冬季室内微小气候和照度对办公室人群神经行为功能的影响

目的探讨冬季室内微小气候和照度对封闭建筑物内办公室人员神经行为功能的影响。方法1997年和1998年冬季,在竣工10年以内的27幢办公楼中进行室温、相对湿度和照度的测定,并据此分层。将27幢办公楼及楼内的814名办公室人员相应分成3组,分别作神经行为功能测试,对结果进行趋势分析。结果随着室温和相对湿度的下降,多项神经行为功能测试指标有朝不良方向变化的趋势;随着照度的下降,多项神经行为功能测试指标有朝良好方向变化的趋势,但平均年龄也有明显下降趋势。在室温13～20℃和相对湿度33％～82％范围内,测定数值较低,办公室人群中神经行为功能的表现较差;在照度95～1800lx范围内,测定数值较低,表现则较好。与中枢神经系统症状出现率的变化趋势比较,发现以室温分组时,与神经行为功能表现的变化趋势相反;而以另两个因素分组时,变化趋势则一致。结论两个室内微小气候因素对人群的神经行为功能表现有较为肯定的影响。而照度与神经行为功能表现的关系,由于表现向好趋势与年龄下降趋势一致,故还有待进一步研究证实。     

生物因素和飘尘对封闭建筑物人群神经行为功能的影响

目的：探讨生物因素和飘尘对封闭建筑物内的办公室工作人员神经行为功能的影响。方法：1997年和1998年冬季，在竣工10年以内的27幢办公楼中进行包括细菌总数，霉菌总数，飘尘总量和人均面积的检测，并据此分层，将27幢办公楼及楼内的841名办公室工作人员相应分成3组，分别进行神经行为功能测试，对测试结果进行趋势分析，以搞清这些因素的作用。结果；非习惯手的视简单反应时随着细菌总数的增加呈逐渐延长的趋势。视觉保留测试的正确数随着人均面积的增加呈逐渐减少的趋势，结论：细菌和人均面积会影响封闭建筑物内人的神经行为功能。     

职业性汞接触对作业工人神经行为功能的影响

目的探讨汞对人体神经行为功能的影响。方法采用世界卫生组织推荐的神经行为核心测试组合,于2009年9月对60名汞作业工人和60名对照人员进行神经行为功能测试。结果接触组在情感状态、简单反应时、数字跨度、视觉保留及数字译码、手提转捷度较对照组均有显著变化。结论汞接触可导致工人神经行为功能明显降低,神经行为功能测试可用于汞作业的早期评价指标。     

VDT作业环境对人体健康影响的调查分析

本文对视屏显示终端（ＶＤＴ）工作人员进行了职业环境因素监测、体格检查和行为功能测试。认为影响ＶＤＴ工作人员健康的因素是多方面的：ＣＯ２浓度高、负离子浓度低和照度不足是主要的环境影响因素。体格检查和行为功能测试的多方面指标与对照组相比具有显著性差异。而行为功能测试是研究ＶＤＴ工作人员早期受损表现的较好方法     

锰作业工人神经行为功能的观察

目的研究职业性锰接触对工人神经行为的作用。方法将从事锰作业工人８９名,无职业危害接触史工人７９名,分为接触组和对照组,进行神经行为功能测试。两组行为功能测试得分采用Ｆ检验分析。结果两组间各项行为功能测试得分,接触组均劣于对照组。经统计分析,简单反应、数字跨度、数字译码和Ｂｅｎｔｏｎ视觉记忆以及目标追踪Ⅱ的测试方面有显著差异。结论锰作业对工人神经行为有一定的影响。     

神经行为功能测试在职业危害评价中的应用现状

研究发现 ,许多职业有害因素可影响人的正常心理和生理功能 ,并且所致行为功能改变出现在临床症状和生化指标改变之前。而行为功能测试方法具有简便、灵敏、无创伤和易被受检者接受的特点 ,因此 ,神经行为功能测试作为一种亚临床指标用于职业危害的早期评价已逐渐受到关注。一、神经行为功能测试方法目前神经行为功能的测试方法主要有 :ＷＨＯ推荐的神经行为核心测试组合、三维度自填式问卷、华中科技大学同济医学院研制的ＳＧ Ａ行为测试仪、计算机化神经行为测试评价系统 (ＮＥＳ)及ＮＥＳ之后两个改进系统等[1] 。但用得最多的是ＷＨＯ推…     

高频作业工人地为功能改变的观察

探讨神经行为功能检测在高频辐射职业危害中的应用价值。采用ＷＨＯ神经行为核心测试组合中４项神经行为功能测试方法，观察工业高频电磁场对作业工人神经行为的影响。结果 高频作业工人各项指标得分均显低于对照组，并与作业工人神经衰弱的检出结果有一定的关系。     

苯接触对工人神经行为功能的影响

选择苯接触工龄2年以上的喷漆工进行神经行为功能测试。结果提示苯接触对工人的身体健康和神经行为功能有一定的损害。     

静电复印工作对人体行为功能影响

本文采用世界卫生组织推荐的神经行为核心测试组合，对某地区高校３６名复印工作人员和３６名图书管理员进行行为功能测试。结果表明复印工的数字跨度、数字译码、提转捷度得分和情感状态特征中愤怒－敌意得分比对照组低（Ｐ〈０．０１或Ｐ〈０．００１），复印工的简单反应时延长（Ｐ〈０．００１），观察组行为功能测试总分也显著低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．００１）。结果提示复印可能会引起操作人员在眼手协调性、记忆、反应速度和情感     

职业锰接触对工人神经行为功能影响的Meta分析

锰作业工人长期接触含锰的烟尘,使机体摄入过量的锰,可引起职业性慢性锰中毒.金属锰主要蓄积于中枢神经系统,早期主要导致神经行为功能方面的损害.早在1837年,Couper在研究氧化锰对机体的影响时就对中枢神经系统的损害作了描述.迄今,关于锰接触与神经行为功能改变的报道较多,但研究结论不尽一致.由于不同研究者所用神经行为功能测试的方法及评价标准不完全相同,导致差异更为明显.为评价职业性锰接触对神经行为功能影响的效应,我们收集了20年来国内外发表的关于职业锰接触工人神经行为功能测试的文献,对其进行了定量分析.     

上海冬季大楼综合征的流行病学研究

目的：探讨上海冬季封闭性建筑物的办公室人员中是否存在大楼综合征（ＳＢＳ）,以及基本的总体表现。方法：１９９７和１９９８年冬季,在峻工１０年以内的２７幢办公楼及其内的８４１中办公室工作人员中进行内容包括办公室一般情况、环境检测、个人一般情况、个人症状问询,以及个人医学检查的现况调查。结果：１４项问询症状中有８个症状的报告率超过了１５％,其中４个超过了３０％;个人症状指数（ＰＳＩ）及个人５项症状指数（     

办公大楼内环境与黏膜刺激体征关系的多因素分析

目的 本文旨在分析上海冬季封闭式建筑物室内环境因素与人群眼、鼻、咽喉黏膜刺激体征阳性率之间是否存在剂量－反应关系。方法 1997年1998年冬季,选择竣工10年以内的27幢办公大楼,测试春现场环境指标,并对其内在832名工作人员进行眼、鼻、咽喉黏膜的体检。以环境指标及性别与否有黏膜刺激体征建立Logistic回归模型。结果 环境因素中与眼结膜刺激体征阳性率有显著相关的有：空气总颗粒物、人均面积、相对湿度和亮度;与五官黏膜刺激体征阳性率有显著相关的有：温度和相对湿度。结论 空气总颗粒物对眼结膜刺激影响较大,温度和相对湿度偏低,但偏回归系数值较小。人群黏膜系统对总体情况的敏感性强于某单个因素。     

城市楼字办公人员健康管理方法研究

[目的]通过对楼宇员工健康现况的调查、健康干预,评价在楼宇开展办公人员健康管理方法的有效性。[方法]对467名城市办公人员开展问卷调查、健康体检,将其中137名脂代谢和糖代谢障碍的办公人员分为干预组64人和对照组73人,进行综合性健康干预。[结果]经综合健康管理模式干预后的健康知识知晓率较干预前提高了11．7％,与对照组相比有明显提高。[结论]“三级医院技术指导一社区卫生服务中心实施与管理一街道相关部门协调支持一楼宇办公人员积极参与”的新型综合健康管理模式在健康促进方面有显著效果。楼宇健康管理应根据办公人员主要健康问题和需求,由社区卫生服务中心制定健康管理计划,协同楼宇工会、街道办事处等机构部门合作完成。     

邯郸市装修工工作现况分析

目的了解邯郸市装修工的工作状况。方法自制调查表，采用多级抽样方法对邯郸市装修工进行抽样调查。结果装修工平均月收入，女性501～800元者占54．34％，男性801～1200元者占51．05％，男性收入高于女性（P〈0．01）。签订劳动合同的为29．48％。经过岗位培训的只占55．93％。在工作中采取防护措施的占47．11％。经常加班的占37．08％。自我承担工伤费用的占25．43％。结论装修工的工作状况堪忧，改变装修工的弱势地位和工作环境，最根本的是改变城乡二元结构。     

Prevalence of the sick building syndrome symptoms in office workers before and after being exposed to a building with an improved ventilation system.

OBJECTIVE: To find if the prevalence of symptoms associated with sick building syndrome decreased among office workers after moving to a building with improved ventilation (after controlling for potential confounders). METHODS: Workers in five buildings in 1991 all moved in 1992 into a single building with improved design, operation, and maintenance of the ventilation system. All buildings had sealed windows with mechanical ventilation, air conditioning, and humidification. Workers completed a self administered questionnaire during normal working hours in February 1991 and February 1992. The questionnaire encompassed symptoms of the eyes, nose and throat, respiratory system, skin, fatigue, headache, and difficulty concentrating, personal, psychosocial, and work related factors. During normal office hours of the same week environmental variables were measured. RESULTS: The study population comprised 1390 workers in 1991 and 1371 workers in 1992 who represented more than 80% of the eligible population. The prevalence of most symptoms decreased when workers moved to the new building: skin (54%), respiratory system (53%), nose and throat (46%), fatigue (44%), headache (37%), eyes (23%). These findings were all significant and remained generally similar after controlling for personal, psychosocial, and work related factors. Furthermore, more than 60% of workers symptomatic in 1991 were asymptomatic in 1992 for all types of symptoms. In contrast, less than 15% of workers were asymptomatic in 1991 but symptomatic in 1992 for all types of symptoms. CONCLUSION: In this study, the prevalence of most symptoms usually associated with the sick building syndrome decreased by 40% to 50% after workers were transferred to a building with an improved ventilation system. The results show that it is possible to diminish the prevalence of symptoms associated with the sick building syndrome among office workers occupying a building with mechanical ventilation, air conditioning, and sealed windows.     

Prevalence of objective eye manifestations in people working in office buildings with different prevalences of the sick building syndrome compared with the general population

Summary A cross-sectional clinical epidemiological study was carried out among 169 office workers in four Copenhagen town halls with different prevalences of the sick building syndrome. The results were compared with those in 112 subjects randomly selected from the general population. Biomicroscopic eye manifestations, such as premature break-up of the precorneal tear film, absence of foam at the inner eye canthus and epithelial damage of the bulbar conjunctiva, were investigated together with self-reported eye complaints. Although intercorrelated, the objective eye manifestations independently were statistically associated with self-reported eye complaints in office workers. The prevalence of the objective eye manifestations was significantly elevated in office workers compared with the general population and most pronounced for the buildings with a high prevalence of the sick building syndrome (P < 0.001). In the general population, subjects with a non-industrial occupation, including office workers, had a significantly higher prevalence of objective eye manifestations than those with an industrial occupation (P = 0.03), but the prevalence was still significantly lower than that among the office workers in buildings with a high prevalence of the sick building syndrome (P<0.001). Since possible confounders were found not to explain the difference in prevalence of objective eye manifestations and complaints among the two populations, it is concluded that the office environment (buildings and/or type of office work) promotes these objective changes accompanied by self-reported complaints.     

Prevalence of the sick building syndrome symptoms in office workers before and six months and three years after being exposed to a building with an improved ventilation system.

OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of symptoms associated with the sick building syndrome (SBS) has recently been shown to decrease by 40% to 50% among office workers six months after they were exposed to a building with an improved ventilation system. The objective of the present study was to find whether the decrease in the prevalence of symptoms was maintained three years later. METHODS: Workers from the same organisation occupied five buildings in 1991 and moved during that year to a single building with an improved ventilation system. All buildings had sealed windows with mechanical ventilation, air conditioning, and humidification. Workers completed a self administered questionnaire during normal working hours in February 1991 before moving, in February 1992 six months after moving, and in February 1995, three years after moving. The questionnaire encompassed symptoms of the eyes, nose and throat, respiratory system, skin, fatigue, and headache, as well as difficulty concentrating, personal, psychosocial, and workstation factors. During normal office hours of the same weeks, environmental variables were measured. RESULTS: The study population comprised 1390 workers in 1991, 1371 in 1993, and 1359 in 1995, which represents 80% of the population eligible each year. The prevalence of most symptoms decreased by 40% to 50% in 1992 compared with 1991. This was similar in 1995. These findings were significant and remained generally similar after controlling for personal, psychosocial, and work related factors. CONCLUSION: In this study, the decrease of 40% to 50% in the prevalence of most symptoms investigated six months after workers were exposed to a new building with an improved ventilation system was maintained three years later. The results of the present follow up study provide further support for a real effect of exposure to a new building with an improved ventilation system on the prevalence of symptoms associated with the SBS.     

Indicators of moisture and ventilation system contamination in U.S. office buildings as risk factors for respiratory and mucous membrane symptoms: analyses of the EPA BASE data

We assessed associations between indicators for moisture in office buildings and weekly, building-related lower respiratory and mucous membrane symptoms in office workers, using the U.S. EPA BASE data, collected in a representative sample of 100 U.S. office buildings. We estimated the strength of associations between the symptom outcomes and moisture indicators in multivariate logistic regression models as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), controlling for potential confounding factors and adjusting for correlation among workers in buildings. This analysis identified associations between building-related symptoms and several indicators of moisture or contamination in office buildings. One set of models showed almost a tripling of weekly building-related lower respiratory symptoms in association with lack of cleaning of the drip pans under air-conditioning cooling coils (OR [CI] = 2.8 (1.2-6.5)). Other models found that lack of cleaning of either drip pans or cooling coils was associated with increased mucous membrane symptoms (OR [CI] = 1.4 (1.1-1.9)). Slightly increased symptoms were also associated with other moisture indicators, especially mucous membrane symptoms and past water damage to building mechanical rooms (OR [CI] = 1.3 (1.0-1.7)). Overall, these findings suggest that the presence of moisture or contamination in ventilation systems or occupied spaces in office buildings may have adverse respiratory or irritant effects on workers. The analysis, however, failed to confirm several risks identified in a previous study, such as condition of drain pans or outdoor air intakes, and other hypothesized moisture risks. Studies with more rigorous measurement of environmental risks and health outcomes will be necessary to define moisture-related risks in buildings.     

北京市某写字楼内甲醛污染及对人体健康的影响

目的了解北京市某写字楼内甲醛污染状况及对人体健康的影响。方法调查写字楼内甲醛污染的影响因素以及办公人员的情况,同时依据国家标准利用仪器对办公楼内甲醛浓度进行检测。结果共检测写字楼内25家公司,甲醛的平均浓度为0．088mg/m62,超标率为20％;墙面用普通涂料与用环保涂料装修的公司之间甲醛超标率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;有新进家具与没有新进家具的公司之间甲醛的超标率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;不同的装修档次、不同的办公家具档次之间甲醛的超标率有差异;有绿色植物的公司与无绿色植物的公司之间甲醛超标率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;暴露人群与非暴露人群发生不良反应的情况差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。结论甲醛是办公人员出现不良反应的因素之一;有新进办公家具、墙面用普通涂料装修、地面用木制地板装修,是甲醛的主要污染源;绿色植物有一定的净化空气的作用;时间对甲醛浓度的影响不是很大。