一针法回肠造口在后期回肠造口还纳手术中应用价值的前瞻性分析

目的探讨一针法回肠造口在后期回肠造口还纳手术中的应用价值。方法采用前瞻性随机对照研究方法。选取2016年1月至2020年7月郑州大学附属肿瘤医院收治的141例行直肠癌低位前切除+预防性回肠造口术病人的临床病理资料,剔除未行造口还纳手术病人14例,最终入组127例。按照随机数字表法将病人分为两组。行一针法回肠造口设为观察组;行传统回肠造口设为对照组。观察指标:(1)入组病人分组情况。(2)回肠造口还纳手术情况。(3)术后情况。(4)随访情况。采用门诊和电话方式进行随访,直肠癌低位前切除+预防性回肠造口术后每个月随访1次,随访至回肠造口还纳手术后3个月,了解病人随访期间的并发症及死亡情况。随访时间截至2020年7月。正态分布的计量资料以x±s表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验;偏态分布的计量资料以M(P25,P75)或M(范围)表示,组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。计数资料以绝对数表示,组间比较采用χ²检验。等级资料组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。结果(1)入组病人分组情况:筛选出符合条件的病人127例;中位年龄为64岁,年龄范围为31~83岁。127例病人中观察组66例,对照组61例。(2)回肠造口还纳手术情况:两组病人均顺利完成回肠造口还纳手术。观察组和对照组病人切口长度,手术时间,术中出血量,术中粘连程度(轻度粘连、明显粘连)分别为4.25 cm(4.00 cm,5.00 cm)和7.50 cm(7.00 cm,8.50 cm),48.00 min(33.75 min,58.00 min)和70.00 min(57.00 min,80.00 min),30 mL(20 mL,50 mL)和30 mL(30 mL,50 mL),34、32例和13、48例,两组病人上述指标比较,差异均有统计学意义(Z=-9.549、-6.133、-2.758,χ²=12.405,P<0.05)。(3)术后情况:观察组和对照组病人切口感染分别为5例和13例,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.917,P<0.05)。(4)随访情况:127例病人均获得随访,随访时间为6~21个月,中位随访时间为10个月。随访期间仅对照组3例病人出现术后切口疝,经保守治疗痊愈。两组病人均未出现吻合口瘘相关并发症和死亡病例。结论一针法回肠造口具有造口还纳的优势,能有效缩短回肠造口还纳手术的操作时间,减少术中出血量,缩短切口长度,降低术后切口感染并发症发生率。     

低位直肠癌保肛手术附加预防性末端回肠造口26例

目的 总结末端回肠造口在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用体会.方法 回顾性分析2006年1月至2012年11月施行预防性末端回肠造口的26例低位直肠癌保肛手术患者的临床资料.结果 行预防性末端回肠造口26例无吻合口漏发生,平均住院时间为（12.0±2.6） d,术后3个月左右行造口回肠还纳.结论 预防性末端回肠造口可有效降低低位直肠癌保肛手术后吻合口漏发生率,明显缩短患者住院时间,尤其在高龄、全身情况较差、合并有基础疾病等患者中有较好的临床推广价值.     

末端回肠外置造口在低位直肠癌手术中的应用

目的探讨末端回肠造口在低位直肠癌手术中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析16例低位直肠癌前切除术中加行末端回肠外置造口术防治吻合口漏的临床资料。结果 16例均经直肠癌低位前切除术切除病灶一期吻合并加行末端回肠外置造口术。术后未发生吻合口漏。2个月后二期手术回纳回肠造口,回纳前3例出现直肠吻合口狭窄,所有病人如期实施造口回纳,未出现并发症。结论末端回肠外置造口制作和回纳简单,手术并发症少,可有效预防和治疗直肠癌术后吻合口漏,尤其在高龄、全身情况较差、有伴发病、手术操作难度大等不利于低位吻合病人中有较好的临床推广价值。     

经盲肠回肠末端置管预防性造瘘在腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术中的应用

探讨经盲肠回肠末端置管预防性造瘘在腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术中应用价值。回顾分析2018年8月—2019年9月行腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术并行预防性造瘘患者89例,其中经盲肠回肠末端置管预防性造瘘患者36例为观察组,回肠末端造瘘患者53例为对照组,对两组患者术中情况及术后恢复相关指标进行对比研究。两组术中探查肿瘤大小(P=0.224)、周围是否受侵(P=0.52)、吻合方式(P=0.586)、出血量(P=0.649)等差异无统计学意义;术后两组肛门排气/排便时间(P=0.983)、进食时间(P=0.530)、卧床时间(P=0.322)、吻合口瘘的发生率(P=0.465)等差异亦无统计学意义;观察组手术时间短于对照组(P=0.002),术后拔出引流管时间(P0.001)及住院时间(P0.001)长于对照组,差异有统计学意义。经盲肠回肠末端置管预防性造瘘低位直肠癌术后效果良好,手术后拔管时间及住院时间延长,但可以避免患者二次还纳手术。     

选择性预防末端回肠造瘘在腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用价值

目的:探讨选择性预防末端回肠造瘘在腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛术中对降低吻合口漏发生率的临床价值。方法:回顾分析为109例患者行腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术的临床资料,其中40例行预防性末端回肠造瘘术,69例未行末端回肠造瘘术,对比两组患者术后情况。结果:造瘘组术后无一例发生吻合漏,术后肛门排气时间平均(1.3±0.4)d,术后进食时间平均(1.8±0.4)d,术后盆腔引流管拔除时间平均(6.2±1.5)d,术后平均住院(8.0±1.5)d,治疗费用平均(3.2±0.3)万元。未造瘘组患者术后9例(13.0%)发生吻合口漏,术后肛门排气时间平均(5.1±0.6)d,术后进食时间平均(5.7±0.3)d,术后盆腔引流管拔除时间平均(8.3±3.8)d,术后平均住院(14.2±3.6)d;治疗费用平均(4.3±0.8)万元。两组术后观察指标差异均有统计学意义。结论:低位直肠癌保肛术中选择性预防末端回肠造瘘可有效降低吻合口漏的发生率,尤其高龄、全身情况较差等不利于低位吻合的患者。但术者应进行个体化选择,同时严格遵循无瘤原则、合理选择病例、精细操作可使更多的低位直肠癌患者获得保留肛门的机会。     

腹白线一针式预防性回肠双腔造口在腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除术中的应用

探讨腹白线位置采用一针式进行预防性回肠双腔造口在腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除术中的应用价值.回顾性分析2015年3月—2020年6月郓城县人民医院收治的53例低位的直肠癌保肛患者,自腹白线一针式预防性回肠双腔造口的腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除术的28例(观察组),同期传统三层缝合式预防性回肠双腔造口的腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除术25例...     

腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除术中应用支架法肠道转流术与临时性回肠造口术的临床效果对比

目的对比在腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除术中应用支架法肠道转流术与临时性回肠造口术的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年1月宁波大学附属第一医院行腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除术的57例患者的临床资料, 根据回肠改道方式的不同分为肠道转流组36例和回肠造口组21例。结果两组患者均顺利完成手术, 在术后肠道功能恢复、术后并发症发生率方面差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。术后3个月肠道转流组的血清白蛋白、前白蛋白、血红蛋白水平均高于回肠造口组, 差异均有统计学意义[(40.5±2.3)g/L比(38.1±2.6)g/L、(26.4±2.7)mg/dl比(24.5±2.0)mg/dl、(137.6±5.9)g/L比(134.0±7.0)g/L, t=3.605、2.743、2.085, 均P<0.05]。肠道转流组的治疗总费用也明显低于回肠造口组[(57 100±7 500)元比(69 300±9 100)元, t=-5.477, P<0.05]。结论支架法肠道转流术应用于腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除后预防吻合口漏相较于传统的回肠造口术在减少创伤、降低费用、改善患者的营养状...     

末端回肠气管导管造瘘术预防低位直肠癌根治术吻合口漏的临床应用

目的探讨末端回肠气管导管造瘘术在低位直肠癌保肛术中预防吻合口漏的应用价值。方法 2013年7月~10月我科对15例低位直肠癌患者行低位直肠癌根治术(Dixon),术中应用7号气管导管经末端回肠置管造口。结果本组手术时间3~4 h,术中造瘘时间8~10 min。术后第7 d出现吻合口漏1例(6.7%),造瘘管处腹壁疼痛1例,一过性造瘘管梗阻2例,无再次手术病例。结论末端回肠气管导管造瘘术是一种安全的造瘘方法,能有效预防和治疗低位直肠癌根治术后吻合口漏。     

预防性回肠造口对直肠前切除术后吻合口瘘及低位前切除综合征的影响分析

目的 探讨预防性回肠造口对直肠前切除术后吻合口瘘及低位前切除综合征(LARS)的影响。方法 收集2018年12月至2020年12月蚌埠医学院第一附属医院行腹腔镜下中低位直肠癌前切除手术的245例患者资料,根据是否一期行预防性回肠造口分为常规组(161例)及造口组(84例),比较两组吻合口瘘发生率、二次手术率、术后住院时间、住院费用及术后3、6、12个月时LARS评分的变化。结果 造口组吻合口瘘发生率显著低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(3.57%vs 12.42%,χ²=5.084,P=0.024);而两组二次手术率(0 vs 2.48%)、术后住院时间[(8.42±0.86) d vs (8.68±1.15) d]、平均住院费用[(5.42±0.36)万元vs(5.54±0.89)万元]差异无统计学意义。造口组术后3、6个月时的LARS评分分别为(25.5±2.4)分、(20.5±2.3)分,显著低于同期常规组的(34.3±4.1)分、(28.8±2.7)分,差异均有统计学意义(t=18.109、23.991,均P<0.001),但两组术后12个月时的LARS...     

12 mm trocar在腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术后预防性回肠造口中的应用北大核心CSCD

目的探讨12 mm trocar在腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术后预防性回肠造口中的临床应用效果。方法回顾性分析2014年3月~2021年12月我院60例低位直肠癌的临床资料,2018年1月~2021年12月30例应用12 mm trocar行预防性回肠造口为观察组,2014年3月~2017年12月30例常规造口为对照组,观察2组患者造口手术时间、造口手术出血量、术后24 h造口处疼痛数字评分(Numeric Rating Scale,NRS)、造口相关并发症发生率、住院时间的差异。结果2组手术顺利,未发生严重并发症。观察组造口手术时间(19.5±3.8)min,显著短于对照组(25.7±5.8)min(t=-4.898,P=0.000);造口手术出血量(14.2±4.4)ml,明显少于对照组(18.7±5.6)ml(t=-3.461,P=0.001);术后24 h造口处疼痛NRS(2.2±1.0)分,明显低于对照组(3.2±1.0)分(t=-3.873,P=0.000)。2组造口相关并发症发生率分别为6.7%(2/30)、13.3%(4/30),差异无统计学意义(P=0.667);住院时间分别为(9.6±1.1)d、(9.7±1.0)d,差异无统计学意义(t=-0.368,P=0.714)。结论12 mm trocar应用在腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术后预防性回肠造口中安全、可靠,值得临床推广应用。     

免充气腋径路腔镜与传统开放甲状腺手术的疗效对比分析

目的：比较免充气腋径路腔镜与传统开放甲状腺手术的临床效果。方法：回顾性分析2015年8月至2020年7月瑞金医院卢湾分院普外科行单侧甲状腺全切除术的病人资料,按照手术方式分为两组,96例免充气腋径路腔镜单侧甲状腺手术(腔镜组)和232例传统开放单侧甲状腺手术(开放组)。比较两组手术相关指标、术后恢复相关指标及术后并发症发生率。结果：腔镜组手术时间显著长于开放组[(168±23) min比(95±18) min,P=0.022],术中喉返神经识别率两组差异无统计学意义(100.0%比99.1%,P=0.138),上、下甲状旁腺识别率腔镜组显著高于开放组(98.0%比97.0%;95.8%比99.1%,P=0.003、0.028)。术后首日引流量腔镜组显著高于开放组[(42±22) mL比(25±10) mL,P=0.006],术后住院天数长于开放组[(2.8±0.6) d比(1.8±1.2) d,P=0.016],住院费用两组差异无统计学意义[(13 186±1 015)元比(12 632±1 456)元,P=0.365],总体并发症发生率两组差异无统计学意义(10.4%比9.1%,P=...     

Morbidity related to the use of a protective stoma in anterior resection for rectal cancer

Objective To evaluate morbidity related to the use of a protective stoma in rectal resection for cancer. Method Seventy‐two patients undergoing anterior rectal resection for cancer combined with a protective stoma (1993–2005) were included. Loop ileostomy was applied in 61 patients, loop colostomy in 10, and end ileostomy in one. Data regarding the primary operation were recorded prospectively, and stoma complications retrospectively. Results Five patients (7%) developed stoma complications immediately after the primary operation, and 14/70 (20%) following hospital discharge. The stoma was closed in 62 (86%) patients after median 4 (range 1–11) months. Five patients (8%) developed complications in hospital after closure. Two patients (3%) died, one of ileal anastomotic leak and one of myocardial infarction. Five patients (8%) had late complications after closure. A total of 19 patients (26%) developed stoma related complications. Eight (11%) of these were reoperated. Premature stoma closure was necessary in two additional patients. Nine patients (13%) ended up with a permanent stoma. Fourteen (19%) patients developed signs of rectal anastomotic failure, six (8%) of whom needed reoperation. One died. Conclusion Significant morbidity is related to the use of defunctioning stomas. A protective stoma cannot always prevent serious complications of a rectal anastomotic leak, and a proportion of the patients will not have the stoma closed.     

改良三针法回肠末端预防性造口手术技巧的应用

目的评价三针法预防性回肠末端造口术的应用效果。 方法回顾性分析2018年4月至2018年8月期间收治的13例腹腔镜直肠癌根治术后行末端回肠预造口的患者资料,造口方式采用改良三针法固定造口,即一侧腹直肌前后鞘缝合1针,再连针带线穿过肠系膜无血管区,然后在另一侧腹直肌前后鞘再缝合1针,出针后将缝线再由无血管区穿回对侧,收紧缝线;再将造口远近端肠管各固定1针于腹直肌前后鞘。继而开放造瘘口,并将造口肠管全层与皮肤间断缝合。 结果13例患者均顺利完成手术,平均手术时间(139.62±47.01) min,平均术中出血量(56.15±32.54) ml,有1例患者术后出现造口皮肤黏膜分离,保守治疗后好转。其余患者均未发生造口黏膜与皮肤分离、造口塌陷、造口脱垂、造瘘口肠管坏死、狭窄、感染等并发症。 结论本术式操作简便、易于掌握,手术耗时相对减少,术后并发症少,便于还纳,进一步改进了回肠末端预防性造口的手术方式,一般情况良好,具有安全性和可行性。     

肝癌全身麻醉射频消融术后应用舒更葡糖钠逆转神经肌肉阻滞的回顾性研究

目的：探讨CT引导肝癌全身麻醉(全麻)射频消融术后、应用舒更葡糖钠逆转神经肌肉阻滞的作用。方法：回顾性分析2019年11月至2022年2月我院220例全麻肝癌射频消融术病人资料。根据不同逆转神经肌肉阻滞类型，即肌松拮抗剂分为：舒更葡糖钠组(S组)108例和新斯的明组(N组)112例。两组病人均采取全凭静脉麻醉，麻醉诱导和维持方式相同。S组术毕静脉给予舒更葡糖钠(2 mg/kg)拮抗肌松，N组静脉给予新斯的明(2 mg)+阿托品(0.5～1 mg)拮抗肌松。比较两组病人自主呼吸完全恢复时间、气管拔管时间、麻醉恢复室(postanesthesia care unit,PACU)停留时间和术后住院时间；以及拔管后10 min CT检查肺不张发生率，术后24 h肝功能，术后肺部并发症发生情况。结果：与N组比较，S组自主呼吸完全恢复时间、气管拔管时间与PACU停留时间明显缩短(P<0.05)，拔管后10 min肺不张发生率[35例(32.4%)比59例(52.7%)]及术后肺部并发症发生率[4例(3.7%)比11例(9.8%)]明显降低(P<0.05)。两组术后24 h肝功能指标均较...     

Quality of life after low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision and temporary loop ileostomy for rectal carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Low anterior resection (LAR) with total mesorectal excision (TME) may be the optimal operation for carcinoma of the mid or lower rectum. Routine formation of a temporary defunctioning stoma has been recommended with TME. The impact of this strategy on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has not been addressed. METHODS: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted among 24 patients undergoing LAR with TME and loop ileostomy for rectal cancer. Clinical outcomes were documented. HRQOL was assessed using Short Form 36 (SF-36). Twenty-three patients undergoing high anterior resection (HAR) for rectosigmoid cancer were studied concurrently to determine the effects of major colorectal resection without a stoma. RESULTS: Time to resume normal diet, length of stay in hospital and time to return to non-work activities were similar after HAR or LAR with TME and loop ileostomy. Twelve weeks after HAR SF-36 scores were stable or improved compared with preoperative levels. In contrast, 12 weeks after LAR + TME patients had a reduction in physical functioning scores on SF-36. SF-36 scores improved after ileostomy closure. Ileostomy closure increased total hospital stay and time off non-work activities. CONCLUSION: LAR with TME and temporary loop ileostomy for rectal cancer results in a long total hospital stay and impairs aspects of HRQOL. Prompt stoma closure should be a priority in these patients.     

结肠内旁路保护低位直肠癌吻合口的手术技巧和疗效观察

目的探讨结肠内旁路保护低位直肠癌吻合口的手术技巧并评估其疗效。 方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2018年5月期间140例拟行结肠内旁路低位直肠癌保肛手术患者(结肠内旁路组)以及同期收治的30例拟行回肠袢式造口低位直肠癌保肛手术患者(回肠造口组)资料。采用SPSS20.0统计软件分析，术中术后相关指标等用"均数±标准差"表示，采用独立t检验；术后Dukes分期比较、吻合口漏发生情况比较采用χ²分析；P<0.05代表差异有统计学意义。 结果结肠内旁路组手术时间较回肠造口组明显缩短(P<0.05)；两组患者吻合口高度和术后Dukes分期差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结肠内旁路组术后首次肛门排气时间、首次进食时间、住院时间较回肠造口组明显缩短，住院费用较回肠造口组降低(P<0.05)。术后，结肠内旁路组明显低于回肠造口组(2.9% vs. 16.7%, χ²＝5.522, P<0.05)。结肠内旁路组吻合口漏后引流时间和术后2个月吻合口狭窄发生率均较回肠造口组明显降低(P<0.05)。 结论结肠内旁路保护低位直肠癌吻合口手术是一种安全、有效的手术方式。     

Randomized clinical trial comparing loop ileostomy and loop transverse colostomy for faecal diversion following total mesorectal excision

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare loop ileostomy and loop transverse colostomy as the preferred mode of faecal diversion following low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. METHODS: Patients who required proximal diversion after low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision were randomized to have either a loop ileostomy or a loop transverse colostomy. Postoperative morbidity, stoma-related problems and morbidity following closure were compared. RESULTS: From April 1999 to November 2000, 42 patients had a loop ileostomy and 38 had a loop transverse colostomy constructed following low anterior resection. Postoperative intestinal obstruction and prolonged ileus occurred more commonly in patients with an ileostomy (P = 0.037). There was no difference in time to resumption of diet, length of hospital stay following stoma closure and incidence of stoma-related complications after discharge from hospital. A total of seven patients had intestinal obstruction from the time of stoma creation to stoma closure (six following ileostomy and one following colostomy; P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Intestinal obstruction and ileus are more common after loop ileostomy than loop colostomy. Loop transverse colostomy should be recommended as the preferred method of proximal faecal diversion.     

系统化护理干预对人工肛门患者排便习惯的影响

目的 观察系统化护理干预对改善直肠癌术后人工肛门患者排便习惯的效果.方法 将76例患者按住院时间分为观察组(53例)和对照组(23例).观察组采用系统化护理干预,包括术前的心理护理和排便指导、术后针对性的护理干预指导以及出院后的追踪护理指导;对照组采用常规护理.结果 观察组对人工肛门心理上完全接受的时间为(2.3±0....     

Protective defunctioning stoma in low anterior resection for rectal carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Anastomotic leak is a serious complication of resection for low rectal carcinoma. METHODS: Data from a prospective multicentre study conducted between January 2000 and December 2001 were analysed to determine the early outcome after low anterior resection in patients with and without a protective stoma. The morbidity and mortality rates associated with ileostomy and colostomy closure were compared. RESULTS: Eight hundred and eighty-one (32.3 per cent) of 2729 patients received a protective stoma after low anterior resection. Overall anastomotic leak rates were similar in patients with or without a stoma (14.5 versus 14.2 per cent respectively). The incidence of leaks that required surgical intervention was significantly lower in those with a protective stoma (3.6 versus 10.1 per cent; P < 0.001), as was the mortality rate (0.9 versus 2.0 per cent; P = 0.037). Logistic regression analysis showed that provision of a protective stoma was the most powerful independent variable for avoiding an anastomotic leak that required surgical correction. Seven hundred and twenty-four of the 881 patients who received a stoma were followed up. The overall postoperative morbidity associated with stoma closure was significantly lower for colostomy than for ileostomy (15.3 versus 22.4 per cent; P = 0.031). CONCLUSION: A protective stoma reduced the rate of anastomotic leakage that required surgical intervention, and mitigated the sequelae of such leakage. Colostomy closure was associated with less morbidity than closure of an ileostomy.     

Clinical utility of a de-functioning loop ileostomy

BACKGROUND: The de-functioning loop ileostomy was introduced as a technique to create a manageable stoma that would divert the faecal stream from a more distal anastomosis in order to reduce the consequences of any anastomotic leakage. The value of de-functioning stomas is currently being challenged. The purpose of the present study was to review the clinical utility of performing a de-functioning loop ileostomy in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. METHODS: A review was undertaken of a prospective colorectal database maintained at Fremantle Hospital. All end-points were defined prior to the collection of data. The study reviewed the indications and type of surgery performed. The main end-points included (i) the prevalence and management of anastomotic leaks at the primary surgery; (ii) unplanned readmissions prior to stoma closure; and (iii) the mortality, reoperation rate, and morbidity associated with closure of the stoma. RESULTS: The study involved 233 patients of mean age 58 years (range 15-89 years) and a male:female ratio of 1.1:1. The majority of patients were undergoing elective surgery (82%) for colorectal neoplasia (71%). The commonest surgical procedure was an ultra-low anterior resection (62%). At the initial surgery, 16 patients (7.0%) developed anastomotic leaks, but only two (0.9%) required reoperation. Eleven patients (4.8%) required 12 unplanned readmissions prior to stoma closure. At closure (n = 230), there were no postoperative deaths, one patient developed an ileal anastomotic leak that was managed with antibiotics, and five patients (2.2%) required reoperation within 30 days of surgery. CONCLUSION: De-functioning loop ileostomy was found to be associated with a relatively low morbidity and no mortality.