罂粟碱的体内与体外代谢物研究

利用HPLC-MSⁿ检测罂粟碱及其在大鼠体内(大鼠粪便)和体外(肝微粒体, 肠道菌)代谢物。体内与体外的代谢物经C₁₈小柱进行富集和纯化后, 直接采用优化的HPLC-ESI/ITMSⁿ方法对样品进样分析。以罂粟碱标准品为对象优化高效液相色谱/电喷雾离子阱质谱(HPLC-ESI/ITMSⁿ )实验条件, 分析总结其电喷雾质谱的一级电离规律和多级质谱裂解规律, 作为罂粟碱大鼠体内与体外代谢物结构分析的依据。代谢物的结构推导主要依据代谢物的色谱保留时间及其电喷雾离子阱质谱HPLC-ESI/ITMSⁿ电离规律。在大鼠粪便中有原药及其8种代谢产物。体外代谢物检测到原药的脱甲基和羟基化。     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱串联质谱分析水苏碱及其大鼠体内代谢物

目的鉴定水苏碱在大鼠体内的代谢物。方法应用高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱串联质谱(HPLC-ESI/MSⁿ)技术研究水苏碱的一级质谱电离规律、二级质谱裂解规律及其色谱保留，以此作为水苏碱大鼠体内代谢物分析鉴定的依据；再将健康大鼠空腹灌胃25 mg·kg^-1水苏碱，收集0～24 h的尿样，经C₁₈小柱固相萃取分离纯化后，应用HPLC-ESI/MS分析尿样中水苏碱代谢物。结果在大鼠尿样中发现了母药及其N-去甲基、氧化脱氢、环氧化等6种I相代谢产物及两种环氧化物的甘氨酸轭合II相代谢产物。结论HPLC-ESI/MS法灵敏度高，快速，定性能力强，适合于水苏碱大鼠体内代谢物的分析。     

HPLC-MSn法鉴定葫芦巴碱及其在大鼠体内的主要代谢产物

目的建立快速灵敏的LC-MSⁿ检测葫芦巴碱及其在大鼠体内代谢物的分析方法。方法以葫芦巴碱对LC-MS²色谱及质谱条件进行优化，分析其电喷雾质谱的一级电离规律和多级质谱裂解规律，以此作为葫芦巴碱大鼠体内代谢物分析鉴定的依据。健康大鼠尾静脉注射8 mg·kg^-1葫芦巴碱，收集0～48 h的尿样，经C₁₈小柱固相萃取分离纯化后，直接采用LC-MSⁿ方法对尿样进行测定。结果根据生物体内药物代谢转化规律及母体药物的色谱-质谱行为规律，在尿样中鉴定出母药及其N-去甲基、N-去甲基环氧化产物，以及母药及其N-去甲基环氧化物的甘氨酸轭合物。结论本方法灵敏、快速、选择性高、专属性好，可用于葫芦巴碱的代谢产物研究。     

HPLC-ESI/ITMSn法分析大鼠体内4-甲基哌嗪-1-二硫代甲酸-(3-氰基-3，3-二苯基)丙酯盐酸盐及其主要代谢物

目的研究新化合物4-甲基哌嗪-1-二硫代甲酸-(3-氰基-3，3-二苯基)丙酯盐酸盐(TM208)在大鼠体内的主要代谢产物。方法大鼠ig TM208 500 mg·kg^-1后，收集粪样、尿样和血样，用液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱质谱法测定。根据TM208及其代谢产物的色谱保留时间和电喷雾离子阱质谱(ESI-ITMSⁿ )电离规律及生物体内药物代谢转化规律，推导代谢物的结构。结果在粪样中发现8种I相代谢产物，在尿样和血样中发现5种I相代谢产物，未发现II相代谢产物。结论本法操作简便、快速、灵敏度高、专属性强，是一种研究TM208体内代谢产物的有效方法。     

HPLC-ESI-ITMSn法鉴定麻黄碱及其大鼠体内主要代谢产物

目的建立快速灵敏的LC-ESI-ITMSⁿ分析检测麻黄碱及其大鼠体内代谢物的方法。方法以麻黄碱对照品对LC-ESI-ITMS²色谱及质谱条件进行了优化，分析总结其电喷雾质谱的一级电离规律和多级质谱裂解规律，以此作为麻黄碱大鼠体内代谢物分析鉴定的依据。健康大鼠空腹灌胃麻黄碱10 mg·kg^-1，收集0~48 h的尿样，经C₁₈小柱固相萃取分离纯化后，直接采用LC-ESI-ITMSⁿ方法对尿样进行测定。结果根据生物体内药物代谢转化规律及母体药物的色谱-质谱行为规律，在尿样中鉴定出3个第I相代谢产物，未发现第II相代谢产物。结论本方法灵敏、快速、选择性高、专属性好，可用于麻黄碱的代谢产物研究。     

液相色谱-串联电喷雾离子阱质谱法鉴定大鼠尿液中药根碱代谢物

目的研究药根碱在大鼠体内的主要代谢产物。方法健康大鼠尾静脉注射12 mg·kg^-1药根碱，收集0～72 h的尿样，尿样经C₁₈小柱固相萃取分离纯化后，经液相色谱-串联电喷雾离子阱质谱(LC-ESI/ITMSⁿ)分析鉴定其中的代谢物。代谢物的结构鉴定主要依据各代谢物与原药的一级质谱电离规律和二级或三级质谱裂解规律间的关联性。结果在大鼠尿样中检测到7种I相代谢产物(如原药的脱氢、脱甲基、羟基化代谢物)及11种II相代谢产物(如甲基化轭合物和葡糖醛酸轭合物)。结论本方法用于大鼠尿样中药根碱的代谢物研究不仅操作简单、快速，而且灵敏度高、专属性强。     

液相色谱-串联电喷雾离子阱质谱法鉴定大鼠尿液中大豆黄素的羟基化代谢产物及其硫酸酯轭合物

目的鉴定大豆黄素在大鼠体内的羟基化及其结合形代谢产物。方法SD大鼠分别单剂量给药500 mg·kg^-1，收集0～24 h尿样。尿样经SPE ODS C₁₈固相萃取柱纯化后，用LC-ESI/MSⁿ对尿样中的代谢物分别进行选择离子监测(SIM)和多级质谱(MSⁿ)分析。结果在大鼠尿中检测到几种尚未在国内外报道过的羟基化代谢产物及其硫酸酯轭合物。结论LC-ESI/MSⁿ法可以快速、简捷、准确地鉴定大豆黄素在大鼠体内羟基化及其结合形代谢产物。     

液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱质谱法分析大鼠血浆中的樟柳碱及其代谢物

目的用液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱串联质谱(LC-MS^{n)联用方法鉴定大鼠血浆中的樟柳碱及其主要代谢物。方法取单剂量灌胃樟柳碱20 mg的大鼠血浆，甲醇沉淀蛋白，采用LC-MSn等方法分析血样。与空白血样及樟柳碱对照品相比较，根据血样中代谢物相对分子质量的变化及其多级质谱数据，鉴定并阐述其结构。结果在服药后的大鼠血样中发现4种代谢物， 分别为东莨菪醇、 N-去甲基东莨菪醇、 羟基化樟柳碱以及N-氧化樟柳碱。结论 该方法灵敏、快速、简便，适合于药物及其代谢物的快速鉴定。}     

五味子酯甲在大鼠体内代谢产物的鉴定

目的 考察五味子酯甲在大鼠体内的代谢转化。方法 采用超高效液相色谱串联四级杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-TOF-MS/MS)分析鉴定大鼠灌胃五味子酯甲后,其在尿样中的代谢产物。Phenomenex UPLC C₁₈色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-1‰甲酸水,梯度洗脱,质谱仪离子源为电喷雾离子源(ESI),正离子方式检测。结果 经代谢物软件处理后,根据MS/MS给出质谱碎片信息对五味子酯甲代谢产物进行结构推测,共检测到5种代谢产物。结论 五味子酯甲在大鼠体内的代谢途径主要为氧化反应和还原反应。     

HPLC-MS法同时测定大鼠血浆中苦参碱、氧化苦参碱和氧化槐果碱的浓度及其药代动力学

建立同时测定大鼠灌胃给予三物黄芩汤后血浆中苦参碱、氧化苦参碱和氧化槐果碱含量的HPLC-MS分析方法，并计算了3种生物碱在大鼠体内的药代动力学参数。血浆样品经氯仿液-液萃取后，以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液(10∶90)为流动相，用Kromasil C₁₈色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm， 5 μm)分离， 采用电喷雾离子化源(ESI)单重四极杆串联质谱， 以选择离子检测(SIM)方式进行检测。苦参碱、 氧化苦参碱和氧化槐果碱分别在10～5 000 ng·mL^-1、 2～1 000 ng·mL^-1和2～1 000 ng·mL^-1呈良好线性关系，提取回收率分别为89.1%～93.5%、83.9%～91.3 %、85.4%～88.0%。日内及日间精密度均<15%。该法快速，灵敏，专属，适用于同时测定生物样本中苦参碱、氧化苦参碱和氧化槐果碱的血药浓度。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中康艾注射液主要有效成分

目的:建立测定康艾注射液主要有效成分氧化苦参碱(OMT)及其主要活性代谢物苦参碱(MT)人体血药浓度的反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)检测方法。方法:氯仿萃取法处理血浆样品,以Diamonsil C18柱(200 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)为固定相,甲醇-醋酸盐缓冲液系统(V∶V,30∶70)为流动相,流速1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长210 nm,建立同时测定血浆中OMT和MT的HPLC法,并按生物样品的测定要求,对方法的专属性、灵敏度、精密度、稳定性、回收率和线性范围等进行考察。结果:在确定的色谱分离条件下,血浆内源性杂质对样品测定无干扰,OMT和MT的保留时间分别为5.2和7.8 min,二者分别在0.3～19.2 mg.L-1和0.2～12.8 mg.L-1范围内样品峰面积与血药浓度之间呈良好的线性关系,且日内和日间变异系数均小于15%。配对t检验结果表明,室温放置24 h组、反复冻融3次组、-20℃冷冻放置2周组与新鲜制备组间浓度无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:所建方法定量准确可靠,适用于康艾注射液主要有效成分及其代谢物血药浓度的测定。     

Urinary metabolites of DX-8951, a novel camptothecin analog, in rats and humans

Urinary metabolites of DX-8951 ((1S,9S)-1-amino-9-ethyl-5-fluoro- 1,2,3,9,12,15-hexahydro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10H,13H- benzo[de]pyrano[3',4':6,7]indolizino[1,2-b]quinoline-10,13-dione, CAS 171335-80-1, exatecan) in rats and humans were identified. Rats were dosed with the drug, and two major metabolites (UM-1 and UM-2) in the urine were isolated and purified by using ion-exchange column and HPLC. From NMR and mass spectra, they are suggested to be 4-hydroxymethyl metabolite (UM-1) and 3-hydroxy metabolite (UM-2) of the drug. Their chemical structures were confirmed by comparing their NMR spectra with those of chemically synthesized metabolites. Two major metabolites were found in human urine obtained in phase I trial. They were also confirmed to be UM-1 and UM-2 by LC/MS/MS by comparing their mass fragment patterns with those of synthetic metabolites.     

Identification of in‐vivo and in‐vitro metabolites of palmatine by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Objectives Despite its important therapeutic value, the metabolism of palmatine is not yet clear. Our objective was to investigate its in‐vivo and in‐vitro metabolism. Methods Liquid chromatography–tandem electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI/MSⁿ) was employed in this work. In‐vivo samples, including faeces, urine and plasma of rats, were collected after oral administration of palmatine (20 mg/kg) to rats. In‐vitro samples were prepared by incubating palmatine with intestinal flora and liver microsome of rats, respectively. All the samples were purified via a C₁₈ solid‐phase extraction procedure, then chromatographically separated by a reverse‐phase C₁₈ column with methanol–formic acid aqueous solution (pH 3.5, 70: 30 v/v) as mobile phase, and detected by an on‐line MSⁿ detector. The structure of each metabolite was elucidated by comparing its molecular weight, retention time and full‐scan MSⁿ spectra with those of the parent drug. Key findings The results revealed that 12 metabolites were present in rat faeces, 13 metabolites in rat urine, 7 metabolites in rat plasma, 10 metabolites in rat intestinal flora and 9 metabolites in rat liver microsomes. Except for six of the metabolites in rat urine, the other in‐vivo and in‐vitro metabolites were reported for the first time. Conclusions Seven new metabolites of palmatine (tri‐hydroxyl palmatine, di‐demethoxyl palmatine, tri‐demethyl palmatine, mono‐demethoxyl dehydrogen palmatine, di‐demethoxyl dehydrogen palmatine, mono‐demethyl dehydrogen palmatine, tri‐demethyl dehydrogen palmatine) were reported in this work.     

Determination and pharmacokinetic study of oxymatrine and its metabolite matrine in human plasma by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

There is little information about the pharmacokinetics of oxymatrine (OMT) and its metabolite matrine (MT) after i.v. administration of OMT in human. Therefore a specific and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was established for the determination and pharmacokinetic study of OMT and its metabolite MT in human plasma after i.v. infusion administration of 600 mg of OMT in 100 ml of 5% glucose injection in 0.5 h. The analysis was carried out on a Lichrospher-CN column (250 mmx4.6 mm, i.d., 5 microm, Merck) with mobile phase of methanol-ammonium acetate (20 mmol/l; 85:15, v/v) pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The tandem mass detection was made with electrospray ionization in positive ion selected reaction monitoring mode, with argon collision-induced dissociation ion transitions m/z 265.2 to m/z 265.2 for OMT at 25 eV, m/z 249.2 to m/z 249.2 for MT at 25 eV and m/z 340.2 to m/z 324.0 at 35 eV for the internal standard (papaverine), respectively. The assay was validated to be accurate and precise for the analysis in the concentration range of 1.0-40,000 ng/ml for both OMT and MT with the LOD being 0.5 and 0.2 ng/ml, respectively, when 0.25 ml of human plasma sample was processed with papaverine as internal standard. The pharmacokinetic study was made with 10 healthy male Chinese subjects. The plasma concentration time profiles of OMT and MT obtained were best fitted with two-compartment and one-compartment models, respectively. The main pharmacokinetic parameters found for OMT and MT after i.v. infusion were as follows: Cmax (20,519+/-7581) and (247+/-45) ng/ml, Tmax (0.5+/-0.1) and (5.6+/-1.7) h, AUC0-t (20,360+/-5205) and (3817+/-610) ng h/ml, AUC0-infinity (20,436+/-5188) and (3841+/-615) ng h/ml, t1/2 (2.17+/-0.49) and (9.43+/-0.62) h, respectively. The CL/F and Vd/F of OMT were (43.8+/-10.8) l h-1 and (70.1+/-26.6) l, respectively. Therefore only a small amount of OMT was reduced to MT following i.v. administration of OMT judged by the AUCs.     

LC/DAD/MSD技术研究大鼠胆汁中盐酸非洛普的II相代谢产物

目的研究大鼠服药后胆汁中盐酸非洛普(DDPH)II相代谢产物.方法收集大鼠空白胆汁及给药后12h内的胆汁,以LC/DAD/MSD技术判断II相代谢产物峰位.以HPLC法制备II相代谢产物馏分并以β-葡糖醛酸酶水解,再进行分析;同时将与II相代谢产物相应的I相代谢产物对照品按相同条件进行分析对照.结果大鼠给药后胆汁色谱图中峰M₇,M₈和M₉为DDPH的II相代谢产物,它们的β-葡糖醛酸酶水解产物分别为M₃,M₂和M₁.结论β-1-O-{3,5-二甲基-4-[-2-甲基-2-(3,4-二甲氧基苯乙氨基)-乙氧基]-苯基}-葡糖醛酸(M₇),β-1-O-{2,4-二甲基-3-[2-甲基-2-(3,4-二甲氧基苯乙氨基)-乙氧基]-苯基}-葡糖醛酸(M₈)和β-1-O-{2-甲氧基-4-[1-甲基-2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-乙氨基-乙基]-苯基}-葡糖醛酸(M₉)为大鼠ipDDPH后产生的II相代谢产物.