈0．05）。两组平均随访35个月。腹腔镜组和开腹组术后并发症发生率分别为5．9％和6．5％；复发率和总生存率分别为3．6％、5．4%和96．4%、94．6％，均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论腹腔镜经肛门拖出式吻合保肛术治疗低位直肠癌能够严格地遵守肿瘤学根治性原则，安全、可行，并具有出血少、住院时间短等优点。     

腹腔镜与开腹全直肠系膜切除术治疗中低位直肠癌的同期临床对照研究

目的评价腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术（TME）治疗中低位直肠癌的可行性、安全性、根治性及近期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2005年11月至2008年10月同期收治进行TME的腹腔镜手术（93例）和传统开腹手术（105例）中低位直肠癌患者的临床资料,对两组的手术方式、手术学指标、肿瘤学指标和近期疗效进行比较。结果两组患者的临床资料具有可比性（P〉0．05）。腹腔镜组和传统开腹组手术时间分别为（164．6±35．6）min和（141．9±29．4）min;术中出血量分别为（51．4＋±20．2）ml和（180．0±64．7）ml,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）;腹腔镜组有4例（4．3％）中转开腹,两组保肛率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;均无手术死亡。在切除标本长度、清扫淋巴结数量和肠管远切缘长度方面两组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）：所有标本远切缘病理学检查均为阴性。腹腔镜组的术后镇痛需求率、肠功能恢复时间、进食流质时间、下床活动时间及住院时间均低于或少于开腹组（P〈0．001）;手术并发症发生率两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。平均随访19个月．腹腔镜组和开腹组患者复发率和总生存率分别是4．4％和7．3％,97．8％和97．9％．差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论腹腔镜TME具有明显的微创优势．安全可行。     

The surgical management of congenital liver cysts

BACKGROUND: Most series that report the results of surgical treatment for congenital liver cysts focus more on the technical aspects of the operation than on the late outcome of these patients. In this paper, we emphasize the importance of appropriate patient selection and adequate surgical technique for successful long-term outcome. METHODS: Twenty-four consecutive patients with congenital liver cysts were selected for surgical treatment. According to our own classification, 13 patients had simple liver cysts, nine had multicystic liver disease, and two had type I polycystic liver disease. All of these patients were treated by the fenestration technique. An open approach was used for five patients (group 1) treated between 1984 and 1990. In 19 patients (group 2) treated since 1991, a laparoscopic approach was used. The incidence of complicated liver cysts was 40% in group 1 and 68% in group 2. RESULTS: There were no treatment-related deaths in this series. The mean postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter for patients who underwent successful laparoscopic fenestration (p < 0.05). In the open group (group 1), there were no postoperative complications, and all patients were alive and free of symptoms during a mean follow-up of 130 months, without any sign of cyst recurrence. In the laparoscopic group (group 2), four patients were converted to open surgery. One of these patients had an inaccessible posterior cyst; another had bile within the cystic cavity. A further two cases had complicated liver cysts with an uncertain diagnosis between congenital and neoplastic cysts. Four patients (21%) developed peri- or postoperative complications. During a mean follow-up time of 38.5 months, none of the patients with simple liver cysts incurred late symptoms or signs of cyst recurrence. In the six patients with multicystic liver disease, one developed disease-related cyst progression (17%) and required reoperation. One of the two patients with type I polycystic liver disease (50%) developed asymptomatic disease-related cyst progression. CONCLUSIONS: When patients are carefully selected and a proper surgical technique is employed, excellent long-term results with a low morbidity rate can be achieved in patients with congenital liver cysts. Patients with multicystic liver disease or type I polycystic liver disease are more prone to late cyst recurrence. A tailored approach is thus indicated for patients with congenital liver cystic disease. However, the laparoscopic approach appears to be the gold standard for the treatment of highly symptomatic or complicated simple liver cysts.     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗肝囊肿32例临床分析

目的 比较腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗肝囊肿的疗效与安全性.方法 回顾性分析我院2008年1月至2011年12月行手术治疗的32例肝囊肿患者临床资料,其中运用腹腔镜手术治疗(腹腔镜组)19例,开腹手术治疗(开腹组)13例.比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症发生率、胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间、住院费用、术后肝功能及肝囊肿...     

Study of the Radical vs. Conservative Surgical Treatment of the Hepatic Hydatid Cyst: A 10-Year Experience

The hepatic hydatid cyst is a major health problem in endemic areas. Surgery is still the best choice for the treatment of hydatid cyst of the liver. There is controversy regarding efficacy of radical versus conservative surgical approaches. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the two surgical methods in patients treated for the hepatic hydatid cyst. This is a retrospective review of the medical records of 135 patients who underwent surgery for the hepatic hydatid cyst from 1993 to 2003. Surgery comprised conservative methods (evacuation of the cyst content and excision of the inner cyst layers) and radical methods (total excision of the cyst and removal of its outer layer). One hundred thirty five patients underwent liver surgery. Conservative surgery was performed for 71 (53%), whereas, the remaining 64 patients (47%) underwent radical surgery. Local recurrence rate of the cysts was lower in the radical versus conservative surgery group and the mean length of hospital stay was shorter in the radical surgery group. Radical surgery of the hepatic hydatid cyst may be the preferred treatment because of its low rate of local recurrence, as well as short hospital stay.     

Laparoscopic management of symptomatic nonparasitic cysts of the liver. Indications and results.

OBJECTIVE: This clinical study evaluated the results of and defined the indications for laparoscopic fenestration of symptomatic nonparasitic hepatic cysts, either solitary or diffuse. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Different surgical treatments have been proposed for highly symptomatic hepatic cysts: enucleation, fenestration, hepatic resection, and liver transplantation. The advent of laparoscopic surgery has given new opportunities but, at the same time, has increased the uncertainties concerning the proper management of these patients. METHODS: Eight patients with solitary cysts and nine with polycystic liver and kidney disease (PLD) were seen during a period of 2 years. After a careful review of the symptoms, 6 patients were excluded from surgical treatment and 11 (4 solitary cysts and 7 PLD) were treated by laparoscopic fenestration. Postoperative morbidity and mortality rates, hospital stay, and clinical early and late results were evaluated. RESULTS: In the solitary cyst group, there was no surgical morbidity or deaths, and a complete regression of symptoms occurred in all patients. No recurrences were observed. In the PLD group, two patients had to be converted to laparotomic fenestration (28%). There were no deaths, and the surgical morbidity was limited to two cases of postoperative ascites. Symptomatic relief was obtained in 80% of patients, but the symptoms recurred in 60%. A subgroup of PLD at high risk for recurrence was identified. CONCLUSIONS: The best indications for laparoscopic fenestration seem to be solitary cyst and PLD characterized by large cysts mainly located on the liver surface (type 1), whereas PLD characterized by numerous small cysts all over the liver (type 2) should be considered a contraindication to laparoscopic fenestration.     

悬吊式腹腔镜辅助治疗巨大卵巢囊肿

目的探讨悬吊式腹腔镜辅助手术在巨大卵巢囊肿治疗中的临床应用价值。方法2006年1月-2009年12月对89例巨大卵巢囊肿（囊肿直径≥10cm）分别采用悬吊式腹腔镜、气腹腹腔镜、开腹手术3种不同方式进行治疗,比较3种术式在手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、术后疼痛、皮下气肿及血肿发生率、住院时间等方面的差异,术后随访3个月观察月经情况。结果3组手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛、排气时间、住院时间均有显著性差异（JP〈0．05）。3组术中并发症及皮下气肿、血肿发生率无明显差异（P〉0．05）。悬吊组手术时间（38．4±10．5）min显著短于气腹组（110．5±12．2）min（q=30．758,P〈0．05）和开腹组手术时间（65．3±14．6）min（q=11．566,P〈0．05）;悬吊组术中出血量（40．3±12．8）ml明显少于气腹组（150．8±30．2）ml（q=26．598,P〈0．05）及开腹组（95．7±20．1）ml（q=13．440,P〈0．05）;悬吊组术后排气时间（14．4±4．3）h明显短于气腹组（24．9±5．9）h（q=10．157,P〈0．05）及开腹组（50．8±6．2）h（q=35．490,P〈0．05）;悬吊组住院时间（3．2±0．8）d明显少于开腹组（6．7±0．7）d（q=18．681,P〈0．05）。悬吊组肩胛疼痛2例（7．1％）,明显少于气腹组10例（33．3％）（,=6．054,P=0．014）;悬吊组皮下气肿发生率0,明显低于气腹组6例（20．0％）（Fisher’s检验,P=0．015）;悬吊组术后腹壁疼痛5例（17．8％）,明显低于开腹组26例（83．9％）（r=25．711,P=0．000）。术后3个月气腹组月经异常发生率为13．4％（4／30）,悬吊组及开腹组分别为3．6％（1／28）和6．4％（2／31）,3组比较无显著性差异（X^2=2．036,P=0．361）。结论悬吊式腹腔镜辅助治疗巨大卵巢囊肿优于气腹腹腔镜手术和传统开腹手术。     

腹腔镜开窗引流术治疗儿童非寄生虫性脾囊肿的单中心经验

目的:探讨腹腔镜下开窗引流术治疗儿童非寄生虫性脾囊肿的应用价值。方法:回顾分析2017年5月至2020年5月为6例脾囊肿患儿行腹腔镜脾囊肿开窗引流术的临床资料,统计分析囊肿大小、患儿年龄、手术时间、术中出血量、腹腔引流管留置时间及术后住院时间等相关指标,并进行长期随访,观察复发及并发症等情况。结果:6例患儿均成功完成腹腔镜脾囊肿开窗引流术,无中转开腹。患儿4~15岁,手术时间75~150 min,术中出血量10~30 mL,术后留置腹腔引流管4~19 d,术后住院4~19 d。术后随访0.5~3年,2例复发。结论:腹腔镜下脾囊肿开窗引流术治疗儿童脾囊肿安全、可行,操作简单。     

Role of fenestration and resection for symptomatic solitary liver cysts

BACKGROUND: Symptomatic liver cysts can be managed surgically by fenestration or by hepatic resection. The present study was designed to investigate the current role of each surgical technique in the management of this benign condition. METHODS: Forty consecutive patients with symptomatic liver cyst (non-parasitic and non-malignant) surgically treated by fenestration or resection were identified from a prospectively collected database. An analysis of primary outcome measures including operative parameters, morbidity and mortality rates, length of postoperative stay and recurrence rates in months was carried out. RESULTS: The laparoscopic fenestration group had the best perioperative outcome. At median follow up of 20 months, there were no recurrences in the resection group but recurrence occurred in 6/27 (22%) in the fenestration group. Four of these recurrences were asymptomatic and were managed conservatively while two symptomatic recurrences required a resection. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic fenestration is the best treatment for symptomatic liver cysts as the primary operation. It is associated with the lowest blood loss, lowest morbidity and shortest hospital stay. Liver resection is best reserved for recurrent symptomatic cysts and cystic lesions suspicious of tumours where it can be safely performed and associated with a zero recurrence rate.     

腹腔镜与开腹肝左叶部分切除治疗肝癌的临床疗效分析

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨腹腔镜肝左叶部分切除治疗肝癌的近期及远期临床疗效。方法〓回顾性分析2008年5月~2012年6月我科51例腹腔镜下肝左叶部分切除术(腹腔镜组)与50例开腹肝左叶部分切除术(开腹组)的临床资料,比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、并发症、住院费用和生存率、复发率。结果〓腹腔镜组手术时间长于开腹组(128.6±29.7 min vs 106.3±26.5 min, P<0.05),术中出血量多于开腹组(180.5±53.6 mL vs 130.2±44.5 mL, P<0.05),住院时间短于开腹组(6.8±1.4 d vs 11.4±3.0 d,P<0.05),住院费用少于开腹组(3.1±0.5万元 vs 3.3±0.6万元, P<0.05),两组术后并发症发生率(3.9% vs 6.0%)无差异。腹腔镜组中位生存时间为40个月,1、2、3年生存率分别为90.2%、80.4%、68.6%;开腹组中位生存时间为41个月,1、2、 3年生存率分别为90.0%、82.0%、66.0%。腹腔镜组中位无瘤生存时间为29个月,l、2、3年复发率分别为19.6%、45.1%、54.9%;开腹组中位无瘤生存时间为31个月,1、2、3年复发率分别为22.0%、42.0%、50.0%。结论〓腹腔镜肝左叶部分切除安全可行,不影响肝癌患者的预后,与开腹手术相比,具有微创,术后恢复快,住院时间短,费用低的优势。