健侧C7 神经根经椎体前移位修复臂丛上干损伤的中期临床随访

目的 观察健侧C7 神经根经椎体前通路移位修复臂丛上干损伤重建肩外展、屈肘功能的中期效果.方法 健侧C7 神经根经椎体前通路移位修复臂丛上干损伤患者15例,男14例,女1例;年龄15～43岁,平均30岁.全臂丛撕脱伤7例,上、中干撕脱伴下干不全损伤6例,上、中干损伤2例.健侧C7 神经根经椎体前通路移位到患侧臂丛上干的距离平均(7.6±1.7)cm,8例同时行副神经或膈神经移位单独修复肩胛上神经.结果 随访36～63个月,平均50个月.健侧上肢用力内收时,12例患者的肱二头肌、三角肌、胸大肌锁骨部、冈上肌肌力(8例来自副神经或膈神经的支配)均达到4级,大脑皮层运动支配中枢发生临床转化;另3例肌力为3级或以下,尚未发生大脑皮层运动支配中枢的临床转化.健侧上肢用力内收时,8例肩胛上神经单独修复者的肩外展角度平均78.0°,另7例平均43.1..结论 健侧C7 神经根经椎体前通路移位可用于修复臂丛上千损伤,桥接神经的距离短,重建肩外展及屈肘功能的效果良好,大脑皮层运动支配中枢可发生临床转化.     

Clinical results of contralateral C7 root neurotization to the median nerve in brachial plexus injuries with total root avulsions

This prospective study was carried out to assess motor and sensory recovery after contralateral C7 root to median nerve neurotization in brachial plexus injuries with total root avulsions. The survey was carried out from 1993 to 1995 and the patients were followed up for at least 3 years. There were 96 male patients with ages ranging from 13 to 48 years. All had a unilateral brachial plexus injury with avulsion of all roots. This was confirmed by clinical assessment and exploration. The anterior part of the contralateral C7 root was used for neurotization via a reversed pedicular ulnar nerve graft and the proximal end of the graft was connected to the median nerve. Furthermore, phrenic nerve to suprascapular nerve and spinal accessory nerve (via a sural nerve graft) to musculocutaneous nerve neurotizations were also carried out to obtain shoulder abduction and elbow flexion. At the 3 year follow-up, most patients had encouraging recovery of sensory function in the hand but motor function of the forearm and hand muscles was rather poor. Acceptable motor function was found in only 50 to 60% of the patients who were younger than 18 years.     

二期多组神经移位治疗臂丛神经根性撕脱伤的临床应用和疗效

目的 分析治疗臂丛神经根性撕脱伤的二期手术方法及其效果。方法 2001年8月～2003年4月8例全臂丛神经根性撕脱伤患者，年龄18～38岁。平均伤后6个月内，均应用以下术式治疗。手术步骤：一期手术，膈神经移位至臂丛上干前股，副神经移位至肩胛上神经；健侧C7神经移位至患侧尺神经；二期手术，第4、5、6、7肋间神经移位至桡神经和胸背神经，健侧C7神经经尺神经移位至正中神经。结果 术后8例均获随访，时间为二期术后l3～25个月，平均21个月。所有患者均有不同程度恢复，相应靶肌肉肌力恢复大于或等于M3为有效恢复，肌皮神经有效恢复6例，恢复率为75．0％；肩胛上神经有效恢复3例，恢复率为37．5％；桡神经有效恢复3例，恢复率为37．5％；胸背神经有效恢复6例，恢复率为75．0％；正中神经有效恢复5例，恢复率为62．5％。感觉恢复情况：正中神经感觉4例为S3，3例为S2，1例为S1。结论 二期多组神经移位安全有效，对部分早期臂丛神经损伤并要求缩短手术次数的患者，是一种可选择的方法。     

椎管内外神经根移位整体化治疗臂丛神经根性撕脱伤的实验研究

目的：研究臂丛神经根性撕脱伤后,椎管内、外神经根移位治疗臂丛神经根性撕脱伤的疗效。方法随机选取SD大鼠60只,随机分为实验组及对照组。实验组采用椎管内C5,C6神经根原位修复及健侧C7神经移位修复C8,T1神经根治疗臂丛根性撕脱伤;对照组为膈神经修复肌皮神经,副神经修复肩胛上神经,健侧C7移位修复C8,T1神经根治疗臂丛根性撕脱伤。术后6个月时取材,进行电生理检测,肌肉湿重的测量,肌肉纤维横截面积的检测,HE染色检测观察肌纤维数量,电镜观察神经纤维数量及神经直径。结果实验组神经损伤修复6个月时,其肌肉湿重、肌肉纤维横截面积、肌肉运动诱发电位恢复率、神经生长情况优于对照组。结论椎管内神经根原位修复及椎管外神经根移位整体化治疗臂丛神经根性撕脱伤,无论从肌肉湿重、还是肌肉纤维横截面积比率,或者肌肉运动诱发电位及再生神经生长情况等方面,都取得了良好的效果。     

Selective motor hyperreinnervation by using contralateral C-7 motor rootlets in the reconstruction of an avulsion injury of the brachial plexus. Case report.

Brachial plexus avulsion injuries are a clinical challenge. In recent experimental studies the authors have demonstrated the high degree of muscle reinnervation attained when a C-4 motor rootlet was directly connected to the musculocutaneous nerve. This degree of reinnervation was attributed to the good chance that a muscle fiber can be reinnervated by a motor fiber when the number of regenerating motor neurons is increased and when competitive sensory fibers are excluded from the process. The authors present the first clinical case in which this phenomenon has been observed. This 26-year-old man, who was involved in an automobile accident, presented with an upper brachial plexus avulsion, for which he underwent operation 4 months later. The axillary and suprascapular nerves were directly surgically connected to the motor rootlets of the C-7 contralateral root by using two cables of sural nerve graft. Two years postsurgery, the patient was able to perform shoulder abduction of 120 degrees and hold an 800-g weight at 90 degrees. These results are encouraging, and in selected patients motor rootlet transfer might prove to be a useful surgical strategy.     

健侧C7神经经椎体前通路移位的并发症及防治对策

目的 分析健侧C7神经经椎体前通路移位修复臂丛神经损伤相关并发症的发生原因,并提出防治方法 .方法 自2002年2月至2009年8月,共完成425例健侧C7神经经椎体前通路移位术,男379例,女46例;年龄3个月～56岁,平均21岁.创伤性臂丛神经损伤401例,分娩性臂丛神经损伤24例.健侧C7神经自干平面切断15例,将前后股向远端做干支分离后在其远端切断410例.将并发症分为与椎体前通路制备、与健侧C7神经切取及围手术期其他严重并发症.结果 并发症发生率为5.18%(22/425).与椎体前通路制备相关的并发症:椎动脉损伤0.47%(2/425),喉返神经牵拉伤致声音嘶哑1.18%(5/425),进食时健侧上肢麻木与疼痛0.94%(4/425).与健侧C7神经切取相关的并发症:健侧伸指、伸拇功能障碍0.94%(4/425),健侧上肢术后出现严重疼痛0.71%(3/425),健侧出现Horner征0.47%(2/425),C7神经根错切0.24%(1/425).其他围手术期严重并发症0.24%(1/425),1例患者术后第2天出现脑干栓塞症状,逐渐出现呼吸、循环衰竭,术后第38天死亡.结论 健侧C7神经经椎体前通路移位安全.椎动脉损伤的发生率虽然很低,但其是椎体前通路移位的严重并发症,显露椎动脉起始段后,直视下进行操作是防止此并发症的有效方法.     

健侧C_7与下干直接吻合治疗创伤性臂丛撕脱伤的中期疗效

目的 探讨健侧C_7神经根经椎体前通路移位与患侧下干直接吻合治疗创伤性臂从撕脱伤的中期疗效.方法 2004年5月至2009年4月,采用健侧C_7与下干直接吻合治疗创伤性臂丛撕脱伤患者220例,其中64例获得3年以上的来院随访,男59例,女5例;年龄7～51岁,平均26岁.伤后到手术时间1～18个月,平均3.7个月.全臂丛撕脱伤60例,中、下干撕脱伴上干不全损伤2例,中、下干撕脱而上干正常2例.健侧C_7与下干直接吻合56例,与内侧束直接吻合8例.30例行肱骨短缩截骨,截骨长度2.6～5.8 cm,平均3.9 cm.结果 术后随访36～57个月,平均44个月.41例屈指肌力恢复到4级,3级12例,2级10例,0级1例,优良率为64.1%(41/64);34例拇长屈肌肌力为4级,3级14例,2级14例,0级2例,优良率为53.1%(34/64);47例尺侧屈腕肌力为4级,3级9例,2级7例,0级1例,优良率为73.4%(47/64);32例掌长肌肌力为4级,3级20例,2级11例,0级1例,优良率为50%(32/64).结论 健侧C_7与患侧下干直接吻合较传统的手术方法缩短了神经再生的距离及减少了一个吻合口,可显著提高其重建屈指、屈腕功能效果.     

儿童创伤性臂丛神经撕脱伤的屈指功能重建

目的 观察健侧C_7,经椎体前通路移位与下干直接吻合,重建儿童创伤性臂从神经撕脱伤屈指功能的效果.方法 健侧C_7,在其前后股的远端切断,向近端游离至椎间孔,经椎体前通路牵至患侧.游离患侧臂丛下干及内侧束,切断下干后股及胸前内侧神经.将正中神经、尺神经及前臂内侧皮神经自内侧束的起始处一直游离到上臂中段.息肩前屈、内收至0°位,肘关节屈曲90°,上提患侧下干并与健侧C_7,直接吻合.2004年8月至2008年3月对20例患儿进行了健侧C_7,与患侧下干或内侧束直接吻合术.其中男16例,女4例;年龄5-18岁,平均13岁;伤后到手术时间1-11个月,平均4.6个月.全臂丛撕脱伤13例,中、下干撕脱伤7例.为减少吻合口张力,11例进行了肱骨短缩,短缩长度2.5-4.5 cm,平均(3.1±0.7)cm.结果 术后患者随访时间12-51个月,平均 27.4个月.屈指肌力4级18例,2级2例;屈拇长肌力4级10例、3级8例、2级2例.小指展肌肌力3级l例,2级1例;拇短展肌肌力3级1例.结论 健侧C_7,与患侧下干直接吻合,由于只有一个吻 合口及缩短了神经再生的距离,其重建屈指、屈拇功能的效果满意,并可恢复手内在肌的部分功能.     

健侧颈7神经根移位同时修复两条神经的初步临床疗效

目的探讨用健侧颈，神经根移位同时修复2条上肢神经的临床效果。方法设计2种移位修复的方法。(1)合干法：健侧颈，前后股→尺神经→尺神经近端分2股分别和正中神经、桡神经(或肌皮神经)缝合，共5例。(2)分干法：健侧颈前后股→尺神经、腓肠神经→正中神经、桡神经(或肌皮神经)，共3例。结果合干法4例术后随访12～19个月，1例尚在随访中。正中神经运动：2例已恢复屈腕、屈指，肌力M3。2例屈腕肌力为M1。正中神经感觉：3例为S2，1例为S0。桡神经运动：2例伸腕、伸指肌力为M2。1例伸肘肌力为M2，1例伸腕肌力为M1。桡神经感觉：1例为S2，1例为S1，2例为S0。分干法1例术后随访15个月，已恢复屈腕、屈指，肌力为M3。正中神经感觉为是。肌皮神经：屈肘肌力为M3。另2例术后时间短尚在随访中。结论健侧颈，神经根移位同时修复上肢2条主要神经的新术式，初步应用结果证实是可行的、有效的。     

经椎体前路移位健侧颈7神经根修复臂丛上中干根性撕脱伤

目的探讨健侧颈7神经根经椎体前路移位，修复臂丛上、中干根性撕脱伤的最短通路及其安全性，并分析其应用指征和临床疗效。方法将颈部双侧前斜角肌切断，经椎体前、食管后间隙构制健侧颈，神经根移位通路，将颈7神经根自锁骨后股束交界处切断，近端游离至椎间孔，通过皮神经桥接或直接缝合修复患侧颈5、6神经根或上干前后股。2005年12月-2007年5月，对8例臂丛上、中干根性撕脱伤伴下干部分损伤，或合并副、膈神经损伤的患者进行修复。结果术后1周内，8例患者在咳嗽、进食时健侧手指有轻度麻木感，2～3周后症状逐步消失；体感诱发电位（豁口）在术后3个月时均能引出，7个月时能引出支配肌复合肌肉动作电位（CMAP）；术后12个月肩、肘功能部分恢复。结论切断双侧前斜角肌不仅可以缩短移植神经的长度，且健侧颈7神经根翻转通路更通畅、安全。直接修复或短段皮神经移植极大地缩短了神经再生的距离，利于患肢肩、肘功能的恢复。术后早期禁食可以减轻食道的组织创伤反应，利于颈7神经根缝合口的愈合。     

健侧C_7神经根移位治疗臂丛神经根性撕脱伤的疗效观察

目的观察健侧C7神经根移位修复臂丛神经根性撕脱伤术后患侧肢体运动、感觉功能恢复情况,以及该术式对健侧肢体的影响。方法 2008年8月-2010年11月,采用健侧C7神经根移位修复全臂丛神经根性撕脱伤22例。患者均为男性;年龄14～47岁,平均33.3岁。术前临床检查及电生理检测均确诊为全臂丛神经根性撕脱伤。其中修复正中神经16例,桡神经3例,肌皮神经3例;一期手术2例,二期手术20例。观察手术前、后患侧肢体运动、感觉功能恢复情况。结果 21例患者获随访,随访时间7～25个月,平均18.4个月。健侧C7神经根修复正中神经:屈腕肌肌力达3级或以上10例,屈指肌肌力达3级或以上7例;感觉恢复达S3或以上11例。健侧C7神经根修复肌皮神经:屈肘肌肌力达3级或以上2例;前臂外侧皮肤感觉达3级2例。健侧C7神经根修复桡神经(失访1例)伸腕肌肌力达3级1例;感觉恢复达S3 1例。结论健侧C7神经根全干移位修复全臂丛神经根性撕脱伤效果较好,分期手术是提高疗效的重要因素。     

健侧颈7神经移位经椎体径路的应用解剖学研究

目的 探讨健侧C7神经移位修复臂丛根性撕脱伤的最佳径路.方法 选用15具30侧成人尸体标本,显露双侧臂丛,将C7神经在干、股交界处切断并游离至椎间孔处,测量C7神经前、后股最大长度,分别测量C7神经根经椎体径路、椎前径路、颈前皮下径路至对侧臂丛上、下干的距离.结果 C7神经前、后股最大长度分别为(7.67±1.06)cm和(7.79±1.36)cm,C7神经经椎体径路、椎前径路、颈前皮下径路至对侧臂丛神经上千的距离分别为(6.97±0.56)cm、(10.04±0.94)cm、(16.56±1.24)cm,三组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),至对侧臂丛神经下干的距离分别为(6.82±0.92)cm、(9.91±0.83)cm和(17.64±0.97)cm,三组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 从解剖学角度,经椎体通路是健侧C7神经移位修复臂丛损伤的最佳径路.     

创伤性全臂丛撕脱伤上肢整体功能重建的临床研究

 目的 观察采用多组神经移位术结合后期手功能重建恢复全臂丛神经撕脱伤患者主动拾物功能的疗效。方法 33例全臂丛神经撕脱伤患者,一期手术均采用多组神经移位术,即副神经移位修复肩胛上神经恢复肩外展,健侧C7神经经椎体前通路移位与患侧下干直接吻合重建屈指、屈腕功能,同时将下干发出的前臂内侧皮神经移位修复肌皮神经恢复屈肘功能,膈神经与下干后股直接吻合同时重建伸肘、伸指功能。术后选择肌力获得有效恢复(肩外展恢复到30°或以上, 伸肘、伸指肌力达到3级或以上,屈肘、屈腕、屈指肌力达到4级或以上)的患者进行二期手功能重建恢复患手的主动抓握功能。主要包括腕关节固定术、拇外展功能重建及掌板紧缩术等。结果 一期神经移位术后平均41±7.7(36~73)个月。10例患者的肌力恢复达到二期手功能重建的条件,其中8例已进行二期手功能重建。6例患者恢复了部分主动拾物功能,1例因爪形指纠正失败,另1例因腕融合术后伸指肌腱粘连致伸指功能丧失。结论 新设计的多组神经移位术可同时恢复全臂丛撕脱伤患者的肩外展、屈肘、屈腕、屈指及伸肘、伸指的有效肌力,在此基础上通过后期手功能重建,可成功重建患侧上肢的部分主动拾物功能。     

椎管内修复臂丛神经损伤的解剖及临床应用研究

目的观察通过打开椎管找到残存的臂丛神经根并进行神经修复的可行性。方法甲醛溶液固定的成人尸体标本15具30侧，测量C5-T1，神经前根椎间孔段的直径、长度和有髓神经纤维计数。选择5例臂丛神经损伤患者，2例为椎孔处刀刺伤，3例为闭合性创伤。自受伤到椎管内探查的时间为3-6个月，平均4个月。CTM显示部分已损伤的神经根其椎管内神经前后根仍存在，而锁骨上臂丛神经探查在椎间孔外找不到相应的具有正常结构的神经根近端，通过打开椎管将椎管内残存的神经根用腓肠神经桥接进行神经修复。结果C5-T1，神经前根的有髓神经纤维数目为4000-6000根，椎间孔段的长度为11～14mm，外径为1．2～1．5mm。5例患者的椎管内均找到了具有正常结构的神经根近端，其中C5神经根3例，C5、C6神经根1例，C7神经根1例。C5修复肩胛上神经和C5神经远端各1例，C5修复正中神经内侧头1例，C7修复内侧束1例，C5、C6分别修复上干后股、肌皮神经1例。术后随访38--46个月，平均42个月。5例患者其修复神经所支配肌肉的肌力分别达3-4级。结论对于神经根在椎间孔处断裂的臂丛神经损伤，可通过打开椎管找到损伤神经根的近端，为臂丛神经根性损伤的修复提供理想的动力神经源，有利于臂丛神经治疗效果的提高。     

Contralateral C7 nerve root transfer in treatment of cerebral palsy in a child: case report

A 4-year-old girl who sustained the hemiplegic cerebral palsy and subsequent spasticity in the left upper extremity underwent the C7 nerve root rhizotomy and the contralateral C7 nerve root transfer to the ipsilateral middle trunk of brachial plexus through an interpositional sural nerve graft. In a 2-year follow-up, the results showed a reduction in spasticity and an improvement in extension power of the elbow, the wrist, and the second to fifth fingers. Scores from both Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test and Modified Ashworth Scale tests had been significantly improved during follow-up. The outcomes from this case provided the evidence that combined the C7 nerve root rhizotomy and contralateral healthy C7 nerve root transfer to the ipsilateral middle trunk of brachial plexus not only partially released flexional spasticity but also strengthened extension power of the spastic upper extremity in children with the cerebral palsy.     

同侧颈7神经根移位治疗臂丛上千根性撕脱伤的实验研究

目的 实验性比较同侧C7神经根全根移位与其他3种方法治疗臂丛上千根性撕脱伤的疗效.方法 120只SD大鼠建立上千根性撕脱伤模型后随机等分为4组,每组30只.(1)A组:同侧C7移位至上千+副神经至肩胛上神经;(2)B组:Oberlin手术(尺神经一束移位至肱二头肌支)+副神经至肩胛上神经+桡神经肱三头肌长头支至腋神经前支;(3)C组:膈神经移位至上千前股+副神经至肩胛上神经+颈丛运动支至上千后股;(4)D组:膈神经移位至上千前股+副神经至肩胛上神经,不作腋神经修复.术后3、6和12周每组取10只大鼠作Ochiai评分、Barth足错步试验、Terzis梳头试验及神经再生指标的榆测.结果 术后3周,A组3项行为学检测指标与3个对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.017),腋神经电生理指标均显著优于3个对照组,其余各项腋神经及三角肌组织学指标均显著优于C组和D组,但与B组比较差异无统计学意义.A组除肌皮神经再生有髓神经纤维通过率显著优于C组外,其余肌皮神经及肱二头肌的电牛理与组织学检测指标与3个对照组比较差异无统计学意义.12周时,A组各项行为学观察、几乎全部腋神经和三角肌的电生理与组织学检测以及部分肌皮神经和肱二头肌的电生理与组织学检测指标均已显著优于3个对照组.结论 同侧C7神经根移位对治疗臂丛上千根性撕脱伤的实验性疗效显著.     

Axillary nerve neurotization with the anterior deltopectoral approach in brachial plexus injuries

Combined neurotization of both axillary and suprascapular nerves in shoulder reanimation has been widely accepted in brachial plexus injuries, and the functional outcome is much superior to single nerve transfer. This study describes the surgical anatomy for axillary nerve relative to the available donor nerves and emphasize the salient technical aspects of anterior deltopectoral approach in brachial plexus injuries. Fifteen patients with brachial plexus injury who had axillary nerve neurotizations were evaluated. Five patients had complete avulsion, 9 patients had C5, six patients had brachial plexus injury pattern, and one patient had combined axillary and suprascapular nerve injury. The long head of triceps branch was the donor in C5,6 injuries; nerve to brachialis in combined nerve injury and intercostals for C5‐T1 avulsion injuries. All these donors were identified through the anterior approach, and the nerve transfer was done. The recovery of deltoid was found excellent (M5) in C5,6 brachial plexus injuries with an average of 134.4° abduction at follow up of average 34.6 months. The shoulder recovery was good with 130° abduction in a case of combined axillary and suprascapular nerve injury. The deltoid recovery was good (M3) in C5‐T1 avulsion injuries patients with an average of 64° shoulder abduction at follow up of 35 months. We believe that anterior approach is simple and easy for all axillary nerve transfers in brachial plexus injuries. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012.     

Electrophysiological study of the dominant motor innervation to the extensor digitorum communis muscle and long head of triceps brachii at posterior divisions of brachial plexus

Background: Restoration of elbow and finger extension function is still challenging in management of complete brachial plexus avulsion injury, mainly because of fewer available donor nerves for transfer to the radial nerve. Selective neurotization could be a potentially alternative for overcoming this dilemma. This study was designed to identify the innervation dominance of the extensor digitorum communis muscle (EDCM) and long head of the triceps brachii (LTB) at the level of division of brachial plexus. Methods: From February 2008 to October 2009, 17 patients with complete brachial plexus avulsion injury underwent the procedure of contralateral C7 nerve root transfer. The posterior divisions of brachial plexus on the healthy donor side were intraoperatively stimulated and the compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) from the extensor digitorum communis muscle and long head of triceps brachii were recorded by an electrophysiological device. Results: In 13 out of 17 patients (76.5%), the maximal amplitude of CMAP from EDCM was induced by stimulation of the posterior division of lower trunk (PDLT). The mean amplitudes of CMAP from EDCM with stimulation of the posterior division of upper trunk (PDUT), middle trunk (PDMT), and PDLT were 0.64 ± 0.95, 1.64 ± 1.56, and 5.32 ± 4.67 mV (P < 0.05), respectively. The maximal amplitude of CMAP from LTB was induced mainly by stimulation of the PDMT) and PDLT (6 out of 11 and 5 out of 11 patients). The mean amplitudes of CMAP from LTB with stimulation of the PDUT, PDMT, and PDLT were 0.15 ± 0.24, 5.20 ± 4.27, and 7.48 ± 9.90 mV, respectively. The differences of CMAPs between stimulation of PDUT and other two divisions were significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: From the electrophysiological point of view, this study showed that the PDLT was the major motor division innervating EDCM, and the PDMT and PDLT shared the similar proportion of LTB innervation. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.     

膈神经移位修复下干后股重建臂丛撕脱伤伸肘及伸指功能的中期随访

 目的 观察膈神经移位修复下干后股重建臂丛神经撕脱伤伸肘、伸指、伸拇功能的效果。方法 2005年6月至2008年12月采用膈神经移位修复下干后股重建43例臂丛神经撕脱伤患者的伸肘及伸指功能,男36例,女7例;年龄4~44岁,平均(23.5±9.9)岁。受伤至手术时间1~12个月,平均(3.7±1.9)个月。其中全臂丛神经撕脱伤32例,中下干撕脱伴上干部分损伤或正常5例,C6~T1神经根撕脱伴C5椎孔外断裂或部分损伤6例。取锁骨上、下臂丛神经探查联合切口,显露下干后股,向近端干支分离后切断。将后侧束、桡神经向远端游离,切断后侧束的其他分支。将下干后股、后侧束及桡神经上提,膈神经在胸廓上口内切断,将膈神经与下干后股吻合。膈神经与下干后股直接吻合33例,通过腓肠神经桥接10例。结果 全部病例获得随访,随访时间36~73个月,平均(39.7±7.1)个月。伸肘、伸指、伸拇肌力达到3或以上的比例分别为81.6%、41.9%、39.5%。结论 膈神经移位修复下干后股,其伸肘功能恢复满意,伸指、伸拇功能的恢复仍需进一步改善。     

Effect of ipsilateral C7 nerve root transfer on restoration of rat upper trunk muscle and nerve function after brachial plexus root avulsion

The effects of ipsilateral cervical nerve root transfer on the restoration of the rat upper trunk muscle and nerve brachial plexus root avulsion were studied. After simulated root avulsion of the upper trunk brachial plexus, 120 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: (A) ipsilateral C7 root transfer group; (B) Oberlin group; (C) phrenic nerve group; and (D) no axillary nerve restoration group. At 3, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively, Ochiai score, Barth feet overreaching test, Terzis grooming test, and indices of neurotization were determined in 10 rats from each group. Twelve weeks postoperatively, nearly all the behavioral, neuroelectrophysiological, and histological outcomes of the axillary nerve and deltoid muscle and some of the indices of musculocutaneous nerve and biceps brachii function in the ipsilateral C7 group were superior to those in the other 3 groups. No significant difference was found between the ipsilateral C7 group and the other 3 groups in recovery rate of wet biceps muscle weight. No significant difference was found between the ipsilateral C7 group and the Oberlin group in the recovery of the axillary nerve compound muscle action potential and biceps brachii cell size. No significant difference was found between the ipsilateral C7 group and the phrenic nerve and no axillary nerve restoration groups in amplitude recovery rate of musculocutaneous nerve compound muscle action potential. No significant difference was found between the ipsilateral C7 and the Oberlin groups in the early recovery of musculocutaneous nerve compound muscle action potential, but recovery was significantly better in the ipsilateral C7 group at 12 weeks. Ipsilateral C7 root transfer can improve the quality of restoration of muscle and nerve function in the rat upper trunk after brachial plexus root avulsion.