精索扭转的诊断及治疗(附26例报告)

目的总结精索扭转的诊治经验。方法回顾性总结了1995年6月-2004年6月期间26例精索扭转患者的诊治资料,结合文献进行分析。结果本组26例患者经彩超检查（CDu）确诊为精索扭转23例,25例患者经手术证实为精索扭转。1例手法复位治愈,18例行坏死睾丸切除术。7例手术复位者随访0．5—3年,6例复位睾丸血流正常,1例睾丸萎缩。结论在诊断精索扭转中,CDU与核素显像相比,CDU具有准确率高,方便快捷。早期诊断、及时手术探查行扭转精索复位和睾丸固定是提高睾丸存活率的关键。     

精索形态观察在睾丸扭转早期诊治中的意义

目的:提高睾丸扭转早期的诊断和治疗水平。方法:回顾性分析49例睾丸扭转的临床资料及睾丸内血流声像图和精索超声特征。结果:49例睾丸扭转患者,彩色多普勒血流显像出现睾丸血流改变42例,其中血流增加3例,睾丸血流无明显改变7例;二维超声检查发现精索形态异常47例。手术复位固定21例,睾丸存活12例。结论:彩色多普勒超声扫描精索形态与睾丸血流变化对睾丸扭转的早期诊断有重要价值,尽早手术探查有助于挽救存活睾丸。     

睾丸扭转和精索扭转的诊断与治疗(附68例报告)

目的:探讨睾丸和精索扭转的诊断与治疗方法,提高睾丸和精索扭转的治疗水平。方法:对68例睾丸和精索扭转的临床资料进行总结,68例平均年龄21岁,<20岁者占84%,左侧55例占80.8%.发病至确诊时间6h～30天,12h以上者占90.2%。结果:53例术前彩色多普勒血流动态显象(CDFI)应作为诊断疾病的常见与首选检查方法。诊断并经手术证实,符合率100%,经手术探查;41例行手术复位、固定,睾丸获救。27例行患侧睾丸切除术,所有病例均行对侧探察,固定。结论:阴囊X核素显象,B超对睾丸精索扭转早期诊断有帮助。早期诊断,及时治疗是提高疗效的关键。彩色多普勒血流动态显象应作为诊断该疾病的常见及首选检查方法,对睾丸精索一旦确诊或疑有精索扭转的患者应及早行紧急复位,以期挽救睾丸,同时行睾丸固定术也十分必要。对于确诊毫无保留价值的睾丸需行切除术。     

睾丸扭转患者采用早期超声诊断联合手术疗法的效果判定

目的探讨睾丸扭转患者采用早期超声诊断联合手术疗法的效果。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年1月医院收治的70例睾丸扭转患者的临床资料,在早期对患者进行超声诊断,检查睾丸、附睾、精索等组织的大小、回声、形态、血流和充精情况,以手术所见或病理检查结果作为"金标准",观察不同睾丸扭转发生时间的诊断准确率、睾丸丢失率及扭转超声表现,并观察术后并发症的发生情况。结果70例患者有63例在术前通过超声诊断为睾丸扭转,其余7例诊断为睾丸急性炎症,超声诊断准确率为90.00%,误诊率为10.00%,睾丸扭转发生时间越长,超声诊断准确率越高,同时超声诊断特征越显著;70例睾丸扭转患者手术复位54例,睾丸切除16例,睾丸丢失率为22.86%,睾丸扭转发生时间越长、睾丸扭转程度越大,睾丸手术复位成功率越低,睾丸丢失率越高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);70例患者术后未见睾丸缩小、坏死现象,仅出现3例睾丸炎症,经对症治疗症状消失。结论睾丸扭转患者采用早期超声诊断联合手术疗法临床效果显著,在早期应用超声诊断睾丸扭转,可为临床手术治疗提供指导方案,降低睾丸丢失率。     

双侧精索扭转6例诊治体会

目的:探讨精索扭转的诊断和治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析6例双侧精索扭转患者的诊断和治疗经验。结果:6例患者均为双侧发病。1例双侧睾丸同时扭转,5例双侧睾丸相继扭转;2例行单侧睾丸切除,其余扭转睾丸行复位固定。结论:精索扭转需早期诊断并及时手术探查行复位固定,患侧复位固定同时可行健侧固定,如不行健侧固定必须严密监测随访。手法复位可作为有益尝试。     

精索扭转的诊断及治疗

目的:探讨精索扭转的诊断及治疗方法。方法:回顾性总结14例精索扭转的临床资料。结果:14例中8例术前行彩色多普勒超声检查(CDFI)予以协诊,并给手术证实结果一致,其中6例扭转时间短(<6h)或不全扭转者经手术复位保留了睾丸。7例因睾丸坏死而予切除。1例保守治疗。结论:对青少年突发的阴囊疼痛应考虑到本病的可能。彩色多普勒超声成像是诊断急性精索扭转的可靠方法。早期诊断及手术治疗可提高睾丸存活率,主张作对侧睾丸预防性睾丸固定,以免扭转复发或再发。     

青春期精索扭转的诊治分析(附67例报告)

目的:提高精索扭转的早期诊断和治疗水平,减少睾丸丧失。方法:回顾性分析2003年8月~2011年12月收治的67例青春期精索扭转的临床资料:患者年龄13~16岁,平均14.6岁。发病6小时内就诊23例,6~24小时39例,24小时以上5例。本组彩超检查53例;手术治疗63例,非手术治疗4例。并分析其确诊、误诊及睾丸挽救率。结果:首诊确诊率72%(48/67),误诊率28%(19/67)。误诊病种包括附睾-睾丸炎52%(10/19),鞘膜积液16%(3/19),腹股沟疝16%(3/19),输尿管结石11%(2/19),睾丸血肿5%(1/19)。67例中,外科干预63例,均为鞘膜内360°~1 080°扭转,其中发病6小时内手术探查19例,睾丸挽救率84%(16/19);6小时以上手术探查44例,睾丸挽救率23%(10/44),两组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05,两组睾丸中位扭转角度540°)。挽救及健侧睾丸行阴囊肉膜下固定术。切除睾丸病理检查结果为出血坏死性改变。非手术治疗4例中,2例手法复位成功,1例就诊睾丸已萎缩,1例自发缓解。挽救睾丸26例,其中16例随访6~18个月,睾丸萎缩11例。结论:精索扭转误诊率较高,青春期突发阴囊剧痛首先要考虑精索扭转的可能。彩超为一线检查方法。扭转程度及缺血时间是影响睾丸结局的重要因素,及时手术探查可降低睾丸切除率。因此,早期确诊和治疗是避免睾丸丧失的关键。     

精索扭转的诊断与治疗(附21例报告)

目的：总结精索扭转的诊治经验。方法：回顾性分析21例精索扭转的临床诊治资料。结果：1例手法复位成功，5例行睾丸复位固定术，15例行坏死睾丸切除术。结论：彩色多普勒超声成像是诊断精索扭转的可靠方法，早期积极手术探查是提高睾丸成活率的关键。     

精索扭转的诊断及治疗研究（附54例报告）

目的：总结精索扭转的早期诊断及治疗方法,提高精索扭转的诊治水平。方法：对54例精索扭转患者的I临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：对54例试行手法复位成功10例,失败3例;手术探查44例,20例予以保留睾丸,24例行睾丸切除,12例未行对侧睾丸预防性固定,随访有1例发生对侧精索扭转,32例行对侧睾丸预防性固定,未见精索扭转发生。结论：对本病应保持足够的警惕与认识,并通过详细地询问病史细致地体格检查,适当地辅助检和及时地手术探查来诊断本病;睾丸毁损与扭转的时间密切相关,延迟就诊是睾丸丢失的重要原因,临床高度怀疑时应及早手术探查。常规预防性固定健侧睾丸不是很必要。     

精索扭转的早期诊断及处理(附12例报告)

目的：提高精索扭转的早期诊断水平。方法：回顾性分析12例精索扭转的临床资料。结果：11例经手术证实，与术前彩色多普勒血流成像（CDFI）诊断结果一致，其中5例扭转时间短或不全扭转者经手术复位后保留了睾丸，6例因睾丸坏死而予以切除。1例保守治疗。结论：对青少年突发的阴囊疼痛应考虑到本病的可能。CDFI是一种高效，可靠的诊断方法。早期诊断及手术可提高睾丸存活率。主张对对侧睾丸应作预防性固定并随访。     

儿童睾丸与附睾急症的早期手术干预(附48例报告)

目的：探讨儿童睾丸、附睾急症的早期诊断和治疗原则。方法：对48例患儿资料进行总结分析。22例行彩色多普勒超声辅助诊断。41例急行探查手术，采用回复睾丸扭转并固定、切除坏死睾丸或睾丸附件、释放鞘膜炎性渗液、开放鞘膜减压等方法，另7例行抗感染保守治疗。结果：48例中，经探查诊断睾丸附件扭转27例，占56．3％；精索扭转7例，占14.6％；除7例睾丸坏死切除外，其余患儿均获治愈。结论：儿童睾丸、附睾急症在临床表现上缺乏诊断特异性，而性腺对缺血缺氧耐受差，在无法肯定排除性腺扭转时。应尽早进行外科干预。手术探查不仅可明确诊断，而且可对因施治，缩短病程，利于睾丸、附睾功能恢复。     

Torsion of the spermatic cord in undescended testis: report of two cases

We report two cases of torsion of the spermatic cord in undescended testis. Case 1: A 23-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with the complaints of fever and left inguinal pain. He had cerebral palsy in his past history. Tentative diagnosis of acute epididymitis of left undescended testis was made, and antibacterial drugs were given. Response was poor, and torsion of the spermatic cord was suspected strongly. Torsion of the spermatic cord in undescended testis and severe testicular infarction were seen in surgery after 13-day conservative treatment. Orchiectomy was performed. Case 2: A 6-year-old boy was admitted to our hospital with the chief complaints of left inguinal mass and pain. He had felt abdominal pain for 3 days. Scrotal contents were impalpable and the diagnosis of torsion of the spermatic cord was made. Orchiectomy was performed due to severe testicular infarction.     

睾丸扭转的早期诊断和治疗

目的 提高睾丸扭转的早期诊治水平.方法 回顾性分析本院2001年4月至2011年5月得到早期诊断和治疗的12例睾丸扭转患者的临床资料.平均年龄21(14～28)岁.发病至确诊时间2～6h,平均4.5h..12例发病时均有睾丸剧烈疼痛症状.12例均表现患侧精索异常.12例均行彩超检查,11例显示血流消失或减少.结果 12例均在发病后10小时内手术复位.结论 早期睾丸扭转诊断应重视精索的检查,精索异常是最主要的特征,彩超是最重要的辅助检查且有诊断价值.     

Acute scrotal pain in children: prospective study of diagnosis and management

Forty-eight boys were assessed for an acutely painful scrotum. Thirty-six (75%) of them underwent radionuclide scanning of the scrotum; the average age of this group was 11 years. The scan revealed epididymitis in 19 cases, spermatic cord torsion in 9, appendix testis torsion in 7 and acute hernia-hydrocele in 1. The diagnosis was confirmed at operation in all nine cases of spermatic cord torsion. Boys who had epididymitis received antibiotics only; all were available for short-term follow-up, and 16 were also assessed at a mean of 6 months after infection. Only one boy had testicular atrophy; he had undergone repair of an inguinal hernia, which could not be ruled out as a cause. Bacteriuric epididymitis occurred in three boys; two had known predisposing genitourinary anomalies, the third had no abnormalities. Boys who had nonbacteriuric epididymitis were investigated by renal and pelvic ultrasonography or voiding cystourethrography; no important abnormalities were detected. This prospective study indicates that radionuclide scanning can reliably differentiate spermatic cord torsion from other acute scrotal disease.     

Prenatal testicular torsion: principles of management.

To assess our experience with in utero testicular torsion, we retrospectively studied all newborns presenting in the newborn nursery with a diagnosis of neonatal testicular torsion. A total of 25 consecutive cases of torsion of the spermatic cord in 23 patients was identified and explored on an emergency basis. To our knowledge this represents the largest single institution series and 40% of all of the confirmed cases reported in the literature. No viable testicles were found. We strongly believe that torsion of the testis presenting at birth represents an irreversible intrauterine event best treated in an early elective setting. We suggest an inguinal approach with contralateral orchiopexy in all patients who present with signs and symptoms of prenatal (in utero) testicular torsion.     

Two cases of testicular infarction: the usefulness of enhanced MRI for preoperative diagnosis]

The differential diagnosis in acute scrotum, particularly torsion of spermatic cord and epididymitis, is sometimes difficult. An erroneous diagnosis may result in unnecessary and improper treatment. We report two cases of testicular infarction including torsion of spermatic cord, preoperatively diagnosed by enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Case 1: A 16-year-old boy presented with a 3-day history of left scrotal swelling and left lower abdominal pain. He had fever and leukocytosis. Antibiotics for 2 days failed to relieve the symptoms. Enhanced MRI showed absence of blood flow in the left testis. Scrotal exploration revealed hemorrhage and necrosis in the left testis. Left orchiectomy and right orchiopexy were performed. Case 2: A 12-year-old boy visited with scrotal swelling and fever 30 hours after an acute onset of left scrotal pain. Enhanced MRI showed absence of blood flow in the left testis. Exploration revealed left necrotic testis with torsion of spermatic cord. Left orchiectomy and right orchiopexy were performed. Our two cases suggested that enhanced MRI, by which the intratesticular blood flow can be evaluated, may be useful for the diagnosis of testicular infarction.     

睾丸扭转误诊113例分析

目的 :提高睾丸扭转 (精索扭转 )诊治水平。　方法 :回顾分析 1994～ 2 0 0 4年总计 113例睾丸扭转误诊的临床资料。　结果 :首诊误诊率 84 .3%。误诊为急性附睾、睾丸炎 81例 (71.7% ) ;鞘膜积液 10例 (8.8% ) ;急性肠炎 7例 (6 .2 % ) ;泌尿系结石 5例 (4.4 % ) ;腹股沟疝 5例 (4.4 % ) ;睾丸肿瘤 3例 (2 .7% ) ;附睾结核 2例 (1.8% )。发病至误诊时间 2h～ 2个月 ,平均 6 .3d。手法复位成功 3例 ;92例行手术探查 ,睾丸、附睾切除 6 4例 ,睾丸萎缩 2 6例 ,总计睾丸毁损率 79.6 %。　结论 :提高首诊医生对睾丸扭转的诊治水平是减少误诊的关键 ,诊断流程采用病史、体征、彩超 3者结合 ,治疗的最佳方法是积极开展阴囊急诊的手术探查。     

新生儿睾丸扭转8例诊治分析

目的 探讨新生儿睾丸扭转临床特点及诊治方法.方法 回顾性分析我院近5年收治的8例睾丸扭转新生儿的临床资料并复习相关文献.结果 新生儿睾丸扭转共8例;年龄7h~8d;左侧3例,右侧5例;入院查体均发现阴囊肿大呈暗红色或黑紫色,内可及质硬包块,触痛阳性;超声检查示患睾增大、密度不均、血流信号减少或消失;均行阴囊探查术,术中均发现精索睾丸扭转并已坏死,7例行患睾切除;病理结果示睾丸大片出血坏死,5例择期行对侧睾丸固定术.所有患儿随诊3~12月,1例家长拒绝切除患睾的患儿3月时B超复查已经萎缩,超声检查均未发现对侧睾丸异常.结论 新生儿睾丸扭转的睾丸坏死率极高;当发现新生儿阴囊色泽改变、肿大触痛等改变,在不能除外睾丸扭转时应尽早行阴囊探查术.