Pokemon在鼻咽癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:研究鼻咽癌组织中原癌基因Pokemon的表达及其与鼻咽癌临床指标间的关系.方法:利用免疫组化SP法分析86例鼻咽癌和30例鼻咽慢性炎中Pokemon的表达,同时利用半定量RT-PCR法分析56例鼻咽癌与30例鼻咽部慢性炎症组织中Pokemon mRNA表达情况.结果:Pokemon在86例鼻咽癌组中高表达有67例(77.9%),明显高于在30例鼻咽慢性炎组中表达的7例(23.3%),且两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).Pokemon的表达与鼻咽癌临床病理分期和淋巴结转移有相关性(PO.05).RT-PCR显示鼻咽癌组织中Pokemon基因mRNA呈阳性表达(阳性率91.1%),而鼻咽部慢性炎症组织中无表达,两组间相对表达量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);有淋巴结转移组mRNA相对表达量高于无淋巴转移组(P<0.05),对于不同TNM分期的患者中Pokemon mRNA相对表达量,早期患者(I期+Ⅱ期)的阳性表达率为89.7%,明显低于晚期患者(Ⅲ期+Ⅳ期)阳性率94.1%,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:Pokemon在NPC的发生、发展与转移中扮演重要角色,可能成为鼻咽癌早期诊断的分子指标及分子靶向治疗的新靶点.     

VEGF蛋白表达与鼻咽癌临床特征相关性研究

目的:检测鼻咽癌以及鼻咽黏膜慢性炎症组织中VEGF蛋白的表达,探讨该蛋白在鼻咽癌发生发展中的作用和意义.方法:应用免疫组化链亲和素-过氧化酶法(SP法)检测105例患者鼻咽癌组织中放疗前VEGF的表达情况,取10例正常鼻咽黏膜标本做对照.所有患者均行首程根治性放疗.随访5至7年,随访率95%.资料经SPSS 13.0软件统计包处理.结果:105例鼻咽癌组织中VEGF阳性表达率为76%,与正常鼻咽组织中阳性表达率相有统计学差异(P<0.05);VEGF蛋白表达强度与淋巴结转移、肿瘤分期、颅神经麻痹、颅底侵犯相关(P<0.05),与性别、年龄、茎突前与茎后侵犯、VCA-IgA无相关(P>0.05);VEGF蛋白阴性表达者比阳性表达者有较高的5年生存率,低表达比高表达者有较高的5年生存率,但生存曲线比较无统计学意义(P>0.05).(5)Cox回归模型表明VEGF蛋白表达对患者生存时间无明显影响(P>0.05).结论:VEGF蛋白的异常表达对鼻咽癌局部浸润和远处转移有促进作用.虽然VEGF蛋白表达均阴性的鼻咽癌患者较阳性表达的患者有更长的5年生存率,但要得到可信的结论仍需要较多病例数,较长时间的观察.     

鼻咽癌原发与转移性淋巴结E-cadherin 和TGF-β1表达相关性的探讨

目的:探讨E-钙黏附蛋白(E-cadherin)、转生长因子(TGF-β1)蛋白在鼻咽癌组织中的表达情况及临床病理意义.方法:采用免疫组织化学染色S-P法检测57例鼻咽癌组织、36例淋巴结转移癌组织和20例癌旁鼻咽黏膜慢性炎组织中E-cadherin、TGF-β1蛋白的表达水平.结果:1)E-cadherin在颈部淋巴结转移癌中的阳性表达率为47.2%(17/36),显著低于鼻咽癌组织(80.7%,46/57,P=0.001)和鼻咽黏膜慢性炎组织(90.0%,18/20,P=0.02);TGF-β1在颈部淋巴结转移癌中阳性表达率高于鼻咽黏膜慢性炎组织(P=0.041).2)在鼻咽癌组织中E-cadherin及TGF-β1的表达与临床分期有关(均P<0.05);有淋巴结转移组的鼻咽癌组织中TGF-β1阳性率明显高于无淋巴结转移组(P=0.044).3)鼻咽癌中E-cadherin与TGF-β1的表达呈负相关(P<0.05).结论:E-cadherin蛋白表达下调或TGF-β1蛋白表达增多可能是导致鼻咽癌癌细胞侵袭转移的重要因素.     

鼻咽癌组织KiSS-1和MMP-9表达与淋巴结转移关系的研究

目的:研究KiSS-1和MMP-9在鼻咽癌组织中的表达及其与淋巴结转移的关系.方法:应用免疫组化SP法检测23例慢性鼻咽炎、62例鼻咽癌组织(其中38例伴有颈部淋巴结转移)中KiSS-1和MMP-9的表达.结果:62例鼻咽癌组织KiSS-1和MMP-9阳性表达率分别为45.2%和75.8%,23例慢性鼻咽炎两者阳性率分别为95.7%和13.0%,差异均有统计学意义,P<0.05;鼻咽癌转移组和非转移组KiSS-1阳性率分别为26.3%和75.0%,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05;鼻咽癌转移组和非转移组MMP-9阳性率分别为89.4%和54.2%,转移组明显高于非转移组,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05.相关分析显示,KiSS-1和MMP-9表达呈负相关.结论:KiSS-1和MMP-9异常表达与鼻咽癌的转移有关,有助于判断患者的预后.     

Rho A和Ezrin蛋白在鼻咽癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨Rho A和Ezrin蛋白表达在鼻咽癌浸润、转移及预后等方面中的作用及其相互关系.方法 用SupervisionTM免疫组化方法 检测Rho A和Ezrin蛋白在150例不同临床分期的鼻咽癌组织及20例鼻咽黏膜慢性炎组织中的表达情况.结果 ①RhoA和Ezrin蛋白在鼻咽癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为62.7%和74.7%,显著高于黏膜慢性炎组(P均＜0.001).②Rho A和Ezrin蛋白表达与鼻咽癌临床分期特别是T分期有关,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).③鼻咽癌组织中Rho A和Ezrin蛋白表达呈显著正相关(r=0.486,P=0.000).④Rho A和Ezrin单独或联合表达阳性患者放疗后中位生存时间短于阴性患者(P＜0.05).结论 Rho A和Ezrin蛋白表达与鼻咽癌的浸润、转移有密切关系,在鼻咽癌浸润、转移过程中起到协同作用.二者单独或联合表达提示预后不良.     

p16蛋白和E-cadherin表达与鼻咽癌生物学行为的关系

目的:探讨p16蛋白和E-cadherin在鼻咽癌组织中的表达与其生物学行为的关系.方法:应用免疫组化技术检测p16蛋白和E-cadherin在鼻咽癌和鼻咽粘膜炎性组织中的表达.结果:鼻咽癌组织p16蛋白阳性表达率明显低于鼻咽粘膜炎组织(P＜0.05),而两组之间E-cadherin的表达无显著性差异(P＞0.05);Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者p16蛋白和E-cadherin的阳性表达率高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者,但无统计学差异(P＞0.05);p16蛋白和E-cadherin表达与颈淋巴结转移、远处转移及放疗后复发和转移无明显相关(P＞0.05).结论:p16蛋白表达的缺失可能涉及鼻咽癌的发生、发展过程.E-cadherin表达与鼻咽癌生物学行为的相关性有待进一步研究证实.     

骨桥蛋白和整合素αv表达与鼻咽癌侵袭转移的相关性

目的 探讨骨桥蛋白(OPN)及其受体整合素αv(integrin αv,ITGA V)在鼻咽癌组织中的表达及其与鼻咽癌侵袭、转移的关系.方法 应用免疫组织化学方法检测88例鼻咽癌组织、18例鼻咽黏膜慢性炎症组织中OPN及其受体整合素αv的表达,从临床分期、淋巴结转移和远处转移等方面分别进行对比分析. 结果88例鼻咽癌组织中OPN与ITGA V蛋白的阳性表达率分别为53.4%(47/88)、59.1%(52/88),明显高于鼻咽黏膜慢性炎症组织中的表达(P＜0.01).OPN与ITGA V的表达与肿瘤临床分期、淋巴结转移和远处转移有关(P＜0.05),与患者性别无关(P＞0.05),且二者表达呈正相关(r=0.335,P＜0.01). 结论OPN和ITGA V基因蛋白在鼻咽癌的侵袭转移过程中可能起着协同、调控作用,有可能成为反映鼻咽癌生物学特性及评价预后的重要分子生物学指标.     

MMP-9、LMP-1蛋白在鼻咽癌中的表达及其与远处转移的相关性研究

目的:研究基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、潜伏膜蛋白-1(LMP-1)在鼻咽癌中的表达及其对鼻咽癌远处转移的影响.方法:收集83例鼻咽癌患者的临床资料及鼻咽部瘤体活检组织蜡块.采用免疫组化S-P法检测标本中MMP-9、LMP-1的表达.结果:MMP-9阳性表达率为65%(54/83),其表达与颈淋巴结转移、远处转移关系密切(P<0.05).LMP-1阳性表达率为57%(47/83),其表达与颈淋巴结转移、远处转移关系密切(P<0.05);且与MMP-9表达呈显著正相关(rs=0.327,P<0.05).鼻咽癌远处转移的危险因素是临床分期(Ⅲ、Ⅳ期)、颈淋巴结N3阳性、MMP-9阳性表达、LMP-1阳性表达(P<0.05).MMP-9、LMP-1均为阳性表达者远处转移风险更高(P<0.05).结论:MMP-9、LMP-1阳性表达与远处转移明显相关,可作为鼻咽癌远处转移的预测指标.     

诱导型一氧化氮合酶与Bcl-2在鼻咽癌中的表达及意义

目的 探讨鼻咽癌组织中诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）与滤泡型B细胞淋巴瘤／白血病-2（Bcl-2）的表达情况及其意义。方法 采用免疫组织化学法检测50例鼻咽癌石蜡标本和15例慢性炎症的鼻咽黏膜标本中iNOS和Bcl-2蛋白表达情况。结果 慢性炎症的鼻咽黏膜中iNOS无表达,Bcl-2有表达,但局限于上皮的基底细胞层。在鼻咽癌组织中,iNOS阳性表达者细胞浆和胞核内出现棕黄色细颗粒,且胞核染色比胞浆更强;Bcl-2阳性表达者细胞浆或核膜上出现棕黄色细颗粒。鼻咽癌组织iNOS的阳性表达率为74.0％（37／50）,Bcl-2为82.0％（41／50）,与慢性炎症的鼻咽黏膜比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。在鼻咽癌组织中,iNOS与Bcl-2蛋白表达强度呈正相关（r=0.945,P＜0.05）;iNOS的表达与T分期及有无淋巴结转移有关,与年龄和性别无关;Bcl 2的表达与临床病理特征无关。结论 iNOS与Bcl 2的表达与鼻咽癌的发生、发展相关,进一步研究两者的关系对探索鼻咽癌新的治疗手段有重要意义。     

食管鳞癌组织中RhoC和Kiss-1 mRNA的表达及意义*

目的:探讨食管鳞状上皮细胞癌组织、正常食管黏膜组织中RhoC mRNA和Kiss-1 mRNA 的表达及其与临床病理因素的关系。方法:收集河南省安阳市肿瘤医院手术切除食管癌标本62例及正常食管黏膜组织62例;应用原位杂交法检测每例食管组织中RhoC mRNA、Kiss-1 mRNA 的表达情况。采用SPSS13.0 软件行χ2检验及Spearman 相关分析进行相关统计。结果:RhoCmRNA 在正常食管黏膜、食管鳞癌组织的阳性表达率分别为21.0% 、80.6% ,组间比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=44.173,P<0.05）,在不同分化程度组、不同浸润深度组及有无淋巴结转移组的食管鳞癌组织中RhoC mRNA的阳性表达率差异均有统计学意义（χ2分别
为9.520、4.478、3.898,P 均<0.05）;食管鳞癌组织中Kiss-1 mRNA 的阳性表达显著低于正常食管黏膜Kiss-1 mRNA 的阳性表达,表达率分别为51.6% 95.2%（χ2=30.102,P<0.05）,有淋巴结转移组及无淋巴结转移组的食管鳞癌组织中Kiss-1 mRNA 的阳性表达率分别为30.0% 、61.9% ,二者相比差异有统计学意义（χ2=5.522,P<0.05）,在不同分化程度组、不同浸润深度组食管鳞癌组织的Kiss-1 mRNA 阳性表达率差异无统计学意义（χ2分别为0.758、1.241,P 均>0.05）;食管鳞癌组织中RhoC与Kiss-1 mRNA 的表达呈负相关关系（γ =-0.311,P<0.05）。 结论:RhoC mRNA高表达和Kiss-1 mRNA 表达的降低或缺失可能在食管鳞癌的发生、发展过程中起重要作用。联合检测二者可望作为判断食管鳞癌侵袭转移能力的一项客观指标。      

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Genetic polymorphisms of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases and risk for esophageal and head and neck cancers

Alcoholic beverages are causally related to cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and esophagus. Ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde and then to acetate by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), both of which have genetic polymorphisms. A review of case-control studies of the effects of ALDH2, ADH2 and ADH3 genotypes shows consistently positive associations between inactive heterozygous ALDH2 and the less-active ADH2 genotypes and the risk for esophageal cancer in East Asian heavy drinkers and this enzyme-related vulnerability may extend to light-to-moderate drinkers. Some studies suggest similar associations with the risk for head and neck cancer in moderate-to-heavy-drinking Japanese. An established carcinogen in experimental animals, acetaldehyde can interact with human DNA. ALDH2-associated cancer susceptibility fits into a scenario in which acetaldehyde plays a critical role in the development of human cancer. Alcohol flushing and drinking behavior may partly explain this carcinogenic effect in carriers of less-active ADH2 genotypes. Whether the ADH3 genotype influences head and neck cancer risk in Western nations is controversial. Professional and public education about risky conditions connected to the ALDH2 and ADH2 genotypes and environmental factors is important in a new strategic approach to the prevention of alcohol-related cancers in East Asians. The use of simple tests to identify inactive ALDH2 on the basis of alcohol flushing responses could benefit many people, by helping them to identify their own cancer risks. Such testing could also help clinicians diagnose esophageal cancer earlier, through the use of endoscopic screening in the high-risk population.     

Religiosity and Physical and Emotional Functioning Among African American and White Colorectal and Lung Cancer Patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

New and emerging radiosensitizers and radioprotectors

The combination of chemotherapy and radiation has led to clinical breakthroughs in several disease sites, and current work continues to define optimum combinations of proven chemotherapy as well as more recently available, noncytotoxic agents. Administration of systemic therapies allows modulation of radiation response to improve tumor control (radiosensitization) or to prevent normal tissue toxicity (radioprotection). Substantial progress has been made in identifying the targets of standard chemotherapeutic radiation sensitizers and protectors as well as in the introduction of a new generation of molecularly targeted therapies in combination with radiation. We have reviewed the most recent, predominantly early phase clinical trials combining systemic agents with radiation. Although the proof of an improved schedule ultimately needs to come from well-run Phase III trials, the search among schedules could be shortened by the use of surrogate endpoints such as presence of active drug metabolites in the tumor. This has been accomplished only in a few cases and needs to become a more standard part of radiation sensitizer and protector trials.